Die fortschreitende Urbanisierung resultiert in zunehmenden Mobilitätsbedürfnissen und infrastrukturellen Herausforderungen für Städte und ländliche Räume. Auf Basis dessen sind Überlegungen entstanden, die das bestehende Mobilitäts- und Transportsystem in Richtung des Luftraums erweitern wollen, was unter der Begrifflichkeit Advanced Air Mobility zusammengefasst werden kann. Dabei werden elektrisch betriebene, senkrecht start- und landende (eVTOL-)Fluggeräte für die Personenbeförderung vorgesehen. Die bevorstehende Integration derartiger Fluggeräte erfordert Infrastrukturen in urbanen und ruralen Gebieten, welche die Schnittstelle zwischen der Land- und Luftseite bilden, analog zu Flughäfen der konventionellen Luftfahrt. Aufgrund fehlender praktischer Erfahrungswerte hinsichtlich operationeller Fähigkeiten der Fluggeräte, betrieblicher Anforderungen der benötigten Bodeninfrastruktur, des Umfangs eines möglichen Flugtaxibetriebs und resultierender Netzwerkgestaltung werden diese spezifischen Herausforderungen innerhalb dieser Arbeit analysiert. Die Netzwerkentwicklung basiert auf drei verschiedenen Datengrundlagen (Verkehrs-/Mobilitätsdaten, bestehende Verkehrsinfrastrukturen in Sachsen und kombinierte Betrachtung von Verkehrs-/Mobilitätsdaten im Kontext bestehender Infrastrukturen), die in jeweils eigenständige Nachfrageschätzungen überführt werden. Die resultierenden Erkenntnisse fließen innerhalb eines p-Hub Single Allocation Problems zusammen, so dass unterschiedliche Netzwerkentwürfe am Beispiel Sachsen in Abhängigkeit der geschätzten Passagierströme entstehen. Für diese Netzwerke werden zukünftige Einsatzmöglichkeiten der genannten Fluggeräte auf Basis bestimmter Energiebedarfe je Netzwerkkante diskutiert. Abschließend erfolgt eine Schätzung maximaler Reichweiten für die Kategorien Vectored Thrust, Lift & Cruise und Multicopter in Abhängigkeit zu Abfluggewichten (Auslastung), vertikalen Verweildauern der Fluggeräte und möglichen spezifischen Energiedichten der Batterieeinheiten in den Fluggeräten. Diese Arbeit liefert erste nachvollziehbare Erkenntnisse zur Vorbereitung eines zukünftigen Flugtaxibetriebs und thematisiert durch die Berücksichtigung von bereits versiegelten (Verkehrs-)Flächen gleichzeitig eine möglichst bedarfs- und stadtgerechte Integration dieses neuen Verkehrsträgers in bestehende Mobilitätssysteme. / The advancing process of urbanization leads to increasing mobility demands and infrastructural challenges for both urban and rural areas. Consequently, considerations have emerged to expand the existing mobility and transportation system towards the airspace, encapsulated under the term Ädvanced Air Mobility'(AAM). This involves the provision of electrically powered, vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft for passenger transportation. The forthcoming integration of such aircraft necessitates infrastructures in urban and rural areas, serving as the interface between the land and air domains, akin to airports in conventional aviation. Due to the lack of practical experience regarding the operational capabilities of these aircraft, operational requirements of the necessary ground infrastructure, the scale of potential air taxi operations, and resulting network design, these specific challenges are analyzed within this study. The network development relies on three different sets of data (traffic/mobility data, existing transportation infrastructures in Saxony, and combined analysis of traffic/mobility data in the context of existing infrastructures), each translated into independent demand estimations. The resulting insights are synthesized within a p-Hub Single Allocation Problem framework, generating various network designs for the case of Saxony depending on estimated passenger flows. For these networks, future applications of the mentioned aircraft are discussed based on specific energy requirements per network edge. Finally, maximum range estimations are provided for Vectored Thrust, Lift & Cruise, and Multicopter categories, depending on takeoff weights (occupancy), vertical dwell times of the aircraft, and potential specific energy densities of battery units in the aircraft. This study delivers initial comprehensible insights to prepare for future air taxi operations, simultaneously addressing, through the consideration of already sealed (transport) areas, the most demand- and city-appropriate integration of this new mode of transportation into existing mobility systems.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaPolicarpoGarcia_Thesis.pdf: 958535 bytes, checksum: 84209a77fa603c2832a2d5d4cf548eae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-21 / This thesis takes advantage of a wave of mergers and acquisitions in the Brazilian higher education industry to provide evidence on the potential effects of conglomerate mergers, particularly market extension mergers. The first chapter is devoted to assess the effects of such mergers on tuition fees, enrollment rate and quality indicators. The richness of the dataset allows to disentangle the effects of conglomerate mergers and horizontal mergers, showing that both types of mergers impact acquired institutions, but in different ways. The second chapter evaluates the effects of the ownership changes on the labor market of professors, focusing on wages, total number of faculty, workload and the likelihood of contract termination after the acquisition. The last chapter analyzes the determinants of choice in higher education, focusing on estimating to which extent educational groups and brand names influence the choice of potential students. Results show that conglomerate mergers raise efficiency on acquired units and the gains may be partially shared with students, in the form of an increased number of freshmen, and professors, by means of higher wages. These efficiences may come through higher student-faculty ratios, standardized courseware between the units of the group, extensive use of online content in substitution to in-class activities and the centralization of the management and financial activities in a shared services center. Educational groups attract a great number of potential students and have an important role in increasing access to higher education. The ability to recruit potential students may come from international network benefits, attractive prices, funding availability, better quality indexes and brand awareness. Importantly, each educational group has its own strategy when combining these elements and not all of them must be present. The results also highlight the role of government and regulatory constraints in the sector. The first and most obvious consequence is the high number of mergers and acquisitions that took place to avoid the requirements to entry organically in local markets. Second, the availability of public student loans greatly determines the access to higher education. Third, as the students' willingness to pay for higher quality programs is low, the educational groups closely follow the minimum requirements for the quality indexes. / Esta tese explora uma onda de fusões e aquisições no setor de ensino superior brasileiro para fornecer evidências sobre os efeitos potenciais de fusões de conglomerados, particularmente fusões de extensão de mercado. O primeiro capítulo é dedicado a avaliar os efeitos de tais fusões sobre as mensalidades, número de ingressantes e indicadores de qualidade. A riqueza dos dados permite separar os efeitos de fusões conglomeradas e fusões horizontais, mostrando que os dois tipos de fusões afetam as instituições adquiridas de maneiras diferentes. O segundo capítulo avalia os efeitos das mudanças de propriedade no mercado de trabalho dos professores, com foco nos efeitos sobre salários, número total de docentes, carga de trabalho e probabilidade de rescisão contratual. O último capítulo analisa os determinantes da escolha no ensino superior, estimando em que medida os grupos educacionais e suas marcas influenciam a escolha de potenciais alunos. Os resultados mostram que fusões de conglomerados aumentam a eficiência das unidades adquiridas e os ganhos ser parcialmente compartilhados com os estudantes, na forma de um número maior de ingressantes, e professores, por meio de salários mais altos. Essas eficiências podem ser obtidas por meio de um maior número de alunos por professor, material didático padronizado entre as unidades do grupo educacional, uso extensivo de conteúdo on-line em substituição a atividades em sala de aula e centralização das atividades administrativas e financeiras em um centro de serviços compartilhados. Grupos educacionais atraem um grande número de estudantes e têm papel importante no aumento do acesso ao ensino superior. A capacidade de recrutar potenciais alunos pode vir dos benefícios provenientes da rede internacional, preços atrativos, disponibilidade de financiamento, melhores índices de qualidade e reconhecimento da marca. Cada grupo educacional tem sua própria estratégia ao combinar esses elementos e nem todos devem estar presentes. Os resultados destacam o papel da regulação no setor. A primeira e mais óbvia consequência é o elevado número de fusões e aquisições que ocorreram para evitar as barreiras regulatórias à entrada orgânica nos mercados locais. Em segundo lugar, a disponibilidade de financiamento estudantil público determina grande parte do acesso ao ensino superior. Terceiro, como a disposição à pagar por programas de maior qualidade é baixa, os grupos educacionais seguem de perto os requisitos mínimos exigidos para os índices de qualidade.

近期關於組織目標的研究指出，傳統以營利為目的的公司，隨著政府與大眾對於社會議題的日益關注而開始履行企業社會責任；另一方面，傳統以解決社會問題為目的的非營利組織，為了處理資金問題而開始從事營利行為。因為營利與非營利組織的分界開始模糊，各種混合型態的組織跟著出現，構成了一個組織目標的光譜。然而，這個概念上的目標光譜並不容易呈現，目前針對社會價值的創造(Social Value Creation，簡稱SVC)在量化上的分析成果亦有限。本研究從產業經濟學的混合寡占理論出發，提出一個「SVC投資市場」以衡量組織對於社會價值的重視程度，並使用觀察到的資料描繪出SVC投資市場中的需求。再透過組織目標函數的設定以及在市場中競爭的結果，推估組織考量社會價值的比重，找出組織在目標光譜中的位置。本研究針對台灣上市公司的企業社會責任報告書資料以及財報資料進行分析後發現，目前台灣上市公司的消費者並不太重視公司的SVC活動。政府若欲提升公司對於SVC的重視程度，可以嘗試藉由改變消費者的購買決策來影響公司的目標決策。