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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Degrada??o ambiental no munic?pio de Cerro Cor? RN por t?cnicas de geoprocessamento

Dantas, Henrique Roque 22 February 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueRD_DISSERT.pdf: 2642675 bytes, checksum: dc5266cdb82cb1eb696b408a316b8e91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The processes of occupation and evolution of natural environments as a result of a disorderly process of implementing economic practices agrosilvopastoris play today an important role in the degradation process of changing the landscape and natural resources of the semiarid Northeast. The Serra de Santana has natural elements important to the state of Rio Grande do Norte as the source of the Potengi. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the degree of degradation in the municipality of Cerro Cora - RN. We used satellite images Landsat-5 and census data for the year 2008. The method made use of geotechnology which includes land use, NDVI, rainfall, livestock and erodibility in the evaluation of environmental degradation, as well as satellite images of Landsat TM-5, in the years 1984, 1995 and 2008, letters of NDVI, census data regarding the socioeconomic obtained from IBGE. The results showed that the absolute majority in the municipality of Cerro Cora has a low to medium susceptibility, which together represent 63.92% of the municipality, with a regression of disturbed areas and the areas of agriculture, and a recovery of the areas of Caatinga , coming to occupy currently 92% of the municipal territory. A Geographic Information System is indispensable to environmental monitoring of Cerro Cora / RN / Os processos de ocupa??o e evolu??o dos ambientes naturais em decorr?ncia de um processo desordenado de implementa??o de pr?ticas econ?micas agrosilvopastoris, desempenham at? hoje um papel determinante de degrada??o no processo de mudan?a da paisagem e dos recursos naturais do Semi?rido Brasileiro. A Serra de Santana apresenta elementos naturais importantes para o estado do Rio Grande do Norte como a nascente do rio Potengi. Para tanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o grau de degrada??o no munic?pio de Cerro Cor? - RN. Foram utilizadas imagens de sat?lite Landsat-5 e dados censit?rios referentes ao ano de 2008. Como m?todo fez-se uso de geotecnologias que contemplam uso do solo, NDVI, precipita??o, pecu?ria e erodibilidade na avalia??o da degrada??o ambiental, bem como imagens do sat?lite Landsat TM-5, nos anos de 1984, 1995 e 2008, cartas de NDVI, dados censit?rio referentes ? dados socioecon?micos obtidos no IBGE. Os resultados mostraram que em sua maioria absoluta o munic?pio de Cerro Cor? apresenta uma susceptibilidade de baixa ? m?dia, que juntos representam 63,92% do munic?pio, havendo uma regress?o das ?reas antropizadas e das ?reas de agricultura, e uma recupera??o das ?reas de Caatinga, chegando esta a ocupar atualmente 92% do territ?rio municipal. Um sistema de informa??o Geogr?fica torna-se indispens?vel no monitoramento ambiental de Cerro Cor?/RN
12

Detec??o de ?reas degradadas na sub-bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Tapero?/PB, utilizando par?metros f?sicos dos sensores MODIS/terra e TM/landsat

Paiva, Luiz Ant?nio Nascimento de 12 November 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizANP_DISSERT_1-80.pdf: 5205000 bytes, checksum: a0528798e1c98d3a73a67178f824421d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-12 / This study includes the results of the analysis of areas susceptible to degradation by remote sensing in semi-arid region, which is a matter of concern and affects the whole population and the catalyst of this process occurs by the deforestation of the savanna and improper practices by the use of soil. The objective of this research is to use biophysical parameters of the MODIS / Terra and images TM/Landsat-5 to determine areas susceptible to degradation in semi-arid Paraiba. The study area is located in the central interior of Para?ba, in the sub-basin of the River Tapero?, with average annual rainfall below 400 mm and average annual temperature of 28 ? C. To draw up the map of vegetation were used TM/Landsat-5 images, specifically, the composition 5R4G3B colored, commonly used for mapping land use. This map was produced by unsupervised classification by maximum likelihood. The legend corresponds to the following targets: savanna vegetation sparse and dense, riparian vegetation and exposed soil. The biophysical parameters used in the MODIS were emissivity, albedo and vegetation index for NDVI (NDVI). The GIS computer programs used were Modis Reprojections Tools and System Information Processing Georeferenced (SPRING), which was set up and worked the bank of information from sensors MODIS and TM and ArcGIS software for making maps more customizable. Initially, we evaluated the behavior of the vegetation emissivity by adapting equation Bastiaanssen on NDVI for spatialize emissivity and observe changes during the year 2006. The albedo was used to view your percentage of increase in the periods December 2003 and 2004. The image sensor of Landsat TM were used for the month of December 2005, according to the availability of images and in periods of low emissivity. For these applications were made in language programs for GIS Algebraic Space (LEGAL), which is a routine programming SPRING, which allows you to perform various types of algebras of spatial data and maps. For the detection of areas susceptible to environmental degradation took into account the behavior of the emissivity of the savanna that showed seasonal coinciding with the rainy season, reaching a maximum emissivity in the months April to July and in the remaining months of a low emissivity . With the images of the albedo of December 2003 and 2004, it was verified the percentage increase, which allowed the generation of two distinct classes: areas with increased variation percentage of 1 to 11.6% and the percentage change in areas with less than 1 % albedo. It was then possible to generate the map of susceptibility to environmental degradation, with the intersection of the class of exposed soil with varying percentage of the albedo, resulting in classes susceptibility to environmental degradation / A presente pesquisa compreende os resultados de an?lises de ?reas suscet?veis a degrada??o ambiental por sensoriamento remoto no semi-?rido nordestino, o que ? um fato preocupante e atinge toda popula??o e o efeito catalisador desse processo ocorre pelo desmatamento da caatinga e por pr?ticas inadequadas do uso do solo. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa ? utilizar par?metros biof?sicos do sensor MODIS/Terra e as imagens TM/Landsat-5 para determinar as ?reas suscept?veis ao processo de degrada??o no semi-?rido para?bano. A ?rea de estudo localiza-se no sert?o central da Para?ba, na Sub-bacia do Rio Tapero?, com m?dias anuais de precipita??o inferiores a 400 mm e temperatura m?dia anual de 28?C. Para a elabora??o do mapa de cobertura vegetal foram utilizadas as imagens TM/Landsat- 5, especificamente, a composi??o colorida 5R4G3B, mais utilizada para mapeamento do uso do solo. Este mapa foi confeccionado pela Classifica??o Supervisonada por M?xima Verossimilhan?a. A legenda corresponde aos seguintes alvos: vegeta??o de caatinga densa e esparsa; vegeta??o ciliar e solo exposto. Os par?metros biof?sicos utilizados do sensor MODIS foram: emissividade, albedo e ?ndice de Vegeta??o por Diferen?a Normalizada (NDVI). Os programas computacionais de geoprocessamento utilizados foram o Modis Reprojections Tools e o Sistema de Processamento de Informa??es Georreferenciadas (SPRING), no qual foi montado e trabalhado o banco de informa??es dos sensores MODIS e TM e o software ArcGIS para a confec??o de cartas mais customiz?veis. Inicialmente, avaliou o comportamento da vegeta??o pela emissividade por meio da adapta??o da equa??o de Bastiaanssen sobre o NDVI para espacializar a emissividade e observar as altera??es durante o ano de 2006. O albedo foi utilizado para visualizar o seu percentual de aumento nos per?odos de dezembro de 2003 e 2004. As imagens do sensor TM/Landsat usadas foram do m?s de dezembro de 2005, de acordo com a disponibilidade das imagens e no per?odo de menor emissividade. Para estas aplica??es foram feitos programas em Linguagem Espacial para Geoprocessamento Alg?brico (LEGAL), que ? uma rotina de programa??o do SPRING, a qual permite realizar v?rios tipos de ?lgebras de dados e mapas espaciais. Para a detec??o de ?reas suscept?veis ao processo de degrada??o ambiental levou-se em considera??o o comportamento da emissividade da caatinga que se mostrou sazonal coincidindo com o per?odo chuvoso atingindo o m?ximo de emissividade nos meses de abril a julho e nos restantes dos meses uma baixa emissividade. Com as imagens do albedo de dezembro de 2003 e 2004, foi verificado o seu aumento percentual, o que possibilitou a gera??o de duas classes distintas: ?reas com aumento da varia??o percentual de 1 a 11,6% e ?reas com varia??o percentual inferior a 1% do albedo. A partir da? foi poss?vel gerar o mapa de susceptibilidade ? degrada??o ambiental, com o cruzamento da classe de solo exposto com a varia??o percentual do albedo, resultando em classes susceptibilidade ? degrada??o ambiental
13

A percep??o da desertifica??o e da mudan?a na paisagem no munic?pio de Parelhas/RN / The perception of desertification and change in the landscape in the city of Parelhas/RN

Ara?jo, Jane Azevedo de 29 August 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-09T23:07:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JaneAzevedoDeAraujo_TESE.pdf: 3701615 bytes, checksum: b82d98bec5dae84828bd4834307f582f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-14T00:29:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JaneAzevedoDeAraujo_TESE.pdf: 3701615 bytes, checksum: b82d98bec5dae84828bd4834307f582f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-14T00:29:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JaneAzevedoDeAraujo_TESE.pdf: 3701615 bytes, checksum: b82d98bec5dae84828bd4834307f582f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / A inter-rela??o sociedade/natureza ocasiona mudan?as ao meio ambiente. Essas mudan?as ocorrem por meio do trabalho do homem, que utiliza os recursos naturais, em prol do seu desenvolvimento. Por essa raz?o, a sociedade, tem a capacidade construir e reconstruir os lugares onde vive, deixando registradas na paisagem as transforma??es ocorridas. A paisagem ? modificada ao longo dos anos, e o homem ? fundamental para esse processo, pois al?m de ser o autor das mudan?as, consegue descrev?-las atrav?s da percep??o que tem de um mesmo lugar, seja referente ao passado ou ao presente. O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa foi compreender a percep??o dos moradores do munic?pio de Parelhas/RN em rela??o ? desertifica??o e ? mudan?a na paisagem. A pesquisa foi realizada na ?rea urbana e em tr?s comunidades rurais ? Juazeiro, Cachoeira e Cobra. Foram aplicados 26 formul?rios com os empres?rios, gerentes e/ou respons?veis pelas cer?micas e 176 com parte da popula??o urbana (102) e nas comunidades rurais, Juazeiro, Cachoeira e Cobra (74). Os m?todos estat?sticos utilizados para a an?lise dos dados foram Qui-quadrado de Person (??), o teste de Fisher e a An?lise de Correspond?ncia. Para a descri??o dos dados sociais dos respondentes, elaboraram-se tabelas de conting?ncia e quadros. Os resultados mostraram que a ind?stria de cer?mica existe no munic?pio desde meados da d?cada de 1980. Os produtos fabricados pelas ind?strias s?o telhas, tijolos, lajotas, casquilhos, blocos e manilhas, sendo a telha o artefato mais produzido. A principal fonte energ?tica utilizada pelas cer?micas ? a lenha, e 73% ainda fazem uso exclusivamente da lenha. A retirada sem t?cnica da vegeta??o deixa ?reas desnudas e solos expostos a eros?o, contribuindo para aumentar a susceptibilidade ao fen?meno da desertifica??o no munic?pio. A an?lise comparativa da percep??o dos moradores da zona rural e urbana sobre desertifica??o mostrou que a maioria dos respondentes j? ouviu falar a respeito do tema; no entanto, as pessoas que residem na cidade (79,41%) ouviram falar mais do que as que moram na zona rural (52,70%). Dentre as alternativas sobre os causadores do processo de desertifica??o no munic?pio, a atividade ceramista foi a mais indicada. Acredita-se que essa escolha esteja relacionada com o alto consumo dos recursos naturais locais (lenha, argila e ?gua) que a atividade demanda na fabrica??o de seus produtos. Os resultados da percep??o sobre mudan?a na paisagem dos moradores das comunidades rurais Juazeiro, Cachoeira e Cobra, mostraram que a maioria percebe mudan?a da paisagem local. Do mesmo modo, mudan?as na vegeta??o, no solo e nas pastagens foram relatadas. Aqueles na faixa et?ria de 25 a 59 anos foram os que mais perceberam mudan?as na paisagem. Os respondestes que estudaram at? o Ensino Fundamental foram os que menos perceberam a mudan?a na paisagem, enquanto aqueles com ensino m?dio completo/incompleto e ensino superior completo/incompleto foram os que mais perceberam mudan?as na paisagem. Esses resultados podem servir de subs?dio ? defini??o de pol?ticas p?blicas a serem implementadas no semi?rido do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, sob a ?tica da conserva??o dos recursos naturais, em uma ?rea suscet?vel ao fen?meno da desertifica??o. Sugest?es de a??es s?o apresentadas. / The interrelation society/nature causes changes to the environment. These changes occur through the work of man, which uses natural resources, to support his development. For that reason, the society has the ability to build and rebuild the places where lives, leaving registered on the landscape the changes occurred. The landscape is modified over the years, and the man is critical to this process because, in addition to being the author of the alterations can describe them through the perception from a same place, either from the past or from the present. The general objective of this research was to understand the perception of the residents of the city of Parelhas/RN in relation to desertification and to the change in the landscape. The survey was conducted in the urban area and in three rural communities-Juazeiro, Cachoeira and Cobra. Twenty-six forms were applied with the entrepreneurs, managers and/or responsible for ceramics and 176 with part of the urban population (102) and in rural communities Juazeiro, Cachoeira and Cobra (74). Statistical methods used for data analysis were Person Chi-square (??), the Fisher test and correlation analysis. To describe the social data of the respondents, contingency tables and data frames were prepared. The results showed that the ceramic industry exists in the city since the mid-1980. The products manufactured by the industries are roofing tiles, bricks, tiles, bushings, blocks and shackles, being tile the most produced artifact. The main energy source used for ceramics is the firewood, and 73% still make exclusively use of wood. The withdrawal of vegetation without any technique leaves bare areas and exposed soils to erosion, contributing to increase the susceptibility to the phenomenon of desertification in the municipality. The comparative analysis of the perception of the residents of the rural and urban area on desertification, showed that most respondents have heard on the subject; however, the people living in the city (79,41%) have heard more than those who live in the rural area (52,70%). Among the alternatives on the causes of desertification in the municipality, the ceramic industry was the most indicated activity. It is believed that this choice is related to the high consumption of the local natural resources (wood, clay and water) that this activity demands in manufacturing their products. The results of the perception of change in the landscape of the inhabitants of the rural communities Juazeiro, Cachoeira and Cobra, showed that most of them noticed changes in the local landscape. Likewise, changes in vegetation, soil and grassland have been reported. Those aged 25 to 59 years were the ones who most noticed changes in the landscape. The ones who studied until elementary school were the ones that least realized the modifications in landscape, while those with complete/incomplete secondary education and complete/incomplete higher education were the ones that most noticed changes in the landscape. These results can serve as a subsidy to the definition of public policies to be implemented in semi-arid of Rio Grande do Norte State, from the perspective of conservation of natural resources, in an area susceptible to the phenomenon of desertification. Suggestions of actions are presented.

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