Thesis (LL. M.)--Judge Advocate General's School, U.S. Army, 1960. / "April 1960." Typescript. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in microfiche.

Nepriklausomybės kovų laikotarpiu savos kariuomenės kūrimas neturėjo reikiamo populiarumo visuomenės akyse, savanorių pagrindu organizuota Lietuvos kariuomenė sunkiai galėjo apginti valstybės sienas ir įtvirtinti valstybingumą. Nemaža dalis pašauktų vyrų karo tarnybon stojo nenoriai, slapstėsi, bėgo į užsienį. Lietuvos kariuomenę palikdavo mažiausiai kas penktas-šeštas mobilizuotas ar pašauktas vyras. Bendras Lietuvos kariuomenės dezertyrų skaičius 1919-1920 m. viršijo 20 000. Didelis pabėgimų iš karo tarnybos karių skaičius buvo sąlygotas, tiek išorinių, tiek vidinių aplinkybių – išorės priešų grėsmė, karių paruošimo ir aprūpinimo klausimas, tautinių kadrų trūkumas, tautinės savivokos problema. Įgimtas neigimas valdžios ir antimilitarizmas atsispindėjo ir vykdant mobilizacijas - nemaža dalis pašauktų vyrų karo tarnybon stojo nenoriai, slapstėsi, bėgo į užsienį. Nuo tarnybos bandė išsisukti kas trečias- ketvirtas pašauktas krašto vyras (26-35 %). Daliai Lietuvos gyventojų buvo sunkiai suvokiamas valstybingumo siekis. Nemaža dalis lietuvių tarnavo Lenkijos kariuomenėje - buvo užverbuoti Vokietijos belaisvių stovyklose arba mobilizuoti Lenkijos valdžios. 1920 m. I pusmetį padažnėjo Lenkijos kariuomenės karių perbėgimai į lietuvių pusę. 48% visų Lenkijos kariuomenės perbėgelių lietuvių fronte buvo mobilizuoti iš Suvalkų, Vilniaus ir Gardino apskričių. Nepriklausomybės kovų dezertyravusių karių socialinė priklausomybė buvo pakankamai marga - tai buvo skirtingo amžiaus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The founding of own army in the years of Wars of Independence was not considered as a necessity for a society, and the volunteer forces of Lithuanian army was poorly organized and could hardly defend the frontiers of the country and consolidate its autonomy. A great number of men did not want to join the army, so were hiding or running away to foreign countries. Every five – six mobilized or called up men refused to join the Lithuanian army. The number of Lithuanian army deserters in years 1919 – 1920 exeeded 20.000. This fact was determined by both interior and exterior reasons: the threat from external enemies, the army preparation and maintenance problems, the lack of national recruiters, the absence of national and political consciousness. Inherent negation of authority and anti – militarism during mobilization was men's prevalent attitude. Every three – four men (26 - 35%) tried to evade th military service. The great part of lithuanians did not realized the significance and necessity of independence. One part of lithuanian men were recruited in the German prisoner – of – war camps or mobilized by the government of Poland and served in the Polish army. In the first half – year of 1920 the great number of soldiers who had gone over to Lithuanian army was noticed. 48% of all Polish army men who had deserted were mobilized from the districts of Suvalkai, Vilnius and Gardin. Deserters in the War if Independence were of different age, different social status and... [to full text]

Magister Artium - MA (Anthropology/Sociology) / This study examines the fears of Rwandan army deserters who oppose President Kagame, of being found by the External Security Organisation (ESO), a Rwandan spy organisation meant to sniff them out wherever they are in exile: in this case Cape Town, South Africa. The army deserters are perceived as both a political and military threat to the survival of President Kagame. I argue that the fear of being hunted is a real threat which (re)produces 'militarised identities' as these former soldiers employ their military training skills to hide from the ESO in South Africa. In this I employ Foucault's (1977) concept of 'panopticism' to examine these army deserters' experiences of surveillance by the ESO and also Vigh's (2006) concept of 'social navigation' to understand how the army deserters 'scan' and manoeuvre the exile terrain. In substantiating the thesis argument, my study draws from six in-depth interviews and conversations with Rwandan army deserters living in Cape Town. It also made use of thematic analysis, drawing themes from the data on which it is based.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Frankfurt (Main), 2005/06. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [207]-221).

In 1974, President Ford began the arduous task of healing the wounds sustained by the United States during the Vietnam War. His controversial clemency plan gave those who had either deserted the military or those who evaded the draft the chance to earn their way back into American society. President Ford was willing to face this opposition to move the country closer to resolving an issue that was tearing the nation apart. In the applications to Ford’s Presidential Clemency Board, thousands of deserters and evaders reveal their motivations, and in doing so present a large body of evidence that contradicts the usual perception of the Vietnam “draft-dodger” and deserter. In the transition between the hardline anti-clemency position of President Nixon, and the full clemency position of President Carter, Ford took strong measures to achieve resolution, and the evidence herein could suggest a reappraisal of the Ford presidency.

This thesis deals with the issues of military deserters from the imperial-royal army at the period of the enlightened absolutism, thus during the reign of Maria Theresa and her sons Joseph II and Leopold II. Based on written as well as printed sources, originated mainly from the activity of the supreme provincial offices of the Kingdom of Bohemia at this time, an explanation on the questions of deserters' punishments, their limited pardons and mutual exchanges, made between the Habsburg Monarchy and her allies, has been offered. Moreover, the attention has been paid to the state's approach to the inhabitants that either provided aid to the deserters, or vice versa participated in their pursuit and capture. The last part of the text has been devoted to the registries of military deserters who originated from Bohemia, with the main emphasis on the Seven Years' War, because these registries have been preserved mostly for this conflict. Key words military deserters, enlightened absolutism, enlightened reforms, Czech Gubernium, War of the Austrian Succession, Seven Years' War, Maria Theresa, Joseph II

À la Libération, vu les pénuries et les restrictions, le troc, entre civils et militaires américains, s’organise tout naturellement. Mais, les produits de l’U.S. Army font rapidement l’objet de trafics, essentiellement basés sur un échange monétaire. En Seine-et-Oise, au cours des premiers mois de liberté, ce phénomène économique enregistre un développement au processus rapide, favorisé par l’installation de troupes et d’infrastructures américaines ainsi que par le désenchantement de la Libération. En 1945, vu le contexte militaire, économique et social, l’expansion des trafics est fulgurante. D’ailleurs, la gangstérisation des relations, entre certains civils et militaires, et l’inertie des polices franco-américaines et de la justice française ont largement contribué à cette expansion. Les trafiquants professionnels et occasionnels volent, recèlent ou trafiquent, dans la plupart des cas, des vêtements, des chaussures, des textiles, des denrées alimentaires, de l’essence ou des pneumatiques. Mais, du redéploiement des troupes américaines au retour d’un marché libre, ces trafics de proximité perdent brusquement de leur importance. L’année 1946 marque les derniers temps forts de ce marché clandestin. De 1947 à 1949, les trafiquants assistent à la disparition des trafics et à la fin d’une époque dorée. Car, malgré les mésententes locales et l’antipathie réciproque, ces trafics ont enregistré un succès phénoménal. Les civils et les militaires américains étaient conscients de la brièveté de cette manne. Cependant, en 1950, même si le contexte économique diffère totalement, les trafics de produits américains vont réapparaître aux abords des bases militaires américaines de l’OTAN. / At the Liberation, in circumstances of scarcity and restrictions, barter between civilians and American servicemen developed quite naturally. But the U.S. Army goods quickly became the object of illicit sales, mainly for cash. In Seine-et-Oise, during the first months of freedom, this economic phenomenon developed rapidly, facilitated by the installation of American troops and infrastructures as well as by the disillusionment that followed Liberation. In 1945, given the military, economic and social context, the expansion of black market traffic was sensational. Moreover, the gangsterization of relations between some civilians and servicemen and the inertia of Franco-American policing and French justice contributed significantly to this expansion. The professional and occasional traffickers stole, received stolen goods and dealt mainly in clothing, shoes, textiles, foodstuffs, gasoline or tires. With the redeployment of the American troops and the return of the free market, these convenience transactions lost their importance abruptly. The year 1946 marked the last surge of this illicit market. From 1947 to 1949, the traffickers saw the decline of black market traffic and the end of a golden era. Despite local misunderstandings and mutual antipathy, this traffic was phenomenally successful. The civilians and the American servicemen were aware that this opportunity would be brief. However, in 1950, in a very different economic context, the traffic in U.S. Army goods would reappear around the American military bases established as part of NATO.

This thesis concerns military invalids, deserters and delinquents in the Imperial-Royal Army during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763). Its essence lies in the research of documents originated from the activity of the Representations and Chambers, the supreme representative offices in Bohemia and Moravia. The elementary methodological approach comes from a positivist conception, therefore it interprets the information found within the sources as a story (in a certain sense of word) based on the reality which is recorded by them. The theoretical part is enhanced by the outcomes of study of auxiliary books called Elenchs that provide information even about such sources that have not been preserved till today. Thus, I try to answer the question to which extent it is still possible to use them. The main component of the work is formed by three chapters which are dedicated to particular categories of the military persons in an order stated above. Within them, I present the results of the source research that, in the case of the invalids, concern notably their economic security and utilization for the Habsburg Monarchy's war effort. The chapter about the military deserters continues my previous research and amends it (among else) with newly found facts within the sphere of the enlightened-absolutist...