BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is prevalent among adults 30 years and older and its prevalence increases with age. By 2040, there is an expected 50% increase in adults over the age of 65 years old in the US population. Therefore, it is essential to maintain good oral health and prevent tooth loss, pain, discomfort, and poor nutrition from improper chewing of food. Adults directly influence their periodontitis risk factors through at home oral care practices and smoking habits. Thus, the importance of home oral care practices and better choices in smoking habits may prevent the progression of periodontitis. The purpose of this study is to assess the association of at home oral care practices and smoking to periodontitis. The findings may be useful in future oral health education to emphasize the importance of oral hygiene care at home and smoking cessation. It may help dentists identify patients that will benefit from oral care instructions and smoking cessation and possibly aid in the development of prevention programs to combat the high prevalence of periodontitis in the foreseen growing population of the elders over the age of 65 in the U.S. OBJECTIVES: To assess the association of at home oral care practices to periodontitis and compare smokers and nonsmokers with respect to their oral care practices. We expect that people who regularly brush their teeth, floss, and use mouthwash twice or more per day, and who are nonsmokers will have less periodontitis. METHODS: Three categories of brushing: two to six times/week, once a day, or two or more/day in the past week were used. Additionally, three categories of flossing and rinsing: never, once to six times/week, or one or more times/day in the past week were also used. Odds ratio was calculated controlling for age, bone loss, gender, socioeconomic status, and smoking. Additionally, odds ratio was calculated for the oral care practices comparing smokers versus non-smokers. RESULTS: A total of 141 adults participated in the survey, 18% never flossed, 23% never rinsed, 6% brushed less than daily, and 35% had periodontitis. After controlling for variables, the lack of flossing was associated to periodontitis (odds ratio=1,88, 95% 1.00, p<0.0492) while rinsing and brushing were not associated with periodontitis. There were five times higher odds of periodontitis for a participant who never flossed compared to counterparts (95% CI 2.10-13.56). A dose response was not observed. After calculating for the odds ratio of the association of oral care practices to periodontitis among smokers versus non-smokers, the lack of flossing was positively associated with periodontitis such that smokers who never flossed had twice the higher odds of periodontitis compared to counterparts (odds ratio=4.20, CI 1.30-13.50, p<0.012). Participants who were smokers, with bone loss, and from low socioeconomic status had higher odds of having periodontitis. DISCUSSION: The lack of flossing was associated with higher prevalence of periodontitis. Smokers and especially daily smokers were more likely to engage in poor oral hygiene behaviors. Participants with bone loss, low socioeconomic status, and smokers were also associated with higher prevalence of periodontitis. Flossing at least once a week had a protective association to periodontitis. However, this was a cross-sectional study so a causal relation between the oral care practices and periodontitis cannot be established.

For my diploma thesis I chose a private dental office, where I partially work as a financial manager and an accountant. The office is situated in the centre of Prague and is operating since 1993 - thus it is an established and well-performing organisation. The objective of my thesis is to show specifications of strategic management and marketing in the field of dentistry. Afterwards on the bases of my own analysis I will propose a marketing strategy for the private dental office of MUDr. Iva Poláčková.

No momento de crise econômica que o país enfrenta atualmente, a prestação de serviços de saúde necessita cada vez mais a busca de alternativas que possibilitem uma melhor gestão de custos, a fim de enfrentar o mercado cada vez mais restrito e competitivo. Com o propósito de investigar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos cirurgiões-dentistas, no que tange a gestão de custos, foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre como o profissional percebe sua atividade como negócio. A qual indicou a necessidade de uma ferramenta de apuração de custos para seus consultórios. Desta forma, este trabalho trata da gestão de custos eficiente em uma empresa prestadora de serviços e o predomínio do uso do sistema de custeio por absorção no Brasil, objetivando responder qual o custo da prestação de serviços, apurado pelo sistema de custeio por absorção, de um consultório odontológico. Como objetivos específicos, este trabalho busca descrever os principais serviços oferecidos por um consultório odontológico; bem como apresentar as principais vantagens e desvantagens do sistema de custeio por absorção quando utilizado neste local. Finalizando, com a apresentação de um modelo de apuração de custo de um procedimento na prestação de serviços oferecidos em um consultório odontológico. Com isso, será possibilitada, mesmo de forma singela, uma alternativa de projeção de custos, através da aplicação do custeio por absorção no procedimento de restauração em resina fotopolimerizável classe II e IV. Este modelo de apuração de custos permite que sua aplicação seja utilizada em diversos modos e atividades desempenhadas pelos cirurgiões-dentistas com intuito de mensurar o valor dos procedimentos odontológicos em seus consultórios. / During the economic crisis Brazil is currently facing, the provider of health services needs to seek better cost management alternatives in order to face the increasingly restricted and competitive market. In order to understand the difficulties faced by dentists regarding cost management, research was made on how dentists plan their business, leading to the conclusion that some tool for cost calculation is necessary in their clinics. This work studies the efficient cost management in a service company and the predominance of the absorption costing system in Brazil, using this system to calculate the costs of a dentist’s clinic. . As specific goals, this study seeks to describe the main services offered by a dental office as well as to show the main advantages and disadvantages of the absorption cost system in this context. Finally, a cost calculation model is used to analyze the procedure of restoring light-cured resins class II and IV. With this analysis, we concluded that it is possible to make a simple yet effective cost projection of this type of service by using the absorption calculation model, which might be prove to be an efficient way to measure the cost of dental procedures.

No momento de crise econômica que o país enfrenta atualmente, a prestação de serviços de saúde necessita cada vez mais a busca de alternativas que possibilitem uma melhor gestão de custos, a fim de enfrentar o mercado cada vez mais restrito e competitivo. Com o propósito de investigar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos cirurgiões-dentistas, no que tange a gestão de custos, foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre como o profissional percebe sua atividade como negócio. A qual indicou a necessidade de uma ferramenta de apuração de custos para seus consultórios. Desta forma, este trabalho trata da gestão de custos eficiente em uma empresa prestadora de serviços e o predomínio do uso do sistema de custeio por absorção no Brasil, objetivando responder qual o custo da prestação de serviços, apurado pelo sistema de custeio por absorção, de um consultório odontológico. Como objetivos específicos, este trabalho busca descrever os principais serviços oferecidos por um consultório odontológico; bem como apresentar as principais vantagens e desvantagens do sistema de custeio por absorção quando utilizado neste local. Finalizando, com a apresentação de um modelo de apuração de custo de um procedimento na prestação de serviços oferecidos em um consultório odontológico. Com isso, será possibilitada, mesmo de forma singela, uma alternativa de projeção de custos, através da aplicação do custeio por absorção no procedimento de restauração em resina fotopolimerizável classe II e IV. Este modelo de apuração de custos permite que sua aplicação seja utilizada em diversos modos e atividades desempenhadas pelos cirurgiões-dentistas com intuito de mensurar o valor dos procedimentos odontológicos em seus consultórios. / During the economic crisis Brazil is currently facing, the provider of health services needs to seek better cost management alternatives in order to face the increasingly restricted and competitive market. In order to understand the difficulties faced by dentists regarding cost management, research was made on how dentists plan their business, leading to the conclusion that some tool for cost calculation is necessary in their clinics. This work studies the efficient cost management in a service company and the predominance of the absorption costing system in Brazil, using this system to calculate the costs of a dentist’s clinic. . As specific goals, this study seeks to describe the main services offered by a dental office as well as to show the main advantages and disadvantages of the absorption cost system in this context. Finally, a cost calculation model is used to analyze the procedure of restoring light-cured resins class II and IV. With this analysis, we concluded that it is possible to make a simple yet effective cost projection of this type of service by using the absorption calculation model, which might be prove to be an efficient way to measure the cost of dental procedures.

No momento de crise econômica que o país enfrenta atualmente, a prestação de serviços de saúde necessita cada vez mais a busca de alternativas que possibilitem uma melhor gestão de custos, a fim de enfrentar o mercado cada vez mais restrito e competitivo. Com o propósito de investigar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos cirurgiões-dentistas, no que tange a gestão de custos, foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre como o profissional percebe sua atividade como negócio. A qual indicou a necessidade de uma ferramenta de apuração de custos para seus consultórios. Desta forma, este trabalho trata da gestão de custos eficiente em uma empresa prestadora de serviços e o predomínio do uso do sistema de custeio por absorção no Brasil, objetivando responder qual o custo da prestação de serviços, apurado pelo sistema de custeio por absorção, de um consultório odontológico. Como objetivos específicos, este trabalho busca descrever os principais serviços oferecidos por um consultório odontológico; bem como apresentar as principais vantagens e desvantagens do sistema de custeio por absorção quando utilizado neste local. Finalizando, com a apresentação de um modelo de apuração de custo de um procedimento na prestação de serviços oferecidos em um consultório odontológico. Com isso, será possibilitada, mesmo de forma singela, uma alternativa de projeção de custos, através da aplicação do custeio por absorção no procedimento de restauração em resina fotopolimerizável classe II e IV. Este modelo de apuração de custos permite que sua aplicação seja utilizada em diversos modos e atividades desempenhadas pelos cirurgiões-dentistas com intuito de mensurar o valor dos procedimentos odontológicos em seus consultórios. / During the economic crisis Brazil is currently facing, the provider of health services needs to seek better cost management alternatives in order to face the increasingly restricted and competitive market. In order to understand the difficulties faced by dentists regarding cost management, research was made on how dentists plan their business, leading to the conclusion that some tool for cost calculation is necessary in their clinics. This work studies the efficient cost management in a service company and the predominance of the absorption costing system in Brazil, using this system to calculate the costs of a dentist’s clinic. . As specific goals, this study seeks to describe the main services offered by a dental office as well as to show the main advantages and disadvantages of the absorption cost system in this context. Finally, a cost calculation model is used to analyze the procedure of restoring light-cured resins class II and IV. With this analysis, we concluded that it is possible to make a simple yet effective cost projection of this type of service by using the absorption calculation model, which might be prove to be an efficient way to measure the cost of dental procedures.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the adverse events that occur with general anesthesia for dental rehabilitation between a hospital setting and dental clinic setting. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed examining patients who had received dental rehabilitation with general anesthesia at the Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Pediatric Dentistry. Subjects were either treated in the Pediatric Dental Clinic or the Hospital Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC) from July 2005 to December 2006. Anesthesia records of induction, intubation, maintenance, emergence and recovery were compared between the two settings.Results: There were a total of 422 charts reviewed with n=193 cases in the dental clinic and n=229 cases in the ASC. Patients in the dental clinic setting were slightly older (t = 2.63, df = 420, p-value = 0.0089), and healthier (chi-square = 45.9, df = 2, p-value Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of adverse events occurring with dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia in the dental clinic setting was lower compared to adverse events in the hospital-based ambulatory surgical setting.

The goal of the present thesis is to explore the activity and assess the situation of a private dental office and to propose measures to improve its prosperity. The results of the said analysis and proposals may be utilised by either the current practitioner-entrepreneur or her daughter, a fresh practitioner. It is a partial goal to identify the key specifics of dental practitioner entreprising. In the theoretical part, I focus my attention to the specifics of small and medium businesses and characterise the individual aspects of management, marketing, personal management, and financial management. In the practical part, I apply the gathered theoretical findings in identifying the factors affecting the prosperity of a private dental office and laying down proposals to maintain the current situation and improving it in the future. Some of the proposed measures have already been applied in practice in the course of completion of this diploma thesis.

Five chemicals indigenous to the dental office environment that may cause toxic effects are formaldehyde, phenol, acrylic, mercury, and nitrous oxide. These chemicals create abnormal stress on physiological and psychological systems of the body resulting in symptomatology and pathology when the body defenses can no longer maintain homeostasis by adaptation. This study demonstrated serious behavioral consequences of chemical and heavy metal exposure. This study provided evidence that a significant percentage of dental office personnel who are exposed to the dental office chemicals show psycho neurological dysfunction. It was concluded that these individuals suffer adverse reactions to the chemicals in their work environment. The problem areas included perceptual motor difficulty in cognitive functioning, concern with bodily functions, despondency, and interpersonal problems.

Dental caries is a preventable multifactorial infectious disease which results from the overall impact of biological, behavioural and psychosocial factors. The environment of every individual plays a role in its aetiology, too. The content and form of the diet, regularly performed oral hygiene, fluoride intake and continuous dental care act as an unquestionable part in the prevention of dental caries. "Quality of life" or "well-being" is nowadays an emphasized aspect in most of the studies. There is one factor linked to the well-being of a child discussed on a field of paediatric dentistry - the dental fear. The four following studies presented in this dissertation describe the above mentioned topic. The first surveys the dentist's relationship with the child patients and looks for the reasoning why the children were referred to the faculties and specialists. The second pursues the environmental factors which influence the perception of dental environments in pre-schoolers and the fear of even the most common dental procedures. The third performs an evaluation of the dental fear level in a sample of preschool children in the Czech Republic, with correlation to their dental status and geographic location. This study also deals with a possible use of colours as another tool for dental fear evaluation...