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Yes / In this work, adsorption desulfurization is considered for making cleaner fuel. New efficient adsorbents have been designed by using two active metal oxides mainly potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and potassium phosphate (KPO4·3H2O) on Activated Carbon (AC). Ultrasonic assisted impregnation method (IWI) is used in designing the adsorbents offering high pore volume, pore size, surface chemistry, and high surface area. Use of ultrasonic method increases the dispersion of the active material (groups) on AC leading to increased number of collisions between O-atom on AC-support resulting in high sulfur removal from fuel. KMnO4 on AC shows higher adsorption capacity towards sulfur than KPO4·3H2O at the same operating conditions. New results with respect to sulfur removal has obtained compared with those obtained by previous studies. Finally, the adsorption kinetic parameters of such process are developed. Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models and the experimental data are used for this purpose using linear and non-linear regression analysis. Yoon-Nelson kinetic model fits well with the experiments data better than Thomas kinetic model in the entire adsorption column system.

Yes / Batch oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process is investigated here for the removal sulfur compound from light naphtha using homemade new nano-catalyst. The catalyst is made of manganese dioxide supported on zeolite nanoparticles which shows an excellent catalytic performance with good impregnation, high activity, good pore size distribution and larger surface area. Different reaction temperature, time and initial sulfur concentration are used to have a deeper insight of the process. The experimental results reveal that the conversion of sulfur compound is increased by increasing the initial sulfur concentration, the reaction temperature and batch time. A mathematical model of the process is developed and validated using the experimental data within gPROMS software with high accuracy. The validated model (errors less than 5% between experimental and predicted results) is then utilized to obtain the optimal operation conditions of the process giving maximum conversion of sulfur (higher than 99%) resulting in an environmentally friendly fuel.

Yes / Production of clean fuel has recently become one of the most important goals for petroleum refining industries. The objective of this work is to obtain such clean fuel using simple and easy process under safe conditions. For this purpose, batch oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process is considered here to remove sulfur compounds found in light gas oil using a new composite synthetic homemade nano-catalyst. First the support for the new catalyst, which is HY zeolite nanoparticles, is prepared using sol-gel method. The support is then employed to generate the synthetic composite nano-catalyst which is made of copper oxide and nickel oxide using the impregnation method with different proportions of the active components such as: 5% CuO +25 % NiO, 10 % CuO +20 % NiO, 15 % CuO +15 % NiO, 20 % CuO +10 % NiO and 25 % CuO +5% NiO. An excellent distribution of the active metals with high surface area and pore volume as a result high activity has obtained. A fully automated batch reactor is used for the oxidative desulphurization of sulfur compounds and the performance of the new nano-catalyst at different safe reaction conditions (reaction temperature from 353−413 K, reaction time from 30−90 min) is evaluated in terms of sulfur removal.