The SANDF organization is divided into four arms of services i.e. SA Army (South African Army), SAAF (South African Air Force), SAMHS (South African Health Military Services), and the SA NAVY (South African Navy). SANDF soldiers have volunteered to work in these four arms of the services. SANDF soldiers are mandated to deploy (either internally or externally) as part of their professional duty and to attend military courses (short and long courses) for promotional purposes in training units. Since the duration of deployments are six months or longer, some of the soldiers are unable to cope with separation from their spouses and they decide to have extra-marital affairs. Some of those who attend long courses also end up having extra-marital affairs. Chaplains who are deployed and those who are working in training units always experience these illicit immoralities that are taking place amongst SANDF soldiers. These illicit immoralities are posing a great challenge and threat to many good marriages of SANDF soldiers. This practice of extra-marital affairs caused some of the soldiers to divorce their spouses. Some of the soldiers’ spouses also divorced their husbands because they could not cope with long periods of separations. The main aim of this study is to equip and guide chaplains to empower SANDF soldiers and their spouses. Chaplains who are equipped will be able to be proficient in their areas of responsibilities to sustain the marriages of the SANDF members. A soldier who has been empowered spiritually by his chaplain will be able to be resilient to work in diverse conditions and to make a sound ethical moral decision. He/she will also display a high standard of discipline during deployments and courses. He/she will remain a loyal and faithful asset of the SANDF organization as well as his/her family. / PhD (Pastoral Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The SANDF organization is divided into four arms of services i.e. SA Army (South African Army), SAAF (South African Air Force), SAMHS (South African Health Military Services), and the SA NAVY (South African Navy). SANDF soldiers have volunteered to work in these four arms of the services. SANDF soldiers are mandated to deploy (either internally or externally) as part of their professional duty and to attend military courses (short and long courses) for promotional purposes in training units. Since the duration of deployments are six months or longer, some of the soldiers are unable to cope with separation from their spouses and they decide to have extra-marital affairs. Some of those who attend long courses also end up having extra-marital affairs. Chaplains who are deployed and those who are working in training units always experience these illicit immoralities that are taking place amongst SANDF soldiers. These illicit immoralities are posing a great challenge and threat to many good marriages of SANDF soldiers. This practice of extra-marital affairs caused some of the soldiers to divorce their spouses. Some of the soldiers’ spouses also divorced their husbands because they could not cope with long periods of separations. The main aim of this study is to equip and guide chaplains to empower SANDF soldiers and their spouses. Chaplains who are equipped will be able to be proficient in their areas of responsibilities to sustain the marriages of the SANDF members. A soldier who has been empowered spiritually by his chaplain will be able to be resilient to work in diverse conditions and to make a sound ethical moral decision. He/she will also display a high standard of discipline during deployments and courses. He/she will remain a loyal and faithful asset of the SANDF organization as well as his/her family. / PhD (Pastoral Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This thesis contains and deals with chapters on research methodology on psychological trauma in a single Baptist Congregation. This is the trauma of untold stories of individual church members through conflict, division and split. The author will also in his final analysis evaluate the psychological, pastoral counseling methods applied, care and healing of the clients of Ayeton Baptist church in Pretoria. Those who are deeply affected by emotional hurting actions are members towards other members including the executive and the pastor. C.V. Gerkin’s book on An Introduction to Pastoral Care and A,V Campbell on Rediscovery of Pastoral Care could be of great help on pastoral counselors, as well as in caring for the flock of God. The design will be as follows: <ul> <li>a. Methods used in the study</li> <li>b. Skills</li> <li>c. Essential elements</li> <li>d. Human needs</li> </ul> J Jeffrey Means in Trauma and Evil (2000:129) says: “We are hurt by other people and we depend on others for healing” quoting Carroll Wise saying: “The crucial fact of life is this: we are hurt by other persons, we are made sick through our relationships with other persons, and we are cured through other persons. The healing process is partly a process that affects relationship” (Means 1998:211). Women’s on reflection of forgiveness (2008:1) says, “In the cause of human relationships, it is virtually impossible to avoid hurting others and being hurt by them”. This assumption that forgiveness is beneficial to individual and relationships, even when it is not stated explicitly, it is implicitly in much of the research investigating its correlates, antecedents, determents, and consequences. While others have argued that forgiveness may be beneficial to mental and physical health of individuals (e.g., Mauger et al; 1992; McCullough 2000) <ul> <li>All stories told by clients were out of their hearts’ will; voluntarily and also out of their very own languages without prejudice.</li> <li>Such stories as related by members were in most sensitive and heart breaking</li> <li>Some of the clients told their stories inter related to some, whereas some were independent as well as individual</li> <li>Stories told, by clients, are as Means (2000) say that stories are that of individual telling someone to know him or her as he or she is about.</li> <li>Stories revealing dangerous and harmful people to others are found </li> <li>Sad stories on divorce are also told as Ruben Benjamin Kitchen (2008:66) says, 4.4.7 Dilemmas facing the church. “If the church wants to address the pain of evil in the world effectually, it must address the issues as described interrelation ally, the untouchables with theology of involvement. According to Means, this will include the following three areas: (1) “The vitality and life of the church: (2) The extent to which the church will be a place that offers care and support to those who have being hurt by violence and abuse (divorce), and (3) The extent to which the church will offer an environment of healing for those elements within people that set them up to interact with others in hurtful ways” (2000:179).</li></ul> / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

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Considéré comme une étape, un rite de passage incontournable dans les discours sociaux, le mariage en Inde est d'autant plus capital qu'il remplit une fonction de protection sociale par les réseaux de parenté qu'il génère. Dans sa fonction de légitimation, il est assujetti à des évolutions et devient le reflet de conflits sociaux, de rapports malaisés entre les communautés et l’État. La question de la mixité matrimoniale renvoie à celle des appartenances, à la mise en frontières entre un « nous » et un « non-nous ». Même s'ils sont montrés comme étant différents, déviants, transgressifs par rapport à la norme endogame, les mariages mixtes en Inde (comme ailleurs) ont toujours existé. Cette recherche présente une analyse croisée entre les discours instituants sur les mariages en Inde et les récits de mariages recueillis lors d'entretiens menés sur le terrain. Comment est-ce que la norme endogame émerge dans les discours ? Est-ce que tous les couples mixtes sont confrontés à l'opposition parentale ? Comment les locuteurs désignent-ils leur propre mariage ? À quelles catégorisations ont-ils recours pour se désigner et pour se distinguer des autres ? À quelle(s) adaptation(s) se livrent les époux dans les mariages mixtes ? Quels choix émergent comme importants dans la vie du couple et du point de vue de leurs enfants ? Ce sont quelques-unes des questions auxquelles cette recherche tente d'apporter des réponses. / Marriage in India is considered as a stage of life and a mandatory rite of passage in social discourses. It is of capital importance also because it provides for a form of social security through the kinship network that it generates. In its legitimating role, it is subject to evolution and reflects social conflicts between communities and the State. The question of mixed marriages refers to that of belonging and that of drawing borders between “us” and “non-us”. Even though they are portrayed as being different, deviant, transgressive of the endogamous norm, mixed marriages in India (as elsewhere) have always existed. This research presents a cross-analysis of the instituting discourses on marriages in India and the narratives of marriages collected during fieldwork. How does the norm of endogamy emerge in discourses? Do all mixed couples face parental opposition? How do the speakers name their own marriage? Which categorisations do they use toidentify and to distinguish themselves from others? What kind of adjustments do the spouses undertake in mixed marriages? Which choices emerge as being important in their conjugal life and from the point of view of their children? These are some of the questions which this study tries to address.

This dissertation examines the attitudes of people regarding the worship music that is being used in South African Protestant churches during the last decade of the twentieth century. The research is aimed at the man-in-the-pew to identify general trends across a variety of denominations. 4920 questionnaires were sent to 980 churches countrywide and completed anonymously. Questions are divided into three categories: personal information, church related, personal opinions. Every question has space for comments. Chapter one is a general discussion on people's opinions and attitudes and the aim and method used. Chapter two is an historical synopsis. Chapter three is an analysis of the questionnaire including hypotheses, graphs, results and comments. Chapter four, the conclusion, identifies general trends regarding formality and informality, choirs and music groups, background music, traditional versus contemporary, education and influence of leaders, the need for policies, use of media and instruments. Proposals are suggested. / Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology / M. Mus.

Students frequently hold an incorrect view of evolution. There are several potential barriers that prevent students from engaging evolutionary theory including lack of knowledge, limited scientific reasoning ability, and religiosity. Our research provides tools for overcoming barriers related to religiosity and diagnoses the barriers preventing students from fully engaging in learning the theory of evolution. This was a two-part study. The first part of our study addressed two hypothesized barriers to learning evolutionary theory among members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormon): (1) religious views stemming from incorrect understanding of the Church's neutral stance on evolution and (2) misunderstanding the theory of evolution. We measured the relationship between acceptance of evolution and knowledge of evolution, religiosity, and understanding of religious doctrine on evolution. Additionally, we measured the effect of including a discussion on religious doctrine in the classroom. Students in all sections, except for a control section, were taught a unit on evolution that included a discussion on the neutral LDS doctrine on evolution. Students enrolled in introductory biology for non-majors took pre, post, and longitudinal surveys on topics in evolution. We found significant relationships between knowledge, understanding of religious doctrine, and religiosity with acceptance of evolution. Additionally, an in-class discussion of he LDS doctrine on evolution helped students be more accepting of evolution. In the second part of our study, we studied a broader population to analyze differences in acceptance of evolution based on religious affiliation and religiosity. Our study focused on the interaction of five variables and their implication for evolution education: (1) religious commitment (2) religious views (3) knowledge of evolution (4) scientific reasoning ability and (5) acceptance of evolution. We measured each of these among equal samples of Southern Baptists, Catholics, Jews, and LDS populations and analyzed them with traditional statistics and structural equation modeling. Our findings showed that religious affiliation, religiosity and creationist views effected evolution acceptance, but not knowledge or scientific reasoning. These data provide compelling evidence that as students gain an accurate understanding of their religious doctrines and knowledge of evolution, they are more willing to accept the basic concepts of evolution. They also show diagnostic results that help educators better understand students' background and views. When educators better understand views that students hold, they are better able to design instruction for optimal learning.

This study has two main focus areas. Firstly, it attempts to construct a theological model or framework for Baptist denominationalism. In order to achieve this, the historical origins of Baptist denominationalism are noted, together with the main forms of denominational structures. The theological grounds for denominationalism from a Baptist perspective are set out to ensure that Baptist denominationalism is a legitimate pursuit. Historical Baptist distinctives and Baptist identity are investigated, critiqued and discussed from a theological point of view, and their implications for Baptist denominationalism noted. These implications are drawn together into a framework which is presented as key principles for consistent Baptist denominationalism. Secondly, the theological framework for consistent Baptist denominationalism is used to evaluate three Baptist denominational groupings in South Africa, namely, the Baptist Union of Southern Africa, Sola 5, and the Fellowship of Baptist Churches of South Africa. The objective of this evaluation is to establish whether the latter two groupings, being more recent, provide an improvement of Baptist denominationalism when compared to the longer established Baptist Union. In order to do this, the structures and functioning of each of the groupings are examined and critiqued. The findings of this study suggest that the Baptist Union of South Africa has a number of crucial weaknesses that are substantially improved in the structures and practices of Sola 5 and the Fellowship of Baptist Churches of South Africa. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Dogmatics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

This study has two main focus areas. Firstly, it attempts to construct a theological model or framework for Baptist denominationalism. In order to achieve this, the historical origins of Baptist denominationalism are noted, together with the main forms of denominational structures. The theological grounds for denominationalism from a Baptist perspective are set out to ensure that Baptist denominationalism is a legitimate pursuit. Historical Baptist distinctives and Baptist identity are investigated, critiqued and discussed from a theological point of view, and their implications for Baptist denominationalism noted. These implications are drawn together into a framework which is presented as key principles for consistent Baptist denominationalism. Secondly, the theological framework for consistent Baptist denominationalism is used to evaluate three Baptist denominational groupings in South Africa, namely, the Baptist Union of Southern Africa, Sola 5, and the Fellowship of Baptist Churches of South Africa. The objective of this evaluation is to establish whether the latter two groupings, being more recent, provide an improvement of Baptist denominationalism when compared to the longer established Baptist Union. In order to do this, the structures and functioning of each of the groupings are examined and critiqued. The findings of this study suggest that the Baptist Union of South Africa has a number of crucial weaknesses that are substantially improved in the structures and practices of Sola 5 and the Fellowship of Baptist Churches of South Africa. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Dogmatics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

O vinho possui uma composição química complexa que, além de água e etanol, contém grande variedade de substâncias orgânicas e inorgânicas. Esta composição é influenciada por diversos fatores correspondentes à área específica de produção, como características do solo, condições ambientais, cultivar da uva e o processo de elaboração do vinho. Assim, o estudo dos elementos minerais apresenta grande interesse, sendo utilizado, aliado a ferramentas de análise estatística multivariada, na diferenciação de vinhos de acordo com sua origem geográfica. Neste trabalho são apresentados dois estudos que caracterizaram e diferenciaram vinhos pela sua composição mineral. O primeiro teve por objetivo caracterizar e diferenciar vinhosbase (cvs. Chardonnay e Pinot Noir) provenientes da Serra do Nordeste e Serra do Sudeste do Rio Grande do Sul através de parâmetros físico-químicos e elementos minerais combinada com técnicas de análise multivariada. O segundo teve por objetivo caracterizar e diferenciar amostras de vinhos espumantes produzidos no Brasil, Argentina, Chile, Espanha e França a partir da composição mineral aliada a ferramentas de estatística multivariada. Os parâmetros físico-químicos foram avaliados por espectrofotometria no infravermelho e os elementos minerais por espectrometria de emissão ótica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-OES). Na caracterização e diferenciação dos vinhos-base os elementos encontrados em maiores concentrações foram o K, Mg e Ca, e em menores concentrações o Ba, Fe, Sr e Al. A Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) mostrou que há uma tendência natural de separação entre os vinhos-base da Serra do Nordeste e Serra do Sudeste. Através da Análise Discriminante (AD) obteve-se para os vinhos-base da cv. Chardonnay cinco descritores químicos (Mg, Ca, Mn, pH e grau alcoólico) e para a cv. Pinot Noir seis descritores (B, Mn, Fe, Na, pH, acidez volátil) com capacidade de distinguir as amostras de vinhos-base de acordo com a origem geográfica. Os elementos Mn e Mg parecem ser os elementos com maior capacidade de discriminação entre os vinhos-base da Serra do Nordeste e Serra do Sudeste. No trabalho de caracterização e diferenciação dos vinhos espumantes, em todas as amostras o elemento K foi encontrado em maiores concentrações, e em menores concentrações os elementos Ba, Cu e Li. A Análise de Agrupamento Hierárquico (AAH) e a ACP demonstraram que há uma tendência natural de separação entre os vinhos espumantes do Brasil e Argentina daqueles dos outros 3 países. Através do emprego da AD obteve-se uma correta classificação de 100, 95, 84, 90, e 83 % para os vinhos espumantes do Brasil, Argentina, Chile, França e Espanha, respectivamente. Os elementos Mn, Li, Sr e Mg foram encontrados como melhores descritores químicos para a discriminação dos vinhos espumantes destes cinco países. / Wine presents a complex chemical composition containing, besides water and ethanol, a large variety of organic and inorganic compounds. This composition is influenced by several factors concerning to specific production area such as soil characteristics, environmental conditions, grape cultivar and winemaking practices. The study of mineral elements presents high interest, being used, when analyzed by multivariate statistics, for wine differentiation according to its geographical origin. Two studies characterizing and differentiating wines by their mineral composition are presented in this work. First study aimed to characterize and differentiate base wines (cvs. Chardonnay and Pinot Noir) from Serra do Nordeste and Serra do Sudeste of Rio Grande do Sul by physicochemical parameters and mineral elements analysis followed by multivariate statistics. Second study aimed to characterize and differentiate samples of sparkling wines produced in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Spain and France by mineral composition analysis followed by multivariate statistics. Physicochemical parameters were evaluated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In characterizing and differentiating base wines, elements found in higher and lower concentrations were, respectively, K, Mg, Ca and Ba, Fe, Sr, Al. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that there is a natural separation tendency between wines from Serra do Nordeste and Serra do Sudeste. Five chemical descriptors were obtained by Discriminant Analysis (DA) for base wine from cv. Chardonnay (Mg, Ca, Mn, pH and alcohol) and six descriptors for base wine from cv, Pinot Noir (B, Mn, Fe, Na, pH and volatile acidity). These descriptors were capable of classify samples of base wines according to geographical origin. Mn and Mg elements seem to be the elements with higher discrimination capacity between base wines from Serra do Nordeste and Serra do Sudeste. In sparkling wines characterization and differentiation, element K was found in higher concentration in all samples and Ba, Cu and Li were found in lower concentrations. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and PCA showed that there is a natural separation tendency between sparkling wines from Brazil and Argentina and those from Chile, Spain and France. A classification of 100, 95, 84, 90 and 83 % was obtained by DA for sparkling wines produced in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, France and Spain, respectively. Elements Mn, Li, Sr and Mg were found as the best chemical descriptors for discriminating sparkling wines from these five countries.