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OBJECTIVES: Dental wear is considered one of the reasons for composite restorations failure. Several clinical problems may arise as result of uncontrolled wear process, including compromising masticatory function, poor aesthetics, loss of interocclusal space, teeth pain and sensitivity, and tempromandibular problems. Newly released flowable composites have been introduced to the market, that are indicated for occlusal class I and II cavity restorations. The purposes of this study are (1) to evaluate the wear resistance of newly released flowable composites against two antagonists, and compare them to universal packable composite, (2) to compare the wear properties of the two different types of antagonists, (3) to evaluate mechanical and esthetic properties, including microhardness, gloss, and surface roughness, of all resin composites and correlate it to wear characteristics of the materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: (1) Five flowable composites were used in this study: 1. Filtek Supreme Ultra Flow (3M ESPE), 2. NovaPro Flow (Nanova Biomaterials), 3. SureFil SDR Flow (Dentsply), 4. Clearfil Majesty Flow (Kuraray), and 5. G-aenial Universal Flo (GC). One universal resin composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra Universal) was used as control group. 16 Specimens were prepared from each composite by injecting into aluminum molds, then divided into two groups for two types of antagonists (n=8). The first antagonist from natural enamel cusps, the other type was from feldspar ceramic block, Vitabloc Mark II. Both were standardized and polished. After mounting the antagonists in the wear-testing machine, a uniform sliding abrasion was applied up to 200k sliding cycles. Then the measurement of dry weight, wear depth and surface roughness of the specimens and the antagonist cusps were conducted at 3 different intervals, baseline, 100k, and 200k cycles. The amount of wear was determined by measuring the weight loss and calculating volume loss. One representative sample was randomly selected from each group for scanning electron microscope examination of the surface morphology. (2) 3 samples were prepared from each resin composite material for the microhardness and gloss test. The composite specimens were finishing and polishing by Buehler grinding-polishing system for four minutes each, then rinsed and ultrasonically cleaned in distilled water for 4 minutes. The surface gloss test was performed by using Novo Curve glossmeter. Five gloss readings were taken from each specimen at different locations, and the mean value was calculated and recorded as the GU reading of each specimen. The Knoop’s microhardness was measured on a MICROMET 2003 microhardness tester. Five indentations at different locations with at least 100 μm apart were performed on each specimen. The five readings were averaged to produce a single hardness value for each specimen. RESULTS: (1) In general, statistical analysis revealed a significantly higher surface roughness and higher weight loss of all resin composites when opposed by ceramic antagonists compared to the samples opposed by enamel antagonists. Among the tested resin composites, there were significant differences in regards to specimen wear depth, weight loss, volume loss, and surface roughness, regardless of the antagonist type used. Both Filtek supreme universal and Filtek supreme ultra flow groups showed significantly deeper wear compared to the other flowable materials, regardless of the antagonist type used. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in antagonist’s weight and height loss between the groups. The control group universal composite caused significantly higher weight and height loss of both antagonists. (2) The microhardness and gloss results demonstrated statistical significant differences between all the composite materials. Clearfil Majesty Flow and Filtek Supreme Universal groups exhibited a significantly higher surface gloss compared to the other materials with the exception of the Filtek Supreme Ultra Flow group. Filtek Supreme Universal group exhibited a significantly higher Knoop’s hardness compared to the other materials. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitation of this study, less weight loss and surface roughness of the flowable composites were shown when opposed by dental enamel antagonists. A significantly deeper wear was noticed on both Filtek supreme universal and flowable composites when opposed by ceramic antagonists, indicating the detrimental effect of the Feldspathic ceramic on the nanohybrid composites compared to the other nanofilled flowable composites used in the study.

Various methods exist for measuring and analyzing dental wear patterns in mam-mals, and these patterns have been extensively studied in ungulates. Mesowear has proven useful as a method to compare large numbers of individuals, particularly fossil individuals, observe trends through time or between groups, and estimate paleoenvi-ronmental conditions. Levels of attrition (tooth-on-tooth wear) and abrasion (tooth-on-food wear) can be readily compared by observing the shape of the cusp and relative crown height of the tooth. This study uses a modified method of mesowear analysis, examining actual cusp angles of the population of Tapirus polkensis from the Gray Fossil Site, a densely canopied, hickory and oak dominated forest located in Gray, Tennes-see. Crown height and cusp angle were measured for 38 specimens arranged into eruption series from young juveniles to old adults. Results found a strong correlation between eruption series and cusp angle with a steady increase in mean angle as the individuals increase in age. A strong correlation between cusp angle and crown height was also found. Overall, the population showed relatively low wear rates, as would be expected of a forest-dwelling browser. As a mesowear analysis across all age groups for a population has not been conducted before, this study could be useful for measuring relative wear rates at different life stages and could be applied across other com-munities.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o possível efeito da saliva in situ, associada ou não ao flúor, sobre a recuperação da estrutura dentária do esmalte desmineralizado, que recebeu profilaxia utilizando jato de bicarbonato de sódio. Para isso, foram utilizados 40 blocos de esmalte de dente bovino de 4x4 mm, os quais foram submetidos a um processo de desmineralização in vitro para a formação de lesões artificiais de cárie. Sobre a superfície destes blocos, foi aplicado o jato de bicarbonato de sódio, simulando a realização de uma profilaxia profissional. Após essa etapa, os blocos foram divididos em dois grupos (GI e GII) e montados em dispositivos intra-bucais, os quais foram utilizados por 10 voluntários, durante dois períodos experimentais de quatro horas. Os blocos do GI foram expostos diretamente à saliva in situ, enquanto os do GII, foram expostos à saliva associada ao flúor sob forma de bochecho com solução de NaF a 0,2%, durante o minuto inicial. No primeiro período experimental, metade dos voluntários fez parte do GI e a outra metade do GII, havendo uma inversão dos grupos no segundo período. As possíveis alterações ocorridas na superfície do esmalte após as etapas do experimento, foram avaliadas através de testes de microdureza Knoop (25g/5s) e da quantificação do desgaste com o auxílio de um rugosímetro. Para a comparação dos valores de microdureza e de desgaste entre os grupos, e entre as etapas de cada grupo, foi aplicada a Análise de Variância a dois Critérios (ANOVA) e o teste de Tukey, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Os resultados do teste de microdureza mostraram uma diminuição, estatisticamente significante, nos valores de microdureza superficial do esmalte após a etapa de desmineralização (183,7KHN), quando comparada à microdureza superficial inicial (342KHN). Em seguida, após a simulação da profilaxia, houve um aumento significante da microdureza (337,3KHN), não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre o valor inicial. Quanto ao desgaste, a simulação da profilaxia promoveu um desgaste no esmalte desmineralizado da ordem de 0,709µm. Após a etapa de remineralização, o valor da microdureza diminuiu um pouco em relação ao valor inicial (303,7KHN), embora tenha sido próximo ao mesmo. Em relação ao valor do desgaste, foi observada uma diminuição estatisticamente significante (0,476 µm), o que representa uma diminuição de quase um terço do valor inicial. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os resultados dos grupos I e II em todas as etapas do experimento. De acordo com as condições e com a metodologia adotadas na presente pesquisa, foi possível concluir que após 4 horas de remineralização in situ houve recuperação de parte da estrutura dentária perdida devido à aplicação do jato de bicarbonato de sódio sobre o esmalte desmineralizado, apesar de a realização de um bochecho adicional com solução fluoretada não ter promovido aumento no ganho mineral em relação à ação somente da saliva. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of saliva in situ, in the recovery of the superficial structure of the demineralized tooth enamel in which a sodium bicarbonate jet was applied. The effect of an additional mouthrinsing with a NaF solution was also evaluated. A total of 40 specimens of bovine enamel (4x4 mm) were processed in vitro to obtain artificial caries lesions were utilized for this study. A jet of sodium bicarbonate was applied on the surface of the specimens simulating a prophylaxis procedure. The specimens were divided in two groups(GI and GII). They were mounted in an intra-oral model used by 10 volunteers for two fourhour experiments. During the first four-hour experiment, the specimens of GI were directly exposed to saliva in situ. Those of GII were exposed to one minute mouthrinsing with 0.2% NaF. In the second four-hour experiment, the volunteers were crossed-over to the opposite experimental treatment group. The changes on the enamel surface were analyzed by the superficial microhardness test (Knoop, 25g/5s) and perfilometry, using a rugosimeter to determine the superficial dental wear. In order to compare the degree of microhardness and wear, among groups in the different experimental phases, the ANOVA and the Tukey test were used with an acceptable significance of 5% (p<0.05). The microhardness test showed a significant decrease of the initial value from 342 KHN to 183.7KHN after the demineralization phase. In the prophylaxis simulation, the microhardness value increased to 337 KHN, while a 0.709 µm wear was detected. After the remineralization procedure, there was a mild decrease on the degree of superficial microhardness to 303.7 KHN. Considering the superficial wear, it was detected a significant decrease (0.476 µm) comparing to the value found after the prophylaxis. There were no statistical differences between GI and GII in all phases of the experiment. After a four-hour period of an in situ remineralization, we concluded that it is possible to have a partial recovery of the dental structure, initially lost due to the use of sodium bicarbonate on the demineralized enamel. The performance of an additional mouthrinsing with fluoridate solution did not lead to an increase in the mineral gain.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o possível efeito da saliva in situ, associada ou não ao flúor, sobre a recuperação da estrutura dentária do esmalte desmineralizado, que recebeu profilaxia utilizando jato de bicarbonato de sódio. Para isso, foram utilizados 40 blocos de esmalte de dente bovino de 4x4 mm, os quais foram submetidos a um processo de desmineralização in vitro para a formação de lesões artificiais de cárie. Sobre a superfície destes blocos, foi aplicado o jato de bicarbonato de sódio, simulando a realização de uma profilaxia profissional. Após essa etapa, os blocos foram divididos em dois grupos (GI e GII) e montados em dispositivos intra-bucais, os quais foram utilizados por 10 voluntários, durante dois períodos experimentais de quatro horas. Os blocos do GI foram expostos diretamente à saliva in situ, enquanto os do GII, foram expostos à saliva associada ao flúor sob forma de bochecho com solução de NaF a 0,2%, durante o minuto inicial. No primeiro período experimental, metade dos voluntários fez parte do GI e a outra metade do GII, havendo uma inversão dos grupos no segundo período. As possíveis alterações ocorridas na superfície do esmalte após as etapas do experimento, foram avaliadas através de testes de microdureza Knoop (25g/5s) e da quantificação do desgaste com o auxílio de um rugosímetro. Para a comparação dos valores de microdureza e de desgaste entre os grupos, e entre as etapas de cada grupo, foi aplicada a Análise de Variância a dois Critérios (ANOVA) e o teste de Tukey, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Os resultados do teste de microdureza mostraram uma diminuição, estatisticamente significante, nos valores de microdureza superficial do esmalte após a etapa de desmineralização (183,7KHN), quando comparada à microdureza superficial inicial (342KHN). Em seguida, após a simulação da profilaxia, houve um aumento significante da microdureza (337,3KHN), não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre o valor inicial. Quanto ao desgaste, a simulação da profilaxia promoveu um desgaste no esmalte desmineralizado da ordem de 0,709µm. Após a etapa de remineralização, o valor da microdureza diminuiu um pouco em relação ao valor inicial (303,7KHN), embora tenha sido próximo ao mesmo. Em relação ao valor do desgaste, foi observada uma diminuição estatisticamente significante (0,476 µm), o que representa uma diminuição de quase um terço do valor inicial. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os resultados dos grupos I e II em todas as etapas do experimento. De acordo com as condições e com a metodologia adotadas na presente pesquisa, foi possível concluir que após 4 horas de remineralização in situ houve recuperação de parte da estrutura dentária perdida devido à aplicação do jato de bicarbonato de sódio sobre o esmalte desmineralizado, apesar de a realização de um bochecho adicional com solução fluoretada não ter promovido aumento no ganho mineral em relação à ação somente da saliva. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of saliva in situ, in the recovery of the superficial structure of the demineralized tooth enamel in which a sodium bicarbonate jet was applied. The effect of an additional mouthrinsing with a NaF solution was also evaluated. A total of 40 specimens of bovine enamel (4x4 mm) were processed in vitro to obtain artificial caries lesions were utilized for this study. A jet of sodium bicarbonate was applied on the surface of the specimens simulating a prophylaxis procedure. The specimens were divided in two groups(GI and GII). They were mounted in an intra-oral model used by 10 volunteers for two fourhour experiments. During the first four-hour experiment, the specimens of GI were directly exposed to saliva in situ. Those of GII were exposed to one minute mouthrinsing with 0.2% NaF. In the second four-hour experiment, the volunteers were crossed-over to the opposite experimental treatment group. The changes on the enamel surface were analyzed by the superficial microhardness test (Knoop, 25g/5s) and perfilometry, using a rugosimeter to determine the superficial dental wear. In order to compare the degree of microhardness and wear, among groups in the different experimental phases, the ANOVA and the Tukey test were used with an acceptable significance of 5% (p<0.05). The microhardness test showed a significant decrease of the initial value from 342 KHN to 183.7KHN after the demineralization phase. In the prophylaxis simulation, the microhardness value increased to 337 KHN, while a 0.709 µm wear was detected. After the remineralization procedure, there was a mild decrease on the degree of superficial microhardness to 303.7 KHN. Considering the superficial wear, it was detected a significant decrease (0.476 µm) comparing to the value found after the prophylaxis. There were no statistical differences between GI and GII in all phases of the experiment. After a four-hour period of an in situ remineralization, we concluded that it is possible to have a partial recovery of the dental structure, initially lost due to the use of sodium bicarbonate on the demineralized enamel. The performance of an additional mouthrinsing with fluoridate solution did not lead to an increase in the mineral gain.

The intention with this thesis is to improve the method to assess dental wear as an age indicator by examining its correlation with the closure of cranial suture and the influence diet has on dental wear. This thesis explores this correlation through a comparative study between a collection of skulls with unknown context and a control group with known context. Age assessment of cranial sutures is one of the oldest and most questionable methods of physical anthropology. The studies that were carried out in the beginning of the 21st century have shown a useful correlation between the cranial sutures closure and age assessment. Research on food is essential for understanding a society, and dental health has always been important for wellbeing. A difference between populations today and historical populations is the dental wear that causes infections. All these premises make this research interesting to explore further, to learn more about what the teeth can tell us about historic populations.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in situ o efeito da saliva, associada ou não ao flúor, sobre a estrutura dentária do esmalte que recebeu profilaxia prévia com jato de bicarbonato de sódio. Foram utilizados 40 blocos de esmalte de dente bovino de 4x4 mm, nos quais foi aplicado o jato de bicarbonato de sódio por 10s, simulando a realização de uma profilaxia profissional. Após essa etapa, os blocos foram divididos em dois grupos (GI e GII) e montados em dispositivos intra-bucais, os quais foram utilizados por 10 voluntários, durante dois períodos experimentais cruzados e cegos de quatro horas. Os blocos do GI foram expostos diretamente à saliva in situ, enquanto os do GII, foram expostos à saliva associada ao flúor sob forma de bochecho com solução de NaF a 0,2%, durante o minuto inicial. As possíveis alterações ocorridas na superfície do esmalte após as etapas do experimento foram avaliadas através de testes de microdureza superficial (Knoop-25g/5s) e de desgaste. Os dados de microdureza superficial foram analisados pela Análise de Variância a dois Critérios (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey (p<0,05) e os dados de desgaste pelo teste T pareado, para a diferença entre perfil inicial e final (p<0,05). Não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante entre GI e GII, para as variáveis dureza e desgaste. A média de desgaste após profilaxia não apresentou diferença da média após a etapa in situ. No entanto, a média de microdureza no início, após a profilaxia e após a etapa in situ foi respectivamente: GI (340±16,6a; 329±35,7b; 354±37,8a) e GII (338±15,6a; 312 ±46,3b; 340±21,8a). Com base nos resultados encontrados pôde-se concluir que a saliva apresentou efeito semelhante a saliva associada ao bochecho fluoretado e após 4 horas de remineralização in situ não houve recuperação em altura de parte da estrutura dentária perdida devido à aplicação do jato de bicarbonato de sódio sobre o esmalte hígido. / The aim of this in situ study was to evaluate the effect of the saliva, associated or not to fluoride, on the superficial enamel structure in which a sodium bicarbonate jet was applied. Forty bovine enamel specimens (4x4 mm) were subjected to sodium bicarbonate jet for 10 seconds to simulate a prophylaxis procedure. The specimens were then divided the in two groups (GI and GII) and were mounted in a intra-oral device which were used by 10 volunteers for two cross-over, blind experimental periods of 4 hours. The specimens of GI were directly exposed to saliva in situ, while those of GII were exposed to saliva associated to fluoride by mouthrinsing 0,2%NaF solution on the first minute of the experiment. The changes on the enamel surface were analyzed by superficial microhardness test (Knoop, 25g/5s) and perfilometry (wear). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0,05) were used for microhardness data. The wear was analyzed by T pare test for the initial and final profile difference (p<0,05). There were no statistically difference between GI and GII, in respect to microhardness and wear. The mean enamel wear after sodium bicarbonate jet application was not significantly different from the enamel mean wear after the in situ phase. However the microhardness mean values at baseline, after sodium bicarbonate jet application and after in situ phase were respectively: GI (340±16.6a; 329±35.7b; 354±37.8a) e GII (338±15.6a; 312 ±46.3b; 340±21.8a). In according to the obtained results it was concluded that saliva presented the same effect on enamel recovery when compared to saliva associated to fluoride. After 4 hours of in situ remineralization, it was not observed the height recovery of the enamel, lost by wear due to the use of a sodium bicarbonate jet application.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar desgaste dentário e perda dentária de pacientes eutróficos, obesos mórbidos pré cirúrgico, operados com até 24 meses e operados com mais de 36 meses de cirurgia bariátrica. O estudo foi do tipo observacional transversal e analítico com pareamento de sexo e idade. A amostra foi composta por 240 pacientes, (GC) - pacientes eutróficos (N=60), (GO) - pacientes obesos mórbidos (N=60), (G24) - pacientes operados com menos de 24 meses (N=60) e (G36) - pacientes operados com mais de 36 meses (N=60). As variáveis que foram analisadas: sexo, raça, escolaridade, classe econômica, hipertensão, diabetes, triglicerídeos, colesterol, tabagismo, etilismo, idade, IMC, % de perda de peso, perda dentária, desgaste dentário e relação cintura-quadril. Foi aplicada a análise estatística descritiva para obter as frequências absolutas e relativas. Para verificar a associação entre obesidade e os desfechos bucais (desgaste dentário e perda dentária) foi usado o modelo de regressão linear multivariada, Odds ratio (OR) e o intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos considerando etnia (p=0,135), escolaridade (p=0,108), triglicerídeos (p=0,078), tabagismo (p=0,568) etilismo (p=0,712), dentes perdidos (p=0,686) e o desgaste dentário tanto por sextantes, quanto total (p=0,448). Porém houve desgaste maior entre os sextantes II e V. O GO apresentou menor classe econômica (p=0,012), maior proporção de hipertensão (p<0,001), diabetes (p<0,001), colesterol (p=0,001), IMC (p<0,001) e relação cintura-quadril (p<0,001), % de perda de peso foi maior no G24 comparado ao G36 (p<0,001). Pode-se concluir que indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia Bypass Gástrico em Y de Roux, independente do período de cirurgia, apresentaram mais desgaste dentário nas superfícies incisais/oclusais, sendo que os dentes anteriores foram os mais afetados. O desgaste dentário esteve associado à idade e ao número de dentes perdidos. / The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare dental wear and tooth loss of eutrophic, preoperative, morbidly obese patients operated on for up to 24 months and operated with more than 36 months of bariatric surgery. The study was crosssectional and analytical with gender and age matching. The sample consisted of 240 patients (GC) - Eutrophic patients (N = 60), (GO) - morbidly obese patients (N = 60), (G24) - patients operated on less than 24 months (G36) - patients operated on for more than 36 months (N = 60). The variables that were analyzed were sex, race, schooling, economic class, hypertension, diabetes, triglycerides, cholesterol, smoking, alcoholism, age, BMI, weight loss, dental loss, dental wear and waist-to-hip ratio. The descriptive statistical analysis was applied to obtain the absolute and relative frequencies. The multivariate linear regression model, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to verify the association between obesity and oral outcomes (dental wear and tooth loss). There were no statistically significant differences between groups (p=0,135), schooling (p=0.108), triglycerides (p=0.078), smoking (p=0.568) and dental wear by both sextants and total (p=0.448). However, there was greater wear among the II and V sextants. The GO presented lower economic class (p=0.012), higher proportion of hypertension (p<0.001), diabetes (p<0.001), cholesterol (p=0.001), BMI (p<0.001) and waist-hip ratio (p<0.001), % weight loss was higher in G24 compared to G36 (p<0.001). It can be concluded that individuals submitted to the Roux-en-Y obesity surgery, regardless of the surgery period, presented more tooth wear on the incisal / occlusal surfaces, and the anterior teeth were the most affected. Dental wear was more related to age and tooth loss.

Submitted by PAULA LETICIA CAMPELLO null (paulacampello@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-09T14:56:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_ Paula_Leticia_Campello.pdf: 1806399 bytes, checksum: 0fa98c824e9bf65929115ecb89e76258 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-16T19:26:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 campello_pl_dr_jabo.pdf: 1806399 bytes, checksum: 0fa98c824e9bf65929115ecb89e76258 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-16T19:26:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 campello_pl_dr_jabo.pdf: 1806399 bytes, checksum: 0fa98c824e9bf65929115ecb89e76258 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A periodontite e o desgaste dentário excessivo são duas das síndromes mais importantes que afetam o periodonto e os dentes de pequenos ruminantes. Frequentemente relatadas em rebanhos em diversas regiões do mundo, são enfermidades multifatoriais e estão envolvidas com diminuição da produtividade de rebanhos, decorrente das dificuldades de preensão, mastigação e ruminação. O presente estudo, em forma de capítulos, teve como objetivos relatar a ocorrência de periodontite, biofilme dentário supragengival e desgaste excessivo da coroa dental em 150 cabras em lactação de rebanho estabulado. Adicionalmente, foi avaliada pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) a microbiota subgengival de sítios periodontais sadios e com bolsa periodontal frente a 23 iniciadores de espécies de bactérias com potencial patogênico no homem e em outras espécies animais. A ocorrência de lesão periodontal, avaliada pela recessão gengival, foi observada em 70,66% (106) das 150 cabras, das quais 28% (42/150) apresentaram lesões em dentes incisivos e 62% (93/150) em dentes mastigatórios. Todos os animais avaliados apresentaram algum escore de biofilme supragengival, representando um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de periodontites. O desgaste excessivo da coroa dental foi observado em 40% (60/150) dos animais em graus variados, nos dentes incisivos e mastigatórios conjuntamente; 37,3% (56/150) somente em dentes mastigatórios e 18,6% (28/150) apenas em dentes incisivos. Na avaliação da microbiota da bolsa periodontal (n=22) e do sulco gengival (n=22) de cabras pôde-se associar a ocorrência da periodontite com Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Prevotella buccae Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas melaninogenica, Treponema maltophilum, Prevotella loeschii, Dialister pneumosintes e Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Os dois problemas sanitários coocorreram no rebanho, sugerindo que, embora de etiologias distintas, provavelmente elas tenham algum fator de risco comum. Parte da microbiota avaliada e associada à periodontite diferiu, pela frequência de detecção, daquela dos sítios periodontais sem a doença, sugerindo a participação desses patógenos potenciais na etiologia da periodontite caprina. / Periodontitis and excessive dental wear are considered two of the most important syndromes that affect the periodontium and the teeth of small ruminants. Often reported in herds in different regions of the world, they are multifactorial diseases and are involved with decreased herd productivity due to difficulties in gripping, chewing and rumination. The present study, in the form of chapters, had as objective to report the occurrence of periodontitis, supragingival dental biofilm and excessive wear of the dental crown in 150 lactating goats. In addition, the subgingival microbiota of healthy sites and periodontal pockets were evaluated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 23 primers of bacterial species with pathogenic potential in man and other animal species. The occurrence of periodontal lesion, evaluated by gingival recession, was observed in 70.66% (106) of the 150 goats, which 28% (42/150) presented lesions in incisor teeth and 62% (93/150) in masticatory teeth. All animals evaluated had a supragingival biofilm score, representing a risk factor for the development of periodontitis. The excessive wear of the dental crown was observed in 40% (60/150) of the animals in varying degrees, in the incisors and masticatory teeth together; 37.3% (56/150) only in masticatory teeth and 18.6% (28/150) only in incisors. In the evaluation of the microbiota of periodontal pockets (n = 22) and gingival sulcus (n = 22) of goats, the occurrence of periodontitis can be connected to Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Prevotella buccae, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas melaninogenica, Treponema maltophilum, Prevotella loescheii, Dialister pneumosintes and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The two sanitary problems cooccurred in the herd, suggesting that although they have different etiologies, they probably have some common risk factors. Part of the microbiota evaluated and associated with periodontitis differed, by frequency of detection, of periodontal sites without the disease, suggesting the participation of these putative pathogens in the etiology of caprine periodontitis.

Though applied in bioarchaeology, dental wear is an underexplored age indicator in the biological anthropology of contemporary populations, although research has been conducted on dental attrition in forensic contexts (Kim et al. 2000, Prince et al. 2008, Yun et al. 2007). The purpose of this study is to apply and adapt existing techniques for age estimation based on dental wear to a modern American population, with the aim of producing accurate age range estimates for individuals from an industrialized context. Methodologies following Yun and Prince were applied to a random sample from the University of New Mexico (n=583) and Universidade de Coimbra (n=50) cast and skeletal collections. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between tooth wear scores and age. Application of both Yun et al. (2007) and Prince et al. (2008) methodologies resulted in inaccurate age estimates. Recalibrated sectioning points correctly classified individuals as over or under 50 years for 88% of the sample. Linear regression demonstrated 60% of age estimates fell within ±10 years of the actual age, and accuracy improved for individuals under 45 years, with 74% of predictions within ±10 years. This study demonstrates that age estimation from dental wear is possible for modern populations, with comparable age intervals to other established methods. It provides a quantifiable method of seriation into “older” and “younger” adult categories, and is a more reliable method than cranial sutures in instances where only the skull is available. / 2019-07-11T00:00:00Z