To, Tin Wei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-202). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.v / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vii / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xiv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xvi / LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.xviii / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction and background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Tourism in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Sustainable tourism development in the Hong Kong context --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Tourism cluster --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2 --- Conceptual framework --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research objectives --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research significance --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of thesis --- p.17 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1 --- Concept of Sustainable Tourism --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Development and definition of Sustainable Tourism --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Principles of Sustainable Tourism --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Methods of Sustainable Tourism assessment --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Indicators of Sustainable Tourism --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- Carrying Capacity --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.3.3 --- Other technical measures for Sustainable Tourism assessment --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.3.4 --- Perception study in Sustainable Tourism assessment --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2 --- Clustering of tourism resources --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Tourism cluster --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Advantages of the formation of tourism cluster --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3 --- The role of clustering of tourism resource in Sustainable Tourism development --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4 --- Situation of Hong Kong --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Trend and implementation of Sustainable Tourism in Hong Kong --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Clustering of tourism resource in Hong Kong --- p.44 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Tourism study conducted on Lantau Island --- p.47 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- STUDY AREA --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1 --- Inventory of Lantau Island --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Resources and attractions --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Capital --- p.58 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Policies and planning --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2 --- The Ngong Ping tourism cluster --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Tourist attractions --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Po Lin Monastery --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- The Big Buddha --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Ngong Ping 360 --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Wisdom Path --- p.71 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- METHODOLOGY --- p.73 / Chapter 4.1 --- Tourism Rapid Assessment (TRA) --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2 --- Hierarchical structure of tourism resources inventory of Lantau Island --- p.75 / Chapter 4.3 --- Interviews and questionnaire survey --- p.78 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Structured interview with stakeholders --- p.79 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Sample selection --- p.79 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Questionnaire design --- p.79 / Chapter 4.3.1.2.1 --- SWOT analysis --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3.1.2.2 --- In-depth open-ended interview --- p.81 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Data analysis --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3.1.3.1 --- Informal content analysis --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Structured questionnaire survey with tourists --- p.83 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Sample selection --- p.83 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Questionnaire design --- p.83 / Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- Data analysis --- p.84 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Structured interviews with local community --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Sample selection --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Questionnaire design --- p.86 / Chapter 4.3.3.3 --- Data analysis --- p.86 / Chapter 4.4 --- Perception of stakeholders as the basis for assessment --- p.87 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- UNDERSTANDING LANTAU ISLAND AND TOURISM CLUSTER FROM STAKEHOLDERS' PERSPECTIVE --- p.90 / Chapter 5.1 --- Results of SWOT analysis from stakeholders' perspective --- p.90 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Strengths --- p.95 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Weaknesses --- p.96 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Opportunities --- p.98 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Threats --- p.99 / Chapter 5.2 --- Understanding Sustainable Tourism and tourism cluster by stakeholders --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- "General attitudes about ""Sustainable Tourism""" --- p.101 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Tourism policies and development of Hong Kong and Lantau Island --- p.102 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Tourism cluster on Lantau Island --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Performance of Ngong Ping tourism cluster in the context of Sustainable Tourism --- p.106 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- ATTRACTIONS AND PERCEPTION OF NGONG PING TOURISM CLUSTER --- p.110 / Chapter 6.1 --- Results of questionnaire survey with tourists --- p.110 / Chapter 6.2 --- Perception and satisfaction of tourists in Ngong Ping tourism cluster --- p.113 / Chapter 6.3 --- Understanding Sustainable Tourism --- p.119 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Performance of tourism cluster in the context of Sustainable Tourism --- p.122 / Chapter 6.3.1.1 --- Environmental aspect --- p.123 / Chapter 6.3.1.2 --- Socio-cultural aspect --- p.125 / Chapter 6.3.1.3 --- Economic aspect --- p.126 / Chapter 6.4 --- Investigation from the local community perspective --- p.127 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Impacts of Ngong Ping tourism cluster in the context of Sustainable Tourism --- p.128 / Chapter 6.4.1.1 --- Environmental impacts --- p.129 / Chapter 6.4.1.2 --- Socio-cultural impacts --- p.132 / Chapter 6.4.1.3 --- Economic impacts --- p.134 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- DISCUSSIONS - DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM ON LANTAU ISLAND --- p.135 / Chapter 7.1 --- Review of tourism policies in Hong Kong and Lantau Island --- p.135 / Chapter 7.2 --- Interests of respondents --- p.140 / Chapter 7.3 --- Meaning and Conceptualization of Sustainable Tourism --- p.142 / Chapter 7.4 --- Potentials and limitations of Lantau Island for Sustainable Tourism development --- p.144 / Chapter 7.4.1 --- Potentials of Lantau Island for Sustainable Tourism development --- p.145 / Chapter 7.4.1.1 --- Natural and cultural resources with diversified attractions --- p.145 / Chapter 7.4.1.2 --- Improved transport networks --- p.146 / Chapter 7.4.1.3 --- Availability of trails --- p.146 / Chapter 7.4.1.4 --- Distinct location: rural destination for leisure --- p.147 / Chapter 7.4.1.5 --- Environmental initiative of The Ngong Ping 360 Project --- p.147 / Chapter 7.4.1.6 --- Nature Conservation Policy --- p.147 / Chapter 7.4.1.7 --- Benefits of tourism clustering for sustainability --- p.148 / Chapter 7.4.2 --- Limitations of Lantau Island for Sustainable Tourism development --- p.149 / Chapter 7.4.2.1 --- Lack of long term vision and holistic planning --- p.149 / Chapter 7.4.2.2 --- Absence of guidelines and regulation for the implementation of Sustainable Tourism practices --- p.150 / Chapter 7.4.2.3 --- Lack of awareness and promotion of Sustainable Tourism --- p.151 / Chapter 7.4.2.4 --- Lack of local community participation --- p.152 / Chapter 7.4.2.5 --- Economic oriented development with many purposely- built artificial attractions --- p.153 / Chapter 7.4.2.6 --- Did not utilize the benefits of tourism clustering --- p.153 / Chapter 7.5 --- Performance of tourism cluster in Ngong Ping in the context of Sustainable Tourism --- p.155 / Chapter 7.5.1 --- Protection of the destination's resources attractions --- p.155 / Chapter 7.5.2 --- Visitor satisfaction with their experience --- p.156 / Chapter 7.5.3 --- Residents assessment on tourism development --- p.157 / Chapter 7.5.4 --- Return on investment --- p.158 / Chapter CHAPTER 8 --- CONCLUSION --- p.162 / Chapter 8.1 --- Summary of findings --- p.162 / Chapter 8.1.1 --- Concept of Sustainable Tourism --- p.162 / Chapter 8.1.2 --- SWOT of Lantau Island --- p.163 / Chapter 8.1.3 --- Performance of Ngong Ping tourism cluster in the context of Sustainable Tourism --- p.165 / Chapter 8.2 --- Strategy and recommendations for Sustainable Tourism Development --- p.166 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Establishment of vision and principles for Sustainable Tourism development with holistic planning --- p.167 / Chapter 8.2.1.1 --- "Reach consensus, set clear vision with all-inclusive planning" --- p.167 / Chapter 8.2.1.2 --- Conservation of natural environment as the primary principle --- p.170 / Chapter 8.2.1.3 --- Involvement of all stakeholders through consultation --- p.171 / Chapter 8.2.1.4 --- Using research and baseline information --- p.172 / Chapter 8.2.1.5 --- Sustainable Tourism implementation and monitoring --- p.174 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- Promotion of tourism clustering --- p.175 / Chapter 8.2.2.1 --- Enhance the attractiveness of destinations --- p.175 / Chapter 8.2.2.2 --- Enhancing sustainability by tourism clustering --- p.175 / Chapter 8.2.3 --- Utilization of existing resources and encouraging local participation --- p.176 / Chapter 8.2.3.1 --- Make use of existing assets instead of constructing artificial attractions --- p.176 / Chapter 8.2.3.2 --- Encourage more local communities' participation --- p.177 / Chapter 8.2.4 --- "Education, training and provision of sufficient supporting facilities" --- p.178 / Chapter 8.2.4.1 --- Increase awareness on the importance of Sustainable Tourism development --- p.178 / Chapter 8.2.4.2 --- Provision of tour guides and staff training --- p.179 / Chapter 8.2.4.3 --- Provision of sufficient supporting infrastructures and facilities --- p.180 / Chapter 8.3 --- Limitations of the study --- p.181 / Chapter 8.4 --- Recommendations for further studies --- p.183 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.185 / APPENDICES --- p.203

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We report on initial experiments with an implemented learning system whose inputs are images of two-dimensional shapes. The system first builds semantic network descriptions of shapes based on Brady's smoothed local symmetry representation. It learns shape models form them using a substantially modified version of Winston's ANALOGY program. A generalization of Gray coding enables the representation to be extended and also allows a single operation, called ablation, to achieve the effects of many standard induction heuristics. The program can learn disjunctions, and can learn concepts suing only positive examples. We discuss learnability and the pervasive importance of representational hierarchies.

Detection of targets in hyperspectral images is a specific case of one-class classification. It is particularly relevant in the area of remote sensing and has received considerable interest in the past few years. The thesis proposes the use of wavelet functions as kernels with Support Vector Data Description for target detection in hyperspectral images. Specifically, it proposes the Adaptive Wavelet Kernel Support Vector Data Description (AWK-SVDD) that learns the optimal wavelet function to be used given the target signature. The performance and computational requirements of AWK-SVDD is compared with that of existing methods and other wavelet functions. An introduction to target detection and target detection in the context of hyperspectral images is given. This thesis also includes an overview of the thesis and lists the contributions of the thesis. A brief mathematical background into one-class classification in reference to target detection is included. Also described are the existing methods and introduces essential concepts relevant to the proposed approach. The use of wavelet functions as kernels with Support Vector Data Description, the conditions for use of wavelet functions and the use of two functions in order to form the kernel are checked and analyzed. The proposed approach, AWKSVDD, is mathematically described. The details of the implementation and the results when applied to the Urban dataset of hyperspectral images with a random target signature are given. The results confirm the better performance of AWK-SVDD compared to conventional kernels, wavelet kernels and the two-function Morlet-Radial Basis Function kernel. The problems faced with convergence during the Support Vector Data Description optimization are discussed. The thesis concludes with the suggestions for future work.

Dans ce mémoire, nous analysons la description de diagrammes structurés dans le domaine des mathématiques discrètes et de l'informatique théorique. Cette analyse s'effectue à partir de méthodes établies du génie logiciel. Nous trouvons un ensemble de propriétés que nous recherchons dans une solution informatique nous permettant de créer ces diagrammes. Nous analysons aussi les outils classiques à partir des propriétés précédentes qui nous permettent de réaliser ces diagrammes dans un environnement LATEX. Nous observons que ces outils ne sont pas aussi puissants qu'ils le pourraient en fonction des propriétés établies par notre analyse. Par la suite, en nous basant sur les méthodes de représentation graphique des courbes et sur la théorie des langages informatiques, nous jetons les bases d'un langage de description. Nous présentons aussi un outil, développé en Java qui nous permet de décrire aisément nos diagrammes d'informatique théorique et de mathématiques discrètes à partir d'une hiérarchie d'objets claire et extensible. Nous avons implémenté les éléments essentiels de notre langage en SDDL (Structured Diagram Description Language). Nous l'avons aussi validé à l'aide d'exemples représentatifs tirés de sources d'autorité. Nous avons finalement présenté notre solution dans le cadre de la conférence TUG 2010. Nous l'avons aussi présenté avec un article dans la revue du TeX Users Groups, TUG. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : diagrammes, informatique théorique, mathématiques discrètes, langage

Model checking is an automated technique for the verification of finite-state systems that is widely used in practice. In model checking, a model M is verified against a specification $\varphi$, exhaustively checking that the tree of all computations of M satisfies $\varphi$. When $\varphi$ fails to hold in M, the negative result is accompanied by a counterexample: a computation in M that demonstrates the failure. State of the art model checkers apply Binary Decision Diagrams(BDDs) as well as satisfiability solvers for this task. However, both methods suffer from the state explosion problem, which restricts the application of model checking to only modestly sized systems. The importance of model checking makes it worthwhile to explore alternative technologies, in the hope of broadening the applicability of the technique to a wider class of systems. Description Logic (DL) is a family of knowledge representation formalisms based on decidable fragments of first order logic. DL is used mainly for designing ontologies in information systems. In recent years several DL reasoners have been developed, demonstrating an impressive capability to cope with very large ontologies. This work consists of two parts. In the first we harness the growing ability of DL reasoners to solve model checking problems. We show how DL can serve as a natural setting for representing and solving a model checking problem, and present a variety of encodings that translate such problems into consistency queries in DL. Experimental results, using the Description Logic reasoner FaCT++, demonstrate that for some systems and properties, our method can outperform existing ones. In the second part we approach a different aspect of model checking. When a specification fails to hold in a model and a counterexample is presented to the user, the counterexample may itself be complex and difficult to understand. We propose an automatic technique to find the computation steps and their associated variable values, that are of particular importance in generating the counterexample. We use the notion of causality to formally define a set of causes for the failure of the specification on the given counterexample. We give a linear-time algorithm to detect the causes, and we demonstrate how these causes can be presented to the user as a visual explanation of the failure.

Model checking is an automated technique for the verification of finite-state systems that is widely used in practice. In model checking, a model M is verified against a specification $\varphi$, exhaustively checking that the tree of all computations of M satisfies $\varphi$. When $\varphi$ fails to hold in M, the negative result is accompanied by a counterexample: a computation in M that demonstrates the failure. State of the art model checkers apply Binary Decision Diagrams(BDDs) as well as satisfiability solvers for this task. However, both methods suffer from the state explosion problem, which restricts the application of model checking to only modestly sized systems. The importance of model checking makes it worthwhile to explore alternative technologies, in the hope of broadening the applicability of the technique to a wider class of systems. Description Logic (DL) is a family of knowledge representation formalisms based on decidable fragments of first order logic. DL is used mainly for designing ontologies in information systems. In recent years several DL reasoners have been developed, demonstrating an impressive capability to cope with very large ontologies. This work consists of two parts. In the first we harness the growing ability of DL reasoners to solve model checking problems. We show how DL can serve as a natural setting for representing and solving a model checking problem, and present a variety of encodings that translate such problems into consistency queries in DL. Experimental results, using the Description Logic reasoner FaCT++, demonstrate that for some systems and properties, our method can outperform existing ones. In the second part we approach a different aspect of model checking. When a specification fails to hold in a model and a counterexample is presented to the user, the counterexample may itself be complex and difficult to understand. We propose an automatic technique to find the computation steps and their associated variable values, that are of particular importance in generating the counterexample. We use the notion of causality to formally define a set of causes for the failure of the specification on the given counterexample. We give a linear-time algorithm to detect the causes, and we demonstrate how these causes can be presented to the user as a visual explanation of the failure.

In system-on-chips, system architecture designs greatly affect cost, performance, and power consumption of the systems. In system design time, we thus need to perform system architecture exploration. In order to effectively support architecture exploration, we improve de-efficiency of current architecture description languages and produce new ways of architecture description, including multiple architecture pattern descriptions and generalized coding description. Together with existing architecture description methods, we form a generalized architecture description language. In this thesis research, in order to support verification of designs in the generalized architecture description language, we designed its simulator software. The simulator should support the descriptions of the architecture description language, including structural description, behavioral description, coding description, multiple architecture pattern descriptions, and hardware data structures. We implemented the simulator software in several software modules, including simulator engine, parser design, interpreter design, generalized decoder design, multiple architecture pattern descriptions, and hardware data structures. We thus can effectively support the verification capability of the architecture description language.

¡§Job Analysis¡¨ is the basic constitution of human resource management, and it is also a management activity in an organization. The main purpose is to collect, analyze, and integrate all kinds of information from the job and its correlation. ¡§Job analysis¡¨ also offers objective, sciential, and useful messages in order to organize projects and plans out human resource management and other administrative functions. Two kinds of reading reports that are ¡§Job description¡¨ and ¡§Job specification¡¨ can be the result of job analysis. ¡§Job description¡¨ is the standard description of jobs in human resource. ¡§Routine¡¨ is the main purpose of job description, for example, mission, duty, and responsibility, and etc., ¡§Job description¡¨ can provide overall details and deep-going description in order to set up the foundation in human resource or other administrative work. Besides, every employee and staff can comprehend the aim exactly that their organization wants to succeed. ¡§Job specification¡¨ is the foundation and definition of qualification in hiring employee and staff. Moreover, ¡§people¡¨ is the central point, for example, knowledge, technology, ability, job quality and etc., The main goal is to describe the standard qualification in each position. It can provide the basis in hiring, selecting, training, evaluation, and deploying. This research is to adopt observation, work diary, questionnaires, and interview in processing job analysis. It is an integrated method. The ¡¨Job Description¡¨ and the ¡§Job Specification¡¨ are the consequence of utilizing job analysis. Moreover, this research is to investigate the problems that the case companies will face. In addition, job analysis can provide the analysis of difference altogether. The conclusion is as following: 1.To establish ¡§Job Description¡¨ and ¡§Job Specification,¡¨ and to describe the details for each employee and staff. As a result, it has the standard requirement. Select different persons for different duties; recruit and utilize talented people; be well suited with one¡¦s place; get twofold results with half the effort. 2.To provide the forecast of human resource in case company, to know the work content exactly, and the qualification of talent. The purpose is to be prepared beforehand and supply the internal training for employee and staff in case the insufficient of external talent. 3.It is the foundation to have an efficient educational training, the job description and the job specification can provide the resource of educational training for case company in the future. 4.In the procedure of job analysis, it is obviously that employee and staff¡¦s level of quality are inadequate. Thus, the best way of improving quality is to modify the hiring standard rules and to train internal employee and staff at the same time. Work both ways can strengthen the competitive power of the organization. 5.In case company, the talent of middle managers are insufficient, and the manage talents are not enough. This shortcoming should be improved and let all employee and staff understand the importance of human resource management activity.

Although technology is well developed, personal data is well spread in internet ,too. We can see a lot of privacy invasion in PTT. People can find a lot of data about someone from his name or movie. People are afraid of being caught in internet. But why some people support this kind of privacy invasion but some don¡¦t. What is the main factor? This study uses description and different kind of event to observe if description can affect people¡¦s decision toward privacy invasion. We separate description into violate and non-violate, and we use two stage survey to observe when people face different kind of description, is there any different between violate and non-violate description toward privacy decision making. In the end, we find how sex, description, and event affect privacy decision making, and we bring up a suggestion of privacy situational desion and the main factor toward privacy decision making.