Orientador: Angelo Pires do Prado / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:34:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tucci_EdnaClara_D.pdf: 3392011 bytes, checksum: 0b7d93dc6082c6f65f16af39858355d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de estudar os seguintes parâmetros biológicos de Dermanyssus gallinae: ciclo biológico em condições de laboratório sob as temperaturas de 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35 oC, fecundidade, fertilidade, influência do jejum na fertilidade e determinação das exigências térmicas. A duração média dos diferentes estágios do ciclo (em horas), obtidos nas diferentes temperaturas foi de: pré-oviposição: 86,74h (15 °C), 24h (20 °C), 24,21h (25 °C), 24,24h (30 °C) e 24,05h (35 °C); ovo: 214,30h (15 °C), 67,7h (20 °C), 42,11h (25 °C), 38,70h (30 °C) e 51,77h (35 °C); larva 163,44h (15 °C), 34,73h (20 °C), 29,44h (25 °C), 24,85h (30 °C), 32,23h (35 °C); protoninfa: 81,25h (15 °C), 73,06h (20 °C), 30,35h (25 °C), 25,66h (30 °C) , 26,4h (35 °C); deutoninfa: 145,02h (15 °C), 63,63h (20 °C), 38,37h (25 °C), 27,24h (30 °C), 37,6h (35 °C); duração total do ciclo: 690,75h (28 dias) sob 15 °C, 263,12h (11 dias) sob (20 °C), 164,63h (7 dias) sob 25 °C, 140,69h (6 dias) sob 30 °C e 172,04h(7 dias) sob 35 °C. D. gallinae desenvolveu-se melhor sob a temperatura de 30 °C, apresentando a maior viabilidade nas diferentes fases e o menor tempo de desenvolvimento. A duração do ciclo de D.gallinae diminuiu com o aumento da temperatura, indo de 690,75 a 15 °C a 140,69 a 30 °C. Sob 35 ° houve um aumento na duração do ciclo e uma baixa na viabilidade de todas as fases sugerindo que em épocas de muito calor a população de D. gallinae pode baixar ou até desaparecer por um determinado período. O período de pré oviposição não variou sob as temperaturas de 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C e 35 °C. No experimento onde fêmeas foram mantidas sob jejum de 1 a 12 dias, a oviposição ocorreu até o 11º dia, sendo a maior porcentagem de oviposição até o terceiro dia, reduzindo a partir do quarto dia. Recomenda-se que o intervalo de 3 dias entre as alimentações seja o mais adequado para manutenção de D. gallinae em laboratório. Intervalos entre as alimentações de 4 ou mais dias não são recomendados por devido à baixa fecundidade verificada nesses período (menor de 67,1%). A maior porcentagem das fêmeas (58,1%) ovipôs após a primeira alimentação. A partir da segunda esta porcentagem foi diminuindo até a oitava alimentação, quando apenas uma fêmea foi recuperada e que morreu antes de ovipor. No presente experimento as fêmeas de D. gallinae foram capazes de realizar um total de 7 oviposições com uma produção total de 25 ovos. Foram determinadas as exigências térmicas para D. gallinae obtendo-se os valores de temperatura base (Tb) , constante térmica (k), coeficiente de determinação (R2) e equação de regressão para o período de pré-oviposição, ovo, larva, protoninfa, deutoninfa. Com relação às exigências térmicas, foram encontrados diferentes valores para cada estágio de desenvolvimento de D. gallinae. Com base em mapas de isotermas, estimou-se a ocorrência de D. gallinae no Estado de São Paulo, verificando-se que o ácaro pode se desenvolver continuamente no Estado de São Paulo, com diminuição da população no inverno, ocorrendo de 15 a 42 gerações/ano / Abstract: The purpose of this work was to study the biological cycle of D. gallinae in the laboratory at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC, to determine the fecundity, the fertility and the influence of fasting on fertility, as well as the thermal requirements for D. gallinae. The mean cycle duration of the different phases (in hours), at different temperatures was: Pre-oviposition: 86,7h at 15 °C; 24h at 20 °C; 24,21h at 25 °C; 24,24h at 30 °C and 24,05h at 35 °C. Egg: 214,30h at 15 °C; 67,7h at 20 °C; 42,11h at 25 °C; 38,70h at 30 °C and 51,77h at 35 °C. Larva: 163,44h at 15 °C; 34,73h at 20 °C; 29,44h at 25 °C; 24,85h at 30 °C and 32,23h at 35 °C. Protonymph: 81,25h at 15 °C; 73,06h at 20 °C; 30,35h at 25 °C; 25,66h at 30 °C and 26,4h at 35 °C. Deutonymph: 145,02h at 15 °C); 63,63h at 20 °C; 38,37h at 25 °C; 27,24h at 30 °Ca and 37,6h at 35 °C. Total cycle lenght: 690,75h (28 days) at 15 °C, 263,12h (11 days) at sob 20 °C, 164,63h (7 days) at 25 °C, 140,69h (6 days) at 30 °C and 172,04h (7 days) at 35 °C. The development of D. gallinae was higher at temperature of 30 °C, exhibiting the highest viability in the different phases and the shorter development time. The cycle time of D.gallinae decreased with the increase of temperature, from 690,75 at 15 °C to 140,69 at 30 °C. At 35 °C there was an increase in the cycle length and a drop in viability in all phases, suggesting that in warmer seasons D. gallinae population may decrease or even disappear for a period of time. No variations were found in pre-oviposition time at temperatures of 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C and 35 °C. In the experiment where female samples were kept from 1 to 12 days of fasting, oviposition occurred up to the 11th day, with the highest rate up to the 3rd day, decreasing from the 4th day. We recommend that the interval of three days between feedings is the most adequate to maintain D. gallinae in the laboratory. Four or more days of interval between feedings are not recommended due to the low fecundity, less than 67,1%, found during those periods of time. The results on fecundity showed that the females began to lay eggs just after the first blood meal and continued to lay eggs up to the seventh day after the meal. The highest percentage of females (58%) laid eggs after the first meal. After the second meal this pencentage began to decrease until the eighth meal, when only one female was present, but it died before it was able to lay eggs. Dermanyssus gallinae females had a total of 7 oviposition cycles totaling 25 eggs. The thermal requirements for D. gallinae were determined, for basal temperature (Tb), thermal constant (k), determination coefficient (R2) and regression equations for preoviposition, egg, larva, protonymph and deutonymph phases. Different values for thermal requirements were found for each developmental phase of D. gallinae. Based on isothermal maps the incidence of D. gallinae in São Paulo State was estimated, verifying that it can develop continuously in São Paulo State, with a decrease in its population numbers during the winter, varying from 15 to 42 generations per year / Doutorado / Parasitologia / Doutor em Parasitologia

Globalization in today's societies has resulted in many individuals around the world being able to identify themselves as world citizens. However, Sweden's different locations and regions are both what individuals take for granted as well as what most Swedes call home. Identity development is something that is constantly happening in humans as an active actor, but what it is that influences a certain type of development is not as obvious. Often there is a link between who you are as an individual and where this individual has grown up, which indicates a reciprocity between location and identity development. One requires the other. A geographic location can be a nation, region, city, or neighborhood. Geographical locations also contribute to a sense of identity, such as property, ownership and community that defines the individual or group's identity in the form of a sense of belonging. Identifying with a certain geographic location can produce a certain perception of the location that in turn may affect how individuals develop their own identity. The aim of the study was to investigate: "How geographical locations are understood in relation to identity creation and identity development in Luleå Municipality". From this point of view, four research questions are derived; “What is the connection between an individual's identity and its place of residence?” “What influences individuals' choice of residence? “What are the conditions and expectations for different geographical locations?” “How do respondents discuss culture, norms and values regarding different geographical locations?” The study has a qualitative approach where women between 20-30 years of age have been interviewed to find out their opinion about the study. The geographical location common to the respondents in this study is Luleå county, half of the respondents have grown up in Luleå while the rest have moved up from another geographical location to Luleå to study at the University of Technology in Luleå. The results based on current theoretical frameworks and empiricism show that the place where the interviewees have grown up is something that has contributed to their identity development. What all the interviewees described as important to their identity was that they feel that they have a sense of belonging with the place and the locals. As well as they feel that they can both be accepted as well as spurred to develop their identity. The interviewees who had experienced that their expectations and circumstances have not been considered at their geographical location have moved to other places, which shows how important the place is for identity. / Globaliseringen i dagens samhälle har resulterat i att många individer världen över kan identifiera sig som världsmedborgare. Dock är Sveriges olika platser och regioner något som individer tar förgivet likväl som att det är något som de flesta bosatta i Sverige kallar för hem. Identitetsskapande och identitetsutveckling är något som ständigt sker hos människan som en aktiv aktör, men vad det är som influerar en viss typ av utveckling är inte lika självklart. Ofta finns det en koppling mellan vem man är som individ och var denna individ har vuxit upp, vilket tyder på en ömsesidighet mellan plats och identitetsutveckling. Det ena kräver det andra. En geografisk plats kan vara en nation, region, stad eller stadsdel. Geografiska platser bidrar även till en känsla av identitet, som egendom, ägande och gemenskap som konkret definierar individen eller gruppens identitet i form av en känsla av tillhörighet. Att identifiera sig med en viss geografisk plats kan frambringa en viss uppfattning av platsen, som i sin tur kan komma att påverka hur individer utvecklar sin identitet. Studiens syfte är att undersöka: ”Hur geografiska platser förstås i relation med identitetsskapande och identitetsutveckling i Luleå kommun”. Från detta syfte härleds fyra forskningsfrågor: ”Hur ser kopplingen ut mellan en individs identitet och dess bostadsort?” ”Vad är det som influerar individer vid val av bostadsort?” ”Vad finns det för förutsättningar och förväntningar för olika geografiska platser?” ”Hur resonerar intervjupersonerna kring kultur, normer och värderingar avseende olika geografiska platser?” Studien har ett kvalitativt angreppssätt där kvinnor mellan 20–30 år har blivit intervjuade för att ta reda på deras uppfattning kring studiens ämne. Den geografiska plats som är gemensam för intervjupersonerna i denna studie är Luleå kommun. Hälften av intervjupersonerna har vuxit upp i Luleå medan resterande har flyttat till Luleå från en annan geografisk plats för att studera vid Luleå tekniska universitet. Resultatet visar på att platsen som intervjupersonerna har vuxit upp på är något som har bidragit till deras identitetsutveckling. Det som samtliga intervjupersoner beskrev var viktigt för deras identitet var att de upplever att de har en tillhörighet till staden och lokalbefolkningen på platsen samt att de känner att de både kan bli accepterade likväl som sporrade att utvecklas. De intervjupersoner som upplevt att deras förväntningar och förutsättningar inte har beaktats på en geografisk plats har sökt sig till andra platser som tillåter detta vilket visar på hur viktig platsen är för identiteten.