Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A influência da dieta e da hereditariedade nas características dentofaciais foi avaliada através do exame de duas populações indígenas amazônicas divididas por um processo de fissão linear. Os indígenas que constituem a aldeia Arara-Iriri são descendentes de um único casal expulso da aldeia Arara-Laranjal. O crescimento da aldeia Iriri ocorreu pelo acasalamento de parentes próximos, ratificado por um alto coeficiente de consanguinidade (F=0,25, p<0,001). A epidemiologia da má oclusão e das características da face foi analisada nos indivíduos entre dois e 22 anos, das aldeias Iriri (n=46) e Laranjal (n=130). A biometria da dentição e da face foi obtida em 55 indígenas em dentição permanente sem perdas dentárias, através da fotogrametria facial e dos modelos de gesso. O desgaste dentário foi examinado em 126 indivíduos através da análise de regressão múltipla. Os resultados revelaram uma determinação significativa da idade no desgaste dos dentes (R2=87,6, p<0,0001), que se mostrou semelhante entre as aldeias (R2=0,027, p=0,0935). Por outro lado, diferenças marcantes foram observadas nas características dentofaciais. Revelou-se uma face mais vertical (dolicofacial) entre os índios Iriri e o predomínio do tipo braquifacial nos indígenas da aldeia original, corroborado pela fotogrametria. Uma face sagitalmente normal foi observada em 97,7% da aldeia Laranjal, enquanto faces convexas (26,1%, RR-16,96) e côncavas (15,2%, RR=19,78) eram mais prevalentes na aldeia Iriri (p<0,001). A biprotrusão, com consequente redução do ângulo nasolabial, era uma característica comum entre os Arara, porém com maior prevalência no grupo Iriri (RP=1,52, p=0,0002). A prevalência da má oclusão foi significativamente mais alta na aldeia Iriri (RP= 1,75, p=0,0007). A maioria da população da aldeia original (83,8%) apresentou uma relação normal entre os arcos dentários, contudo, na aldeia resultante (Iriri), 34,6% dos indivíduos era Classe III (RP=6,01, p<0,001) e 21,7% era Classe II (RP=2,02, p=0,05). Enquanto nenhum caso de apinhamento e de sobremordida foi observado na aldeia Iriri, a razão da prevalência era 2,64 vezes maior para a mordida aberta anterior (p=0,003), 2,83 vezes (p<0,001) para a mordida cruzada anterior, 3,93 (p=0,03) para a sobressaliência aumentada, e de 4,71 (p=0,02) para a mordida cruzada posterior. Observou-se uma alta prevalência das perdas dentárias, sem diferença entre as aldeias (RP=1,46, p=0,11). O exame dos modelos revelou uma tendência de incisivos maiores e pré-molares e caninos menores na aldeia Iriri, delineando uma semelhança na massa dentária total entre as aldeias, que, aliada a arcadas dentárias maiores, justificaram o menor índice de irregularidade dos incisivos entre esses indígenas. Esses resultados minimizam a influência do desgaste dentário, uma evidência direta de como um indivíduo se alimentou no passado, no desenvolvimento dentofacial e enfatizam o predomínio da hereditariedade, através da endogamia, na etiologia da variação anormal da oclusão dentária e da morfologia da face. / The influence of diet and genetics on dentofacial features was examined through the analysis of two split indigenous Amazon populations originated by a process of a linear fission. The Arara-Iriri indigenous are descendants of a single couple who were expelled from a larger village (Arara-Laranjal). In the resultant new village, the initial expansion occurred through the mating of closely related people, causing a high coefficient of inbreeding (F=0.25, p<0.001). The epidemiology of malocclusion and facial characteristics were analyzed in individuals aged from 2 to 22 years, from the Arara-Iriri (n=46) and Arara-Laranjal (n=130) villages. The biometric study of the dentition and face was performed in the permanent dentition of the indigenous without tooth loss (n=55) by facial photogrammetry and dental casts analysis. Tooth wear was examined in 126 individuals in the permanent dentition through multiple regression analysis. Findings pointed out a significant determination of age on tooth wear (R2=87.6, p<0.0001), which was similar between the villages (R2=0.027, p=0.0935). However, we found marked differences in the dentofacial morphology. The indigenous of the Iriri village presented a more vertical face (dolichofacial) compared to the people of the original village, predominantly braquifacial. This clinical data was corroborated by facial photogrammetry. A sagitally normal face was observed in 97.7% of the Laranjal village, while convex (26.1%, RR=16.96) and concave faces (15.2%, RR=19.78) were significantly more prevalent in the Iriri village (p<0.001). Biprotrusion, with consequent reduction of nasolabial angle, was a common feature among the Arara indigenous, but its occurrence in the Iriri village was higher (RP=1.52, p=0.0002). The prevalence of malocclusion was significantly higher in the Iriri population (RP=1.75, p=0.0007). While the majority of the population (83.8%) in the Laranjal village presented a normal Class I relationship, in the Iriri village 34.6% were Class III (RP=6.01, p<0.001) and 21.7% were class II (RP=2.02, p=0.05). No case of crowding and overbite was observed in the Iriri village, however the relative risk was 2.64 times greater for anterior open bite (p=0.003), 2.83 for anterior crossbite (p<0.001), 3.93 for increased overjet (p=0.03), and 4.71 times (p=0.02) for posterior crossbite. We observed a high prevalence of tooth loss, with no significant difference between the villages (RP=1.46, p=0.11). The dental cast analysis revealed larger incisors combined to smaller cuspids and bicuspids in the Iriri sample, causing an overall similarity in the total tooth size between the villages, which associated to larger dental arch dimensions, explained a decreased incisor irregularity in the Iriri indigenous. These findings mitigates the influence of tooth wear, a direct evidence of what an individual ate in the past, on dentofacial development and emphasize the role of heredity, through inbreeding, in the etiology of abnormal variation of dental occlusion and facial morphology of current human populations.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A influência da dieta e da hereditariedade nas características dentofaciais foi avaliada através do exame de duas populações indígenas amazônicas divididas por um processo de fissão linear. Os indígenas que constituem a aldeia Arara-Iriri são descendentes de um único casal expulso da aldeia Arara-Laranjal. O crescimento da aldeia Iriri ocorreu pelo acasalamento de parentes próximos, ratificado por um alto coeficiente de consanguinidade (F=0,25, p<0,001). A epidemiologia da má oclusão e das características da face foi analisada nos indivíduos entre dois e 22 anos, das aldeias Iriri (n=46) e Laranjal (n=130). A biometria da dentição e da face foi obtida em 55 indígenas em dentição permanente sem perdas dentárias, através da fotogrametria facial e dos modelos de gesso. O desgaste dentário foi examinado em 126 indivíduos através da análise de regressão múltipla. Os resultados revelaram uma determinação significativa da idade no desgaste dos dentes (R2=87,6, p<0,0001), que se mostrou semelhante entre as aldeias (R2=0,027, p=0,0935). Por outro lado, diferenças marcantes foram observadas nas características dentofaciais. Revelou-se uma face mais vertical (dolicofacial) entre os índios Iriri e o predomínio do tipo braquifacial nos indígenas da aldeia original, corroborado pela fotogrametria. Uma face sagitalmente normal foi observada em 97,7% da aldeia Laranjal, enquanto faces convexas (26,1%, RR-16,96) e côncavas (15,2%, RR=19,78) eram mais prevalentes na aldeia Iriri (p<0,001). A biprotrusão, com consequente redução do ângulo nasolabial, era uma característica comum entre os Arara, porém com maior prevalência no grupo Iriri (RP=1,52, p=0,0002). A prevalência da má oclusão foi significativamente mais alta na aldeia Iriri (RP= 1,75, p=0,0007). A maioria da população da aldeia original (83,8%) apresentou uma relação normal entre os arcos dentários, contudo, na aldeia resultante (Iriri), 34,6% dos indivíduos era Classe III (RP=6,01, p<0,001) e 21,7% era Classe II (RP=2,02, p=0,05). Enquanto nenhum caso de apinhamento e de sobremordida foi observado na aldeia Iriri, a razão da prevalência era 2,64 vezes maior para a mordida aberta anterior (p=0,003), 2,83 vezes (p<0,001) para a mordida cruzada anterior, 3,93 (p=0,03) para a sobressaliência aumentada, e de 4,71 (p=0,02) para a mordida cruzada posterior. Observou-se uma alta prevalência das perdas dentárias, sem diferença entre as aldeias (RP=1,46, p=0,11). O exame dos modelos revelou uma tendência de incisivos maiores e pré-molares e caninos menores na aldeia Iriri, delineando uma semelhança na massa dentária total entre as aldeias, que, aliada a arcadas dentárias maiores, justificaram o menor índice de irregularidade dos incisivos entre esses indígenas. Esses resultados minimizam a influência do desgaste dentário, uma evidência direta de como um indivíduo se alimentou no passado, no desenvolvimento dentofacial e enfatizam o predomínio da hereditariedade, através da endogamia, na etiologia da variação anormal da oclusão dentária e da morfologia da face. / The influence of diet and genetics on dentofacial features was examined through the analysis of two split indigenous Amazon populations originated by a process of a linear fission. The Arara-Iriri indigenous are descendants of a single couple who were expelled from a larger village (Arara-Laranjal). In the resultant new village, the initial expansion occurred through the mating of closely related people, causing a high coefficient of inbreeding (F=0.25, p<0.001). The epidemiology of malocclusion and facial characteristics were analyzed in individuals aged from 2 to 22 years, from the Arara-Iriri (n=46) and Arara-Laranjal (n=130) villages. The biometric study of the dentition and face was performed in the permanent dentition of the indigenous without tooth loss (n=55) by facial photogrammetry and dental casts analysis. Tooth wear was examined in 126 individuals in the permanent dentition through multiple regression analysis. Findings pointed out a significant determination of age on tooth wear (R2=87.6, p<0.0001), which was similar between the villages (R2=0.027, p=0.0935). However, we found marked differences in the dentofacial morphology. The indigenous of the Iriri village presented a more vertical face (dolichofacial) compared to the people of the original village, predominantly braquifacial. This clinical data was corroborated by facial photogrammetry. A sagitally normal face was observed in 97.7% of the Laranjal village, while convex (26.1%, RR=16.96) and concave faces (15.2%, RR=19.78) were significantly more prevalent in the Iriri village (p<0.001). Biprotrusion, with consequent reduction of nasolabial angle, was a common feature among the Arara indigenous, but its occurrence in the Iriri village was higher (RP=1.52, p=0.0002). The prevalence of malocclusion was significantly higher in the Iriri population (RP=1.75, p=0.0007). While the majority of the population (83.8%) in the Laranjal village presented a normal Class I relationship, in the Iriri village 34.6% were Class III (RP=6.01, p<0.001) and 21.7% were class II (RP=2.02, p=0.05). No case of crowding and overbite was observed in the Iriri village, however the relative risk was 2.64 times greater for anterior open bite (p=0.003), 2.83 for anterior crossbite (p<0.001), 3.93 for increased overjet (p=0.03), and 4.71 times (p=0.02) for posterior crossbite. We observed a high prevalence of tooth loss, with no significant difference between the villages (RP=1.46, p=0.11). The dental cast analysis revealed larger incisors combined to smaller cuspids and bicuspids in the Iriri sample, causing an overall similarity in the total tooth size between the villages, which associated to larger dental arch dimensions, explained a decreased incisor irregularity in the Iriri indigenous. These findings mitigates the influence of tooth wear, a direct evidence of what an individual ate in the past, on dentofacial development and emphasize the role of heredity, through inbreeding, in the etiology of abnormal variation of dental occlusion and facial morphology of current human populations.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito da odontoplastia sobre a digestibilidade aparente de dieta de equinos, o tempo de consumo e tamanho de partícula das fezes. Para isso, foram utilizados nove animais, machos e fêmeas, com idade média de 14,5&plusmn;3,3 anos e peso médio de 531&plusmn;38,7 Kg e desprovidos de odontoplastia previa. A dieta consistiu do oferecimento de 1,5% do peso vivo (PV) em volumoso (Feno de Tifton) e 0,75% do PV em concentrado multipartículas (Pro-Equi&reg; Lâminada) para ambos os ensaios. A dieta foi formulada para atender à exigência de animais em mantença. O experimento consistiu em dois ensaios de digestibilidade aparente, sendo o primeiro realizado antes da odontoplastia e o segundo após, onde paralelamente também foram avaliados o tempo de consumo do feno e do concentrado e análise do tamanho de partícula das fezes e dos alimentos. Para a realização da odontoplastia os animais foram alocados em tronco de contenção, e administrado 0,02 mg/Kg de cloridrato de detomidina. Para a determinação da digestibilidade aparente de fezes utilizou-se o método de colheita total por quatro dias consecutivos e dez dias de adaptação à dieta, totalizando 10 dias de período experimental. O tempo de consumo foi baseado na observação do tempo gasto para consumo de um quilograma de feno e de concentrado. Para a determinação do tamanho das partículas das fezes, foram utilizadas amostras de 250 g de fezes secas, colocadas em um agitador automático e foram utilizadas peneiras com malhas de 4,75; 4; 2,8; 1,4; 1 e fundo das peneiras, acopladas, com tempo de agitação de 10 minutos. Foi observado efeito (p&lt;0,05) da odontoplastia sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparentes da matéria seca (62,2%), matéria orgânica (64,3%), proteína bruta (75,4%), fibra em detergente neutro (53,4%), fibra em detergente ácido (43,7%) e hemicelulose (60,9%). Observou-se efeito do tempo de consumo para o concentrando, obtendo-se menor tempo de consumo após (17,33&plusmn;1,49 minutos), porém não foi observado efeito (p&gt;0,05) para o tempo de consumo do volumoso (1,11&plusmn;0,13 horas). Houve maior retenção (p&lt;0,05) das partículas das fezes nas peneiras de 4,75; 4,0 e 2,8, indicando maior tamanho das partículas após a odontoplastia. Não houve efeito (p&gt;0,05) sobre a cor e a consistência das fezes. A odontoplastia aumenta a digestibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta e o tamanho de partículas nas fezes, sem alterar as características de cor e consistência. Animais após o procedimento, apresentam menor tempo de consumo de concentrado. / The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the odontoplasty on apparent digestibility of equine diet, consumption time and faeces particle size. For this, nine animals were used, males and females, with aged of 14.5 &plusmn; 3.3 years and weighting 531 &plusmn; 38.7 kg, without previous odontoplasty. The diet consisted of 1.5% of live weight (LV) in forage (Tifton hay) and 0.75% of PV in multiparticulate concentrate (Pro-Equi&reg; Lámina) for both tests. The diet was formulated to meet the requirement of keeping animals. The experiment consisted of two apparent digestibility essays, the first one performed before the odontoplasty and the second after the procedure, where the comsumption time of hay and concentrate and faeces particle size were also evaluated. For the odontoplasty, the animals were allocated in a horse stock, and administered 0,02 mg/kg of detomidina. For the determination of the apparent digestibility of faeces, the total collection method was used for four consecutive days and ten days of adaptation to the diet, totaling 10 days of experimental period. The consumption time was based on the observation of the time spent to consume one kilogram of hay and concentrate. To determine the particle size of the faeces, samples of 250 g of dried faeces were placed on an automatic shaker and sieves with 4.75, 4, 2.8, 1.4, 1 mesh and bottom of the sieves were used coupled, with stirring time of 10 minutes. It was observed effect of odontoplasty on the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter (62.2%), organic matter (64.3%), crude protein (75.4%), neutral detergent fiber (53.4%), acid detergent fiber (43.7%) and hemicellulose (60.9%). There was an effect of the consumption time for the concentrate, obtaining a shorter consumption time after the odontoplasty (17.33 &plusmn; 1.49 minutes), but no effect (p&gt; 0.05) was observed for the consumption time of the forage (1.11 &plusmn; 0.13 hours). There was more retention (p&lt;0.05) of the faeces particles in the sieves of 4.75; 4.0 and 2.8, indicating a larger particle size after odontoplasty. There was no effect (p&gt;0.05) on color and faeces consistency. Odontoplasty increases dietary nutrient digestibility and particle size in feces without altering color and consistency characteristics. Animals after the procedure have a shorter concentrate consumption time.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito da odontoplastia sobre a digestibilidade aparente de dieta de equinos, o tempo de consumo e tamanho de partícula das fezes. Para isso, foram utilizados nove animais, machos e fêmeas, com idade média de 14,5&plusmn;3,3 anos e peso médio de 531&plusmn;38,7 Kg e desprovidos de odontoplastia previa. A dieta consistiu do oferecimento de 1,5% do peso vivo (PV) em volumoso (Feno de Tifton) e 0,75% do PV em concentrado multipartículas (Pro-Equi&reg; Lâminada) para ambos os ensaios. A dieta foi formulada para atender à exigência de animais em mantença. O experimento consistiu em dois ensaios de digestibilidade aparente, sendo o primeiro realizado antes da odontoplastia e o segundo após, onde paralelamente também foram avaliados o tempo de consumo do feno e do concentrado e análise do tamanho de partícula das fezes e dos alimentos. Para a realização da odontoplastia os animais foram alocados em tronco de contenção, e administrado 0,02 mg/Kg de cloridrato de detomidina. Para a determinação da digestibilidade aparente de fezes utilizou-se o método de colheita total por quatro dias consecutivos e dez dias de adaptação à dieta, totalizando 10 dias de período experimental. O tempo de consumo foi baseado na observação do tempo gasto para consumo de um quilograma de feno e de concentrado. Para a determinação do tamanho das partículas das fezes, foram utilizadas amostras de 250 g de fezes secas, colocadas em um agitador automático e foram utilizadas peneiras com malhas de 4,75; 4; 2,8; 1,4; 1 e fundo das peneiras, acopladas, com tempo de agitação de 10 minutos. Foi observado efeito (p&lt;0,05) da odontoplastia sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparentes da matéria seca (62,2%), matéria orgânica (64,3%), proteína bruta (75,4%), fibra em detergente neutro (53,4%), fibra em detergente ácido (43,7%) e hemicelulose (60,9%). Observou-se efeito do tempo de consumo para o concentrando, obtendo-se menor tempo de consumo após (17,33&plusmn;1,49 minutos), porém não foi observado efeito (p&gt;0,05) para o tempo de consumo do volumoso (1,11&plusmn;0,13 horas). Houve maior retenção (p&lt;0,05) das partículas das fezes nas peneiras de 4,75; 4,0 e 2,8, indicando maior tamanho das partículas após a odontoplastia. Não houve efeito (p&gt;0,05) sobre a cor e a consistência das fezes. A odontoplastia aumenta a digestibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta e o tamanho de partículas nas fezes, sem alterar as características de cor e consistência. Animais após o procedimento, apresentam menor tempo de consumo de concentrado. / The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the odontoplasty on apparent digestibility of equine diet, consumption time and faeces particle size. For this, nine animals were used, males and females, with aged of 14.5 &plusmn; 3.3 years and weighting 531 &plusmn; 38.7 kg, without previous odontoplasty. The diet consisted of 1.5% of live weight (LV) in forage (Tifton hay) and 0.75% of PV in multiparticulate concentrate (Pro-Equi&reg; Lámina) for both tests. The diet was formulated to meet the requirement of keeping animals. The experiment consisted of two apparent digestibility essays, the first one performed before the odontoplasty and the second after the procedure, where the comsumption time of hay and concentrate and faeces particle size were also evaluated. For the odontoplasty, the animals were allocated in a horse stock, and administered 0,02 mg/kg of detomidina. For the determination of the apparent digestibility of faeces, the total collection method was used for four consecutive days and ten days of adaptation to the diet, totaling 10 days of experimental period. The consumption time was based on the observation of the time spent to consume one kilogram of hay and concentrate. To determine the particle size of the faeces, samples of 250 g of dried faeces were placed on an automatic shaker and sieves with 4.75, 4, 2.8, 1.4, 1 mesh and bottom of the sieves were used coupled, with stirring time of 10 minutes. It was observed effect of odontoplasty on the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter (62.2%), organic matter (64.3%), crude protein (75.4%), neutral detergent fiber (53.4%), acid detergent fiber (43.7%) and hemicellulose (60.9%). There was an effect of the consumption time for the concentrate, obtaining a shorter consumption time after the odontoplasty (17.33 &plusmn; 1.49 minutes), but no effect (p&gt; 0.05) was observed for the consumption time of the forage (1.11 &plusmn; 0.13 hours). There was more retention (p&lt;0.05) of the faeces particles in the sieves of 4.75; 4.0 and 2.8, indicating a larger particle size after odontoplasty. There was no effect (p&gt;0.05) on color and faeces consistency. Odontoplasty increases dietary nutrient digestibility and particle size in feces without altering color and consistency characteristics. Animals after the procedure have a shorter concentrate consumption time.

Introduction : Certaines études ont démontré que les patients présentant un trouble du déficit de l’attention et de l’hyperactivité (TDAH) ont plus de problèmes respiratoires du sommeil et d’habitudes orales parafonctionnelles. Bien que ces facteurs puissent être liés aux malocclusions dentaires, aucune donnée n’a encore permis de déterminer si la prévalence de malocclusions dentaires et la nécessité d'un traitement orthodontique sont plus élevés chez les enfants atteints d’un TDAH. Ainsi, une étude plus approfondie de la prévalence et de la sévérité des malocclusions dentaires chez ces patients est importante pour favoriser un diagnostic précoce et une planification optimale de leur traitement orthodontique. Objectifs : Les objectifs primaires de la présente étude sont de : (i) comparer la sévérité des malocclusions des patients avec TDAH et des patients sans TDAH et de (ii) déterminer le type de malocclusion le plus fréquent chez les patients avec TDAH. Les objectifs secondaires de l’étude sont d’évaluer le lien entre : (i) les habitudes orales parafonctionnelles et les malocclusions des patients avec TDAH et (ii) la prise de médicaments utilisés dans le traitement du TDAH et les malocclusions dentaires. Matériels et méthodes : Les patients ont été divisés en deux groupes : un groupe de patients avec TDAH (n = 44) et un groupe contrôle (n = 44). Un questionnaire médical et un examen orthodontique ont été complétés pour chaque patient. Résultats : Les patients atteints de TDAH présentaient une plus grande sévérité de malocclusion (p=0,042), un plus grand nombre de rotation dentaire (p=0,021) et plus d’habitudes orales parafonctionnelles (p=0,001) que le groupe contrôle. Les habitudes orales présentent de façon plus significative chez les patients atteints d’un TDAH comparativement au groupe contrôle étaient le bruxisme (p=0,005) et l’utilisation de la suce pendant l’enfance (p=0,009). Conclusion : Il est important de prendre conscience du risque accru d’habitudes orales parafonctionnelles et de malocclusion dentaire chez les patients atteints de TDAH et de développer des programmes de prévention ainsi que des stratégies thérapeutiques à leur égard. / Introduction: Evidence has shown that patients with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have more sleep-breathing problems and parafunctional oral habits. Although these factors can be related to dental malocclusion, it is still unclear if the prevalence of malocclusion and need for orthodontic treatment are higher in children with ADHD. Thus, the knowledge about its prevalence and severity in children with ADHD is valuable in their early diagnosis and treatment planning. Objectives: The primary objectives of this study are: (i) to compare the type of malocclusions of patients with ADHD and patients without ADHD and (ii) to determine the most common type of malocclusion in patients with ADHD. The secondary objectives of the study are to assess the link between: (i) parafunctional oral habits and malocclusions of patients with ADHD and (ii) the drugs used in the treatment of ADHD and malocclusions. Materials and Methods: Patients were divided in two groups: ADHD (n=44) and control (n=44). A medical questionnaire and an orthodontic examination were completed for each patient. Results: Compared to the control group, patients with ADHD had a significantly higher severity of malocclusion (p=0.042), more dental rotation (p=0.021) and more parafunctional oral habits (p=0.001), especially bruxism (p=0.005) and history of pacifier use (p=0.009). Conclusion: It is important to be aware of the increased risk of oral habits and dental malocclusion among ADHD patients and to develop preventive programs as well as therapeutic strategies for them.

Introduction: L’arthrite juvénile idiopathique (AJI) est la maladie rhumatologique la plus répandue chez les enfants. Lorsque l’articulation temporo-mandibulaire est touchée, le processus inflammatoire peut causer une perturbation de la croissance cranio-faciale et une destruction du condyle, ce qui peut engendrer des difformités dentofaciales et des malocclusions dentaires. Des facteurs environnementaux, tels que les médicaments et les habitudes parafonctionnelles, ont le potentiel d’influencer la progression de la maladie et, par conséquent, jouer un rôle dans l’étiologie des malocclusions des patients avec AJI. Objectifs : L’objectif principal est de comparer la fréquence et la sévérité des malocclusions des patients avec et sans AJI. L’objectif secondaire est d’investiguer la relation entre la sévérité des malocclusions des patients avec AJI et leurs médicaments et habitudes parafonctionnelles. Méthodes: L’échantillon était divisé en deux groupes: AJI (n=30) et contrôle (n=30). Un questionnaire médical, un examen orthodontique et un examen radiologique ont été complétés pour chaque patient. Résultats : Par rapport au groupe contrôle, les enfants avec AJI avaient plus d’asymétries dentofaciales (p=0.009), de classe II canines (p=0.05) et molaires (p<0.001), de surplombs vertical > 3.5 mm (p=0.011) et horizontal > 5.0 mm (p=0.033) augmentés, des courbes de Spee (p=0.044), de Wilson (p=0.044) et de Monson (p=0.003) accentuées, de chevauchement incisif mandibulaire (p=0.042) et de manque transverse maxillaire (p<0.001). Les médicaments et les habitudes parafonctionnelles n’avaient pas d’impact sur les malocclusions. Conclusion : Les enfants avec AJI avaient des malocclusions plus sévères. Un diagnostic précoce et des traitements médicaux et orthodontiques opportuns sont essentiels pour prévenir les dommages irréversibles causés par la maladie. / Introduction: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease found in children. In cases affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the inflammatory process may cause disturbances in craniofacial growth and condylar destruction, both of which can lead to dentofacial deformities and dental malocclusions. Environmental factors such as medication and parafunctional habits have the potential to influence the disease progression and therefore play a role in the etiology of malocclusions of children with JIA. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to compare the frequency and the severity of malocclusions of patients with and without JIA. The secondary objective was to investigate the relationship between the severity of malocclusions of patients with JIA and their medication and parafunctional habits. Methods: The sample was divided into two groups: JIA (n=30) and control (n=30). A health questionnaire, an orthodontic examination, and radiographic records were completed for each patient. Results: Compared to the control group, children with JIA had more dentofacial asymmetry (p=0.009), Class II canine (p=0.05) and molar (p<0.001) relationships, increased overbite > 3.5 mm (p=0.011) and overjet > 5.0 mm (p=0.033), accentuated curves of Spee (p=0.044), Wilson (p=0.029) and Monson (p=0.003), lower incisor crowding (p=0.042) and maxillary transverse discrepancy (p<0.001). Medication and parafunctional habits did not influence malocclusions. Conclusion: Children with JIA have more severe malocclusions. An early diagnosis and timely medical and orthodontic treatment are crucial to prevent the irreversible damage caused by the disease.