Foreign direct investments, FDI, have been increasing a lot the latest years and a significant part of the total investments made are allocated to the real es-tate industry. This paper is investigating the impact of several di˙erent macro variables on foreign direct investment allocated to real estate at the Swedish market. The objective of the thesis is to investigate what factors that a˙ects the inflow of FDI, i.e. are there any factors that can be used as indicators for an attractive market seen from a foreign investor perspective? This is done by regression analysis on a data set containing monthly data with 146 observa-tions, where the levels of foreign direct investments is the dependent variable and the di˙erent factors are the independent variables. The variables used in the regression are chosen based on earlier findings regarding their impact on FDI, but applied on a developed country. The variables are di˙erent ma-jor macroeconomic variables such as lagged transaction volume, stock market performance, inflation, currency level, interest rate and unemployment. The findings of the regression are that both lagged transaction volume and level of unemployment are significant variables on a 1% and 5% level respectively. The results suggest that investors tend to invest in hot markets and follow each other, plausibly that smaller investors shadows pioneers on the specific market. Level of unemployment was found significant with a negative sign, meaning that when unemployment levels are decreasing, the transaction volume will increase. Seeing decreasing unemployment as a factor for a prospering country, it is plausible that the parameter has an impact on the real estate transaction volume. Variables not found support for are stock performance, inflation, currency levels and interest rate. / Utländska direktinvesteringar har ökat markant de senaste åren och en sig-nifikant del av dessa investeringar I fastigheter. Den här rapporten undersöker inverkan av olika makrofaktorer på nivån av utländska direktinvesteringar på den svenska marknaden. Målet med rapporten är att undersöka om några av dessa faktorer kan användas som indikatorer för hur attraktiv den svenska fastighetsmarknaden är för utländska investerare. Det här har undersökts med hjälp av regressionsanalys på data som samlats på månadsbasis med 146 ob-servationer. Den beroende variabeln är nivån av utländska direktinvesteringar och de oberoende variablerna är de olika makrofaktorerna. De oberoende vari-ablerna är valda baserat på tidigare forskning, variabler som börsutveckling, BNP, nivå på arbetslöshet, laggad investeringsvolym med flera. Resultatet av regressionen visar att laggad investeringsvolym och nivån på arbetslöshet är signifikanta på 1% respektive 5% nivå. Resultatet implicerar att investerare föl-jer varandra, alternativt att de baserar beslut på samma faktorer när de väljer att investera. Arbetslösheten verkar ha någon slags implikation på framtida nivåer av utländska investeringar. Variablerna som inte var signifikanta var börsutveckling, inflation, växelkurs samt reporänta.

This project was performed on assigment of Vattenfall R&D in Älvkarleby. The project was a first step in evaluating whether bubble curtains with vertical tubes could be suitable for diverting fish from hydro power intakes into fish passages. To determine this, prototypes were constructed, where one was tested in still water and one in running water. The tests in still water were carried out in a large cylindrical tank and the tests in running water were carried out in Kungsr¨annan in ¨Alvkarleby. A number of test variables were developed to be able to vary the tests. These test variables were hole size, number of holes, tube center-to-center distance, air flow and water velocity. The tests were carried out without fish, but a number of indicators were developed to be able to compare and evaluate the tests. For the tests in still water, these indicators were the width of the bubble curtain created by a single tube and the horizontal movement of the air bubbles, to determine whether the hydrostatic pressure from the surrounding water had any effect on the appearance of the bubble curtain. For the tests in running water, the indicators were the bubble curtain density, the curvature of the tubes and the movement of the tubes. All experiments were documented using cameras and the results were then obtained through image processing in the software MATLAB. The results showed that the width of the bubble curtain created by a single tube varied between 12 and 34 cm for pressures between 0.5 and 2.0 bar. It was concluded that the hydrostatic pressure was of minimal significance for the appearance of the bubble curtain, at least for depths up to 1.95 m. For the tests in running water, the air flow rate and tube center-to-center distance was of the greatest importance for the bubble curtain density. The curvature of the tubes were most affected by the size of the holes and the movement of the tubes were most affected by the number of holes. / Detta projekt utfördes på uppdrag av Vattenfall R&D i Älvkarleby. Projektet var ett första steg i att utvärdera om bubbelridåer med vertikala slangar skulle kunna lämpa sig för att avleda fisk från vattenkraftverk vidare mot fiskpassager. För att avgöra detta konstruerades prototyper, där en testades i stilla vatten och en i rinnande vatten. Testerna i stilla vatten utfördes i en stor cylindrisk tank och testerna i rinnande vatten utfördes i Kungsrännan i Älvkarleby. Ett antal testvariabler togs fram för att kunna variera testerna. Dessa testvariabler var hålstorlek, antal hål, avstånd mellan slangarnas centrum, luftflöde samt vattenhastighet. Testerna gjordes utan fisk, men ett antal indikatorer togs fram för att kunna jämföra och utvärdera testerna. För testerna i stilla vatten var dessa indikatorer bubbelridåns bredd skapad av en enskild slang samt luftbubblornas horisontella förflyttning, för att avgöra om det hydrostatiska trycket från omgivande vattnet hade någon effekt på bubbelridåns utseende. För testerna i rinnande vatten var indikatorerna bubbelridåns täthet, slangens krökning samt slangens rörelser. Alla experiment dokumenterades med hjälp av kameror och resultaten togs sedan fram genom bildhantering i programvaran MATLAB. Resultaten visade att bubbelridåns bredd skapad av en enskild slang varierade mellan 12 och 34 cm för tryck mellan 0,5 och 2,0 bar. Det bedömdes att det hydrostatiska trycket var av minimal betydelse för bubbelridåns utseende, åtminstone för djup upp till 1,95 m. För testerna i rinnande vatten visade resultaten att luftflödet och avståndet mellan slangarnas centrum var av störst betydelse förr bubbelridåns täthet. Slangens krökning påverkades mest av hålens storlek och slangens rörelser påverkades mest av antalet hål.

Under 2014 genomförde Ryssland framför ögonen på resten av världen en annektering av Krimhalvön i Ukraina. Västvärlden var i det som närmast kan beskrivas som en chock över detta offensiva beteende. Utan någon förvarning så flyttade Ryssland med stöd av "små gröna män" fram sina positioner på Krimhalvön. En ny taktik användes och strider blandades med andra medel och metoder i det som populärt kan uttryckas som gråzonen. Denna undersökning besvarar följande problemformulering med stöd av en kvalitativ textanalys i form av en dokumentundersökning. Utifrån ett säkerhetsstrategiskt perspektiv; Hur kan problamtiken med hybrida hot i gråzonen beskrivas och hur omhändertas dessa i den nationella säkerhetsstrategin? Genom att läsa i empiri och teori om gråzon, hybrida hot och säkerhetsstrategier skapar sig författarna en modell för analys. Denna analysmodell används sedan för att analysera den (Svenska) nationella säkerhetstrategin som publicerades 2017. Analysmodellen grundar sig på de av Treverton identifierade hybrida hoten: Desinformation, cyberattacker, ekonomiska påtryckningar, irreguljära beväpnade styrkor, reguljära beväpnade styrkor.Undersökningen visar att den nationella säkerhetsstrategin, trots en bristande tydlighet inom vissa områden och en bristande balans mellan mål, metoder och medel, identifierar och ger styrningar för omhändertagandet av de identifierade hybrida hoten. Vidare visar säkerhetsstrategin på en bred förståelse och tolkning av begreppen hybrida hot och gråzonen, utan att försöka definiera dessa komplexa begrepp. Då analysmodellen appliceras, belyses en möjlig hotbild; miljöhot. Resultaten av analysen visar också att det kan vara klokt att beskriva just de samtida hoten och utnyttjande av dessa, istället för att argumentera avseende definitioner. Författarna menar att det är av större vikt att skapa en större förståelse för fenomenen, i syfte att åstadkomma en allomfattande ansats för att motverka de verkliga effekterna av hoten. / In 2014 Russia, in front of the rest of the world, claimed and performed an annexing of Crimea. The larger parts of the western world were left in shock. Without any acknowledgment Russia moved forward with “little green men” and implied a different tactic. It was not officially war and nor peace, the fighting and the action took place in what was popularly named as the gray zone. This thesis is answering the following questions by using a qualitative document examination. From a strategic security perspective: How can the problem regarding hybrid threats in the gray zone be described and how does the national Swedish strategy respond to these threats? By reading and concluding existing theory about hybrid threats within the gray zone the authors have created their own model of analysis to utilize on the Swedish National Security Strategy. The model of analysis consists of the five main hybrid threats chosen from the theory presented by Treverton: Disinformation, Cyber-attacks, Economic pressure, Irregular armed forces and Regular forces.The thesis concludes that although unclear and found lacking in coherence regarding ends, ways and means; the National Security Strategy addresses and gives guidance on how to counter the effects of the above-mentioned threats. The Security Strategy also shows a consciousness regarding the complexity of the hybrid threats and the gray zone, without trying to define the actual area or methods utilized. When looked at through the model of analysis, it also highlights a possible new threat to be considered; environmental threats. The results of the analysis also indicate that it might be wise to use the term contemporary threats and the utilization of these, instead of arguing about definitions. The authors argue that it is of greater importance to create a larger understanding of the phenomena, in order to counter the actual effects by employing a truly comprehensive approach.

Motivation This project was of specific importance to the private security industry, victims of residential burglary, community policing forums and the South African Police Service in providing detailed information regarding recommendations of how to manage and combat residential burglary in two selected northern suburbs of Johannesburg. Problem statement Residential burglary is categorised in the top three highest reported crimes according to the official South African Police Service statistics for the 2006/7 financial years. A series of victim interviews, docket analysis, case plotting and residential security audit surveys were conducted to determine the extent (or lack thereof) of security measures at a burgled residence in the selected area. Approach Field data was collected through docket analysis, plotting crime scenes (descriptive mapping), victim interviews and residential security audit surveys. Results The majority of victims of burglary interviewed did not have the minimum security system (integrated measures) in place. Those victims, who had security measures, appeared not to have made or implemented effective use of them. Conclusion Security at a residence extends beyond just the immediate house area and the focus (security risk assessment) should start with the immediate neighbourhood (community) area working inwards towards the property perimeter (boundary), inner perimeter (garden area) and then finally the immediate house area. / CRIMINOLOGY / MTECH: SECURITY RISK MAN

Motivation This project was of specific importance to the private security industry, victims of residential burglary, community policing forums and the South African Police Service in providing detailed information regarding recommendations of how to manage and combat residential burglary in two selected northern suburbs of Johannesburg. Problem statement Residential burglary is categorised in the top three highest reported crimes according to the official South African Police Service statistics for the 2006/7 financial years. A series of victim interviews, docket analysis, case plotting and residential security audit surveys were conducted to determine the extent (or lack thereof) of security measures at a burgled residence in the selected area. Approach Field data was collected through docket analysis, plotting crime scenes (descriptive mapping), victim interviews and residential security audit surveys. Results The majority of victims of burglary interviewed did not have the minimum security system (integrated measures) in place. Those victims, who had security measures, appeared not to have made or implemented effective use of them. Conclusion Security at a residence extends beyond just the immediate house area and the focus (security risk assessment) should start with the immediate neighbourhood (community) area working inwards towards the property perimeter (boundary), inner perimeter (garden area) and then finally the immediate house area. / CRIMINOLOGY / MTECH: SECURITY RISK MAN