No abstract available.

Univ., Diss.--Heidelberg, 2000.

In this work, we establish the Lyapunov-type inequalities for the fractional boundary value problems with Hilfer derivative for different boundary conditions. We apply this inequality to fractional eigenvalue problems and prove one of the important results of real zeros of certain Mittag-Leffler functions and improve the bound of the eigenvalue using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and Semi-maximum norm. We extend it for higher order cases.

No description available.

Veiksmažodžių darybiniai sinonimai yra bendrašakniai, skirtingus darybos afiksus ir panašią arba tapačią leksinę reikšmę turintys vediniai. Iš Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodyno (2000, Vilnius) buvo išrinkti 1477 veiksmažodžių vediniai ir sudarytos 709 darybinių sinonimų eilės. Darybiniai sinonimai pagal darybos būdų santykiavimą suskirstyti į sinonimiškus priesagų vedinius ir sinonimiškus priešdėlių vedinius. Veiksmažodžių darybiniai sinonimai nepasižymi didele stilistine įvairove: tai dažniausiai neutralūs žodžiai (1412 vedinių), tačiau yra tokių vedinių, kurių bent vienas narys turi kokią nors pažymą: šnekamosios kalbos žodžiai (32 vediniai), tarmybės (12 vedinių). Veiksmažodžių vediniai gali turėti variantų (sudarytos 8 darybinių variantų poros). Veiksmažodžių darybiniai sinonimai gali skirtis vartosenos dažnumu. / Derivative synonyms of verbs are the kind of synonyms which have the same root, different derivational affixes and similar or identical lexical meaning. 1477 derivatives from the Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian published in 2000 were included into 709 rows of derivative synonyms. The rows of derivative synonyms are formed of the derivatives with various suffixes and prefixes. There are many derivative synonyms of verbs (1412 derivatives) which do not differ stylistically – all the synonyms belong to neutral lexicon. Stylistically marked items of the synonyms of verbs are colloquialism (32 derivatives), vernacularisms (12 derivatives). The derivatives of verbs can have variants (8 couple of derivative variants were formed). Derivative synonyms of verbs may be different in intensity – used frequently or seldom.

University of Macau / Faculty of Law

This thesis develops methodologies for the construction of various types of optimal designs with applications in maximum likelihood estimation and factorial structure design. The methodologies are applied to some real data sets throughout the thesis. We start with a broad review of optimal design theory including various types of optimal designs along with some fundamental concepts. We then consider a class of optimization problems and determine the optimality conditions. An important tool is the directional derivative of a criterion function. We study extensively the properties of the directional derivatives. In order to determine the optimal designs, we consider a class of multiplicative algorithms indexed by a function, which satisfies certain conditions. The most important and popular design criterion in applications is D-optimality. We construct such designs for various regression models and develop some useful strategies for better convergence of the algorithms. The remaining thesis is devoted to some important applications of optimal design theory. We first consider the problem of determining maximum likelihood estimates of the cell probabilities under the hypothesis of marginal homogeneity in a square contingency table. We formulate the Lagrangian function and remove the Lagrange parameters by substitution. We then transform the problem to one of maximizing some functions of the cell probabilities simultaneously. We apply this problem to some real data sets, namely, a US Migration data, and a data on grading of unaided distance vision. We solve another estimation problem to determine the maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of the latent variable models such as Bradley-Terry model where the data come from a paired comparisons experiment. We approach this problem by considering the observed frequency having a binomial distribution and then replacing the binomial parameters in terms of optimal design weights. We apply this problem to a data set from American League Baseball Teams. Finally, we construct some optimal structure designs for comparing test treatments with a control. We introduce different structure designs and establish their properties using the incidence and characteristic matrices. We also develop methods of obtaining optimal R-type structure designs and show how such designs are trace, A- and MV-optimal. / October 2016

Using a sample of 51 banking organizations, I examine the effect of the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard 133 on the belief heterogeneity of market participants and how this heterogeneity affects abnormal trading volume surrounding earnings announcements. SFAS 133 is the first standard to require that all derivatives be recognized at fair-value and that the fluctuations in derivative fair-values be reported in either net income or other comprehensive income. The behavior of derivative instruments and the fair-valuation and treatment prescribed by SFAS 133 are complex. Due to the underlying complexity of both derivatives and the accounting treatment prescribed by the SFAS 133 standard, I expect that investors may have differing interpretations of the newly provided information. My hypothesis is that the income effects arising from the fair-value accounting for derivatives (SFAS 133) are associated with an increase in differing beliefs among individuals. I find that the income effects of SFAS 133 are significantly and positively related to belief heterogeneity among investors. The net income and other comprehensive income effects of SFAS 133 are significantly and positively related to increasing levels of abnormal trading volume surrounding earnings announcements. Additionally, levels of SFAS 133 net income is positively and significantly associated with three measures of belief heterogeneity derived from analysts’ forecasts. In an extended analysis I model the SFAS 133 income effects on abnormal volume using the three belief heterogeneity measures as the conduit. I find support for two of the three heterogeneity measures acting as a conduit for the effect of the SFAS 133 related income measures on abnormal volume. The results of this study indicate that, while the recognized fair-value of derivatives is value relevant to equity prices (Ahmed, Kilic, & Lobo, 2006), the income effects of the same financial standard causes heterogeneity in beliefs about the firm. This suggests that, at least in the case of derivative fair-values, there exists a trade-off between value relevance and the strength of consensus surrounding beliefs in the market.

No description available.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 2014. / The period between 2008 and 2009 was an interesting and dramatic time for financial markets. This period marked the beginning of the financial tsunami that would plague global markets for many years to come. This economic meltdown had massive effects on many everyday issues such as house prices, interest rates and inflation. Investment banks were also affected with numerous investment banks either defaulting or being taken over by the U.S. Federal Reserve to avoid default. This group of investment banks include names such as Lehman Brothers, Bear Sterns, Fannie Mae, Freddy Mac and many more. The myth of “too big to fail” was tested and failed because of the number of banks that were allowed to default during the crisis. Many things have changed because of the crisis. One area in finance that has changed is the pricing of financial derivatives. The realisation that huge investment banks can default has dried up the liquidity in capital markets. Therefore banks cannot borrow a shortfall of cash at a risk-free rate anymore but rather at a significant spread over the risk-free rate. The risk-free rate is a core concept of derivative pricing. If investment banks cannot borrow and lend at the risk-free rate then the Black-Sholes-Merton theory laid down in the 1970’s may not be applicable post the credit crisis. The aim of this dissertation is to review the framework of Piterbarg, Burgard and Kjaer to price a general derivative post the credit crisis. This review includes a variety of numerical methods to implement the framework.