Proefschrift--Leiden. / "Alphabetische lijst van afkortingen der bronnen": p.[274] 278.

Proefschrift--Leiden. / "Alphabetische lijst van afkortingen der bronnen": p.[274] 278.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006.

There has been much interest in assessing whether elections conform to an established standard of practice, especially in emerging democracies in the Balkans, the former Soviet Bloc, Africa, Asia, but more recently in established democracies such as the United States. Indeed, the conduct of many elections is routinely evaluated by observers from international and regional bodies and domestic and international non-governmental organisations.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, June, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral). / Includes bibliographical references (p. 761-808).

Thesis (M.A. (Philosophy))--Rhodes University, 2005. / "A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the department of Philosophy" -T.p.

In this thesis, I address two issues. First, I reject the supposed conflict between international law and constitutional democracy. And second, I explore the role of international law in domestic constitutional law, particularly in Canada. In order to address both of these issues, I draw an analogy between the “Incompatibilist” critiques of international law and constitutional democracy, and the arguments against judicial review made by “the Critics” that Waluchow responds to in his book, A Common Law Theory of Judicial Review: the Living Tree. I argue that both the Incompatibilists and the Critics describe in-principle problems, structural problems, and decision-making problems in their respective critiques. The Incompatibilists are describing these problems in the context of the interaction between international law and constitutional democracies, while the Critics are focusing on constitutional judicial review, but I argue that the theory Waluchow presents as an answer to the Critics can also be directly applied to the Incompatibilists. Waluchow’s theory of common law judicial review and the community’s constitutional morality gives support and democratic legitimacy to judicial review in a domestic constitutional context. By applying his reasoning to cases involving international norms, I address problems in domestic courts’ application of international law and the democratic challenges they face. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Submitted by Regina Correa (rehecorrea@gmail.com) on 2016-09-26T19:45:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseEFFM.pdf: 1090004 bytes, checksum: be89a226e60ed81d711e6ff2a01bd5f3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T19:30:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseEFFM.pdf: 1090004 bytes, checksum: be89a226e60ed81d711e6ff2a01bd5f3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T19:30:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseEFFM.pdf: 1090004 bytes, checksum: be89a226e60ed81d711e6ff2a01bd5f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T19:30:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseEFFM.pdf: 1090004 bytes, checksum: be89a226e60ed81d711e6ff2a01bd5f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This thesis addresses the democratic will-formation as an educational principle from Habermas’s philosophy. The theoretical and exploratory path followed by Habermas shows the theoretical feasibility of the proposition that underpins the thesis. Therefore, we present the law category as intermediation between the system and the world of life. The building of opinion and will-formation is rooted in the democratic procedure of discursive law that underlies the communicative freedom process. This is explained by the mediating processes of social communications, in which free citizens, committed to the political and public will-formation, are involved. Habermas proposes the formation of a modern society from the idea of a theory of the social communication of law, as an analysis of democratic and educational practices. In Habermas’s “Communicative acting theory”, published in 1981, the category "system" is characterized by an action of the strategic-instrumental type and the category "world of life", by the symbolic, intuitive and reconstructive production, in which the law plays a crucial role in social integration. In his work “Law and democracy: between facticity and validity”, written in 1992, discursive law constitutes a possibility of intermediation between the system and the world of life, as it works as an integrating element of the democratic society. The communication of a social freedom between citizens willing to act without coercion is an alternative to a free and emancipatory formation in education. Deliberative politics is legitimate in the discursive law, which is grounded on a broad process of democratic will-formation, which is dealt here as an educational principle mandatory for democratic societies establishing. / Esta tese aborda o tema da formação da vontade democrática como princípio educativo, a partir do pensamento de Jürgen Habermas. O percurso teórico-investigativo trilhado por Habermas evidencia a viabilidade teórica da proposição que fundamenta a tese. Para tanto, elencamos a categoria direito como mediação entre o sistema e o mundo da vida. A construção da formação da opinião e da vontade está alicerçada no procedimento democrático do direito discursivo que fundamenta o processo de liberdade comunicativa. Isto se explica pelos processos mediadores de comunicação social dos quais participam os cidadãos livres e comprometidos com a formação da vontade pública política. Habermas propõe a formação de uma sociedade moderna a partir da ideia de uma teoria da comunicação social do direito, enquanto análise das práticas democráticas e educativas. Na obra teoria do agir comunicativo, publicada em 1981, a categoria “sistema” é caracterizada por uma ação do tipo estratégico-instrumental e a categoria “mundo da vida” pela produção simbólica, intuitiva e reconstrutiva, do qual o direito assume uma função indispensável na integração social. Na obra direito e democracia: entre facticidade e validade, de 1992, o direito discursivo se constitui como uma possibilidade de mediação entre o sistema e o mundo da vida, pois este funciona como elemento integrador da sociedade democrática. A comunicação de uma liberdade social entre cidadãos dispostos a agir sem coação é uma alternativa para a formação livre e emancipatória na educação. A política deliberativa encontra legitimação no direito discursivo, que se fundamenta no processo amplo de formação da vontade democrática, e que denominamos aqui como um princípio educativo necessário para a constituição das sociedades democráticas.

Le référendum d’initiative populaire est souvent mentionné dans les réformes envisageables pour répondre à la « crise de la représentation ». Régulièrement utilisée dans quelques États occidentaux dont le régime est par ailleurs représentatif, cette procédure est donc assez bien connue. Pour autant, elle n’existe toujours pas en droit interne, et la tentative d’instauration envisagée lors de la révision constitutionnelle de 2008 s’est soldée par un échec puisqu’elle n’a abouti qu’à l’introduction d’un nouveau référendum « d’en haut ». L’objet de la thèse est de prendre au sérieux la question de l’incorporation d’un processus d’initiative populaire dans l’ordonnancement constitutionnel de la Ve République. Pour ce faire, elle vise à établir une proposition qui pourrait servir de modèle, au sens où elle serait susceptible d’inspirer une éventuelle intégration. Une telle démarche permet de mettre en évidence les interrogations que peut soulever l’introduction d’une telle procédure dans nos institutions et, en s’efforçant d’y répondre, de souligner qu’elles peuvent être résolues. Evidemment, la proposition ne fonctionne que dans les limites de l’hypothèse qui en fournit le cadre. Pour qu’elle conserve malgré tout son intérêt, elle est établie à partir du droit positif. Le droit interne fournit l’essentiel de la substance, il soutient l’ossature de toutes les hypothèses retenues et ce quel que soit le degré de transformation dont il fait l’objet. Le droit étranger permet les alternatives, les atténuations et les créations. La démarche peut contribuer à conférer un certain réalisme au résultat obtenu, et se présente comme un facteur de sa cohérence. La circonstance qu’elle ait été possible appuie le postulat général de la thèse selon lequel la transposition du droit existant à l’encadrement de l’initiative populaire favorise son institutionnalisation. / Popular initiative is often mentioned as one of the potential answers of the “crisis” of representative democracy. Frequently used in some western states even though their political regime is representative democracy, the initiative process is consequently well-known. Such initiative process does not exist already in french constitutionnal law, and the last attempt was a failure since it came down to the implementation of a top-down procedure. The purpose of this thesis relates to the instauration of an initiative process in the french constitution. As a postulate, it allows to establish a proposal which could be used as a model, an inspiration source for a potential real instauration. Such approach makes possible to highlight all the questions marks that an introduction of a popular initiative may arise. Trying to answer those questions, we may enlighten the fact that it could be resolved. Obviously, the proposal operates only in the limits of the assumption that it is at its origin. In order to keep its interest, it is going to be based on the positive law. The internal law gives to the proposal its basis, the others coutries’s law is used to adapt the intern law to the initiative’s own dynamic. This method may help to hold the proposal into a realistic framework. The fact that it is possible to follow this path accentuates the value of the general postulate on which the thesis relies.