Uppsatsen bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med sex svenska kvinnor som har en öppet negativ inställning till islam och muslimer i Sverige. Syftet är att dels nå en djupare förståelse om kvinnornas negativa inställning till islam och muslimer men också om deras inställning till feminism. Undersökningen bygger på tre teorier, Edward Saids postkoloniala teori samt två teorier om social identitet, dessa är Erving Goffmans teori om stigma och Hanri Tajfels teori om relationen mellan grupper. I uppsatsen framkommer det att kvinnorna sammankopplar en undergång för det svenska samhället med muslimsk invandring. Återkommande hos alla kvinnorna var en upplevelse av att muslimer tar för stort utrymme i de offentliga rummen. Kvinnornas inställning till muslimer kan förstås som ett resultat av föreställningen av muslimer som en ut-grupp som kvinnorna jämför sig med och hotas av. Kvinnorna tar på olika vis till sig diskriminerande åtgärder för att behålla en särprägel och överlägsen position i samhällshierarkin. Kvinnorna tar även starkt avstånd mot feminister som visar sig vara sammanlänkat med deras inställning till muslimer. Deras negativitet visar sig bland annat grundas i en upplevelse av relativ deprivation. Kvinnorna upplever en orättvisa mot sin in-grupp som grundas på att de tycker att de som sitter på makten i samhället missköter sin position.

Sleep is a complex process: the timing of sleep is regulated by two systems (the sleep homeostat and the circadian clock) and there are many potential functions of sleep. The aim of this thesis was to investigate: the impact of light on the regulation of sleep timing (study 1) and the role of sleep in emotional processing (study 2). Study 1 used natural variations in environmental light levels at different geographical locations, to examine the influence of daily light irradiance on sleep timing and chronotype using the Munich chronotype questionnaire (MCTQ). 6443 students were included in this study from six universities from the northern and southern hemispheres. Students in southern hemisphere cities had earlier sleep timings than those in the northern cities. Daily irradiance was higher in the southern hemisphere cities. The amount of time spent outside, age and sex, but not daily irradiance, influenced sleep timings. Study 2 explored the impact of an analogue traumatic event (trauma film) in students who were either sleep deprived or not sleep deprived on intrusive memories ("flashbacks"), sleep physiology and the impact of an increased risk of a mood disorder on this relationship. In this study the sleep deprived participants (n=19) reported fewer intrusive memories to the trauma film than those not sleep deprived (n=22). A change in sleep physiology was observed in the first sleep period following the trauma film, which was more pronounced in the sleep deprived group: increased levels of arousal, REM density and activity in the occipital region. Only three participants at-risk of a mood disorder completed study 2: their data are presented as case studies. In conclusion this research has demonstrated that differences in sleep timings exist between cities in the southern and northern hemispheres and has confirmed that many factors can influence sleep timing. It has also been demonstrated that following a highly emotional event not sleeping may have a beneficial effect, which has implications for the treatment of people after trauma.

Relationships between body dissatisfaction, dieting methods, father absence, and puberty timing were investigated in this study. Participants included adolescent females from Wave 1 of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health. Logistic regression results indicated that girls without a biological father in the home were significantly more likely to have an early onset of puberty than on-time or late. Girls who experienced early puberty exhibited higher levels of body dissatisfaction, but didn't use more dieting methods. Early onset girls more likely used dieting methods if their biological father was present than absent; however, no significant difference in body dissatisfaction was shown. A negative relationship with fathers indicated more body dissatisfaction. None of the attained findings were found when the biological mother was absent, and having a stepfather did not seem to matter. Evidence was revealed that fathers play a role in their daughters' view of their own bodies.

Maternal or paternal absence in one- or two-parent families, the presence of stepparents, and reasons for the disruption of the original family were analyzed in relation to the self-esteem of 501 males and females in grades 3-6 as measured by Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory. The study provided a review of the broken-home literature followed by the methodology, results, and conclusions pertinent to the investigation. A step-wise multiple regression analysis and two-way and three-way factorial analyses of variance revealed no significant differences in the self esteem levels of children from intact or disrupted families. Conclusions suggested that children from all family structures may have experienced both debilitating and nurturing environments. Recommendations supported parent training.

It is hypothesized in this study that children reared with "concerned" mothers (N) will display significantly superior intellectual performance and less neurological impairment as compared with children reared with neglectful mothers (MN) and children diagnosed as failure to thrive (FTT, falling below the third percentile in height and weight). The FTT children will show significantly more deficits than both N and MN groups. The participants in this study were forty-five children rigidly matched on all possible variables. F-tests and Newman-Keuls' analyses reveal severe intellectual deficits in both MN and FTT groups. The FTT group displayed significantly more neurological deficits lending support for a nutritional basis of this syndrome as opposed to the traditional psychogenic explanation.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Name of thesis: Usage of floating for regeneration Goals of thesis: Assess which aspects have influence on final enjoyment of the Floating procedure by comparison of survey results of two client's groups. Determine what impact has the facility environment, staff approach and the manner and form of providing the services on client's mental condition, inducing pleasant relaxation atmosphere and the overall enjoyment from the procedure. Discover insufficiencies and try to eliminate them, to help to create optimal environmental conditions for the Floating procedure. Mothod: This thesis has the character of qualitative empiric research. For the reseach has been used the exploring method with the technic of non-standardized questionnaires with closed as well as open qeustions. Examined population is a group of twenty people, 10 persons as a first time visitors and 10 persons regularly visiting the facility. Results: The research has verfied various aspects which have the impact on mental condition and enjoyment of the people. It has been determined that on the enjoyment of this procedure have a great impact personnel and professional approach of the staff, manner and form of providing the services and the overall environment where is the procedure located. We have ascertained difference between...

- 1 - Abstract: Name of thesis: Usage of floating for regeneration Goals of thesis: Assess which aspects have influence on final enjoyment of the floating procedure by comparison of survey results of two client's groups. Determine what impact has the facility environment, staff approach and the manner and form of providing the services on client's mental condition, inducing pleasant relaxation atmosphere and the overall enjoyment from the procedure. Discover insufficiencies and try to eliminate them, to help to create optimal environmental conditions for the floating procedure. Method: This thesis has the character of qualitative empiric research. For the reseach has been used the exploring method with the technic of non-standardized questionnaires with closed as well as open qeustions. Examined population is a group of twenty people, 10 persons as a first time visitors and 10 persons regularly visiting the facility. Results: The research has verfied various aspects which have the impact on mental condition and enjoyment of the people. It has been determined that on the enjoyment of this procedure have a great impact personnel and professional approach of the staff, manner and form of providing the services and the overall environment where is the procedure located. We have ascertained difference between...

An oft overlooked population in research, firefighters of volunteer and paid-on-call fire departments respond to nighttime calls as a supplement to their normal working hours, making the duties taxing on the autonomic system leading to cardiovascular and endocrine disruptions. These duties also come with a tax burden on the volume and distribution of sleep. The current study was executed in order to gain valuable insight into the impact of nighttime call response in this population and the magnitude and duration of any perturbations. Eight firefighters from Greater Victoria Volunteer and Paid-on-call departments were recruited to wear Equivital EQ02 heart monitors and FitBit Charge 2 devices to record autonomic cardiovascular responses and track sleep between 1900 and 0700. HR MAX was found to significantly increase with a large effect size (p<0.0005) from 97 +/- 20 to 157 +/- 18 beats per minute in the 15 minutes preceding versus following a call within the time period. LF/HF ratios increased during the first 15-minutes following a call to 4.055 +/- 1.316 from 1.911 +/- 0.599 pre-call. HF power, RMSSD, and pNN50 all decreased significantly compared to pre-call values (796.176 +/- 414.296 ms2 vs 244.119 +/- 153.880 ms2, 51.940 +/- 7.119 ms vs 35.072 +/- 2.624 ms, 25.017 +/- 7.034% vs 7.403 +/- 2.411%). Further, all HRV measures with the exception of normalized LF and HF were found to be significantly different when waking for and attending a call versus waking on a normal day despite there being no significant differences among any variables when going to bed on nights with and without a call. Total and REM sleep were the most significantly impacted measurables of sleep. Total sleep fell to 261.11 +/- 61.11 minutes from 417.13 +/- 52.04 minutes while REM absolute and percentage of total sleep dropped from 109.88 +/- 28.47 minutes to 51.44 +/- 17.92 minutes, and 22.25 +/- 3.73% to 16.33 +/- 3.17% respectively. In response to a call, mean salivary cortisol levels increased from pre-call values by 0.426 +/- 0.202 ug/dL (p<.001). Salivary c-reactive protein levels also showed significant increases with a small effect size, though due to secretion kinetics, call response is not the likely cause. The results of this study demonstrate the presence of a significant shift in autonomic control from parasympathetic (PSNS) dominance to sympathetic control and PSNS withdrawal which evokes a cortisol-mediated stress response of comparable magnitude to literature standards for normal waking fluxes. Sleep volume, and arguably the most critical stage of sleep, rapid eye movement, are significantly impacted and the links between cognitive performance and both total and overall REM sleep indicate that call response does not just impact the cardiovascular system but may in fact be reducing mental acuity of firefighters. This is important as it has the potential to impact both self and team health and safety, not only during night time call response, but at the firefighters’ day jobs which they regularly proceed to the very same morning following a call, evidently with significant deprivation in sleep. / Graduate