Os tentaculitoideos são invertebrados marinhos extintos comumente encontrados nos estratos devonianos brasileiros. São reconhecidos pelo formato da concha coniforme carbonática com pequenas dimensões. Na América do Sul, o registro dos primeiros tentaculitoideos ocorreu durante o início do Siluriano, com o gênero Tentaculites. Representantes das ordens Dacryoconarida e Homoctenida foram encontrados a partir do Devoniano Inferior. No Brasil o grupo possui registro nas bacias do Paraná (Formações Ponta Grossa e São Domingos), Amazonas (Formações Maecuru e Ererê) e Parnaíba (Formação Cabeças). As análises sistemáticas demonstraram a presença dos gêneros Tentaculites e Styliolina (foram constatados nas Bacias do Amazonas, Paraná e Parnaíba) e Uniconus e Homoctenus (registro apenas para a Bacia do Paraná). Foram reconhecidos 8 representantes da ordem Tentaculitida, 2 da ordem Homoctenida e 2 dacryoconarídeos. As espécies Tentaculites crotalinus, Tentaculites jaculus, Tentaculites kozlowskius, Tentaculites paranaensis, Uniconus ciguelius, Homoctenus katzerius e Styliolina cf. Styliolina fissurella foram encontradas na Bacia do Paraná. Já as espécies Tentaculites eldredgianus, Tentaculites trombetensis e Styliolina clavulus encontradas nas Bacias do Amazonas e do Parnaíba. Enquanto que a espécie Tentaculites stubeli somente registrada para a Bacia do Amazonas e Tentaculites oseryi apenas para a Bacia do Parnaíba. Nas bacias do Amazonas e do Parnaíba só existe registro das ordens Tentaculitida e Dacryoconarida. Verificaram-se dois padrões de preservação: espécimes isolados e agrupados, desses padrões foram estabelecidas 6 classes tafonômicas, as quais foram distribuídas de acordo com a paleobatimetria, foram registradas em ambientes de shoreface, offshore transicional e offshore. Foi observado que os tentaculitoideos do Devoniano da Bacia do Paraná possuem uma preferência por ambientes mais calmos, localizados entre o Nível de Base de Tempo Bom (NBOTB) e o Nível de Base de Tempestade (NBOT). As classes analisadas encontram-se distribuídas entre as sequências B e E do Devoniano da Bacia do Paraná. Não foram encontradas feições bioestratinômicas como incrustação e predação. As análises com Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva (MEV-EDS) e Energia Dispersiva de Fluorescência de Raios-X (EDXRF) evidenciaram a presença de crômio e pirita nas amostras, características de ambientes anóxicos, corroborando com a hipótese que a extinção da classe esteja relacionada a uma grande extinção global. / The Tentaculitoidea are extinct invertebrates, exclusively marine, commonly found in Brazilian Devonian strata. They are recognized by the conic shell shape, this being, carbonate with small dimensions. In South America, the record of the first tentaculitoideos occurred during the early Silurian, with Tentaculites genus. Representatives of Dacryoconarida and Homoctenida orders were found from the Lower Devonian. In Brazil, the group is registered in the Paraná basins (Ponta Grossa and São Domingo Formations), Amazonas (Maecuru and Ererê Formations) and Parnaíba (Cabeças Formation). Systematic analysis showed the presence of Tentaculites and Styliolina genus (were found in the Amazon, Paraná and Parnaíba Basin) Uniconus and Homoctenus (registration only for the Paraná Basin). Were registered 8 representatives of Tentaculitida order, 2 Homoctenida order and 2 dacryoconarídeos. The species Tentaculites crotalinus, Tentaculites jaculus, Tentaculites kozlowskius, Tentaculites paranaensis, Uniconus ciguelius, Homoctenus katzerius e Styliolina cf. Styliolina fissurella were found in the Paraná Basin. Already species Tentaculites eldredgianus, Tentaculites trombetensis and Styliolina clavulus found in the Amazonas and Parnaíba Basin. While Tentaculites stubeli only recorded for the Amazonas Basin and Tentaculites oseryi only for the Parnaíba Basin. In the Amazonas and Parnaíba basins exists only record of Tentaculitida and Dacryoconarida orders. Two preservation patterns were observed: isolated and grouped specimens. Were established 6 Taphonomic classes, which were distributed according to paleobathymetry were recorded in shoreface environments, offshore transitional and offshore. It was observed that the Tentaculitoidea of the Paraná Basin have a preference for quieter environments, located between the Fair Weather Wave-Base (FWWB) and Storm Wave-Base (SWB). The analyzed classes are distributed among the sequences B and E in the Devonian of the Paraná Basin. There were no biostratinomy features as incrustation and predation. The analysis with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Energy Dispersive Fluorescence X-rays (EDXRF) revealed the presence of chromium and pyrite in the samples, characteristic of anoxic environments, supporting the hypothesis that the extinction of the class is related a major global extinction.

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The principal goal of the thesis is to constrain nature of magmatic and alteration processes, character of mantle source(s), geotectonic setting and palaeogeographic implications of the Silurian and Devonian volcanism in Prague Basin (Teplá-Barrandian Unit, Bohemian Massif). The thesis is based on extensive geochemical study covering major- and trace-element geochemistry, neodymium isotope geochemistry and mineral chemistry supported by petrographic and field observations. The most important conclusions of the thesis are as follows: 1. The Silurian volcanic rocks of the Prague Basin represent within-plate, transitional alkali to tholeiitic basalts, which erupted in continental rift setting through thick Cadomian crust. The basalts originated by low degrees of partial melting of garnet peridotite mantle source. Older Wenlock basalts are similar to alkaline ocean island basalts (OIB) derived from subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), enriched most probably by frozen pods of Ordovician magmas. Younger Ludlow basalts resemble tholeiitic enriched mid-oceanic ridge basalts (EMORB) derived from subduction-modified SCLM depleted by Late Cambrian melting. The Wenlock-Ludlow melting is characterized by contemporaneous mixing of melts derived from both enriched and depleted SCLM mantle domains. 2....

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The geological history of the Early Palaeozoic in eastern Australia is not known precisely. The eastern margin of the outcropping Precambrian Craton 'Tasman Line' is poorly understood. The Thomson Orogen, which underlies much of eastern Queensland, lies to the east of the Tasman Line. Basement to the Tasman Orogenic Zone is poorly understood, but knowledge of this basement is critical to our understanding to the processes that formed the eastern margin of the Precambrian craton. The Lolworth-Ravenswood Province lies to the east of the Tasman Line in northeast Queensland. A study of basement terranes in the Lolworth-Ravenswood Province will therefore provide some insights as to the nature of crust beneath this area, and therefore to the basement to the Thomson Orogen. The Fat Hen Creek Complex comprises para-authchthonous bodies of granitoid within middle to upper amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks. Data contained herein demonstrate that the composition and geochemistry of the granitoid are compatible with the generation of the granitoid by partial anatexis of the metamorphic rocks that are part of the Cape River Metamorphics. Temperature and pressure of anatexis is determined to be between 800-850OC and 5-9kb. Under these conditions, experimental data indicate that meta-pelite and meta-greywacke will produce between 5-10% melt coexisting with biotite, cordierite, garnet and plagioclase. The mineralogy of the granitoid bodies in the Fat Hen Creek Complex is consistent with partial anatexis of meta-greywacke at these temperatures and pressures. 5-10% melt is generally insufficient to allow efficient separation of melt and restite. The granitoids of the Fat Hen Creek Complex are interpreted as being a closed system with melt generated during high-grade metamorphism not separating from the residium. U/Pb dating of zircon from the Fat Hen Creek Complex indicate two distinct periods of zircon growth. The older episode occurred during the Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician. A second episode is dated as Middle Ordovician. This younger age coincides with the onset of regional compression, and may be related to exhumation of a mid-crustal layer during thrusting. The Lolworth Batholith is one of three granite batholiths in the Lolworth-Ravenswood Province. It comprises mainly muscovite-biotite granite, with smaller areas of hornblende-biotite granite to granodiorite. Sills and dykes of muscovite and garnet-muscovite leucogranite extensively intrude both of these types. The hornblende-biotite granite to granodiorite is metaluminous, with petrographic and geochemical characteristics similar to the adjacent Ravenswood Batholith. U-Pb SHRIMP ages also overlap with those from the Ravenswood Batholith. ENd(tc) values of ~-3 suggest a significant crustal contribution in the magma. Zircon populations determined using the SHRIMP suggest some inheritance from a Neoproterozoic source. The two-mica granites make up over 80% of the batholith and show little variation throughout. Aluminium Saturation indices range dominantly from 1-1.1, in keeping with the muscovite-bearing nature of the granites. U-Pb ages are significantly younger than the hornblende-biotite granitoids. ENd(tc) is ~-10, suggesting a greater role for crustal material in these granites than in the hornblende-bearing varieties. Previously, these granites were interpreted as S-types, mainly on the basis of the presence of muscovite. Low Na/Ca and Na greater than K are both considered as indicators of source compositions and both are characteristic of a mafic igneous rather than a meta-sedimentary source. Anatexis of mafic igneous rocks at temperatures less than~1000OC are found experimentally to produce peraluminous melts similar to those which produced the two-mica granites. The third major rock-type in the Lolworth Batholith is muscovite leucogranite, which occurs as sills and dykes intruding older granites and basement. The age of the leucogranite was not determined, but it has sharp contacts with the two-mica granite suggesting that the latter had cooled prior to intrusion of the former. The leucogranite is strongly peraluminous and is deemed to have been derived from anatexis of a supra-crustal (meta-sedimentary) source. The batholith is therefore deemed to comprise three different elements. The hornblende-biotite granitoids are the western extension of the adjacent Ravenswood Batholith. The two-mica granite and muscovite leucogranite are derived from different sources, but may be part of the same crustal anatexis event. During the Early Palaeozoic, the Lolworth-Ravenswood Province saw the intrusion of three granite batholiths into a basement of Late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian meta-sedimentary rocks. Also, Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician and Middle Ordovician high-grade metamorphism accompanied by partial anatexis is recorded at several sites across northeast Queensland. Although this metamorphism is restricted to these sites, they are widespread across the area suggestive of a widespread metamorphic event at these times. Similar metamorphism is recorded in the Arunta Inlier in Central Australia increasing the possible extent of this event. The geochemistry, isotopic characteristics and zircon populations of granites in the Lolworth-Ravenswood Province are used to characterise their source rocks; and thus the basement to the Province. Precambrian basement is indicated to underlie the entire province. However, the source rocks for the eastern part of the Province (Ravenswood and into the Lolworth Batholiths) are different to source rocks for the western part of the Province. Georgetown-type crust extends eastwards from the outcropping area, extending under the western Lolworth-Ravenswood Province. Late Mesoproterozoic rocks are recorded from the Cape River area adjacent to the Lolworth Batholith. They are also indicated as source-rocks for granites in the Ravenswood Batholith. Rocks of this age are characteristic of Grenvillian-age mobile belts in the United States. Their presence in north Qeensland has implications for the breakup of Rodinia, the Mesoproterozoic-age super continent that broke up during the Neoproterozoic.

Le sommet du Frasnien est une époque difficile pour la biodiversité sur la Terre, en particulier pour les organismes d’eaux chaudes et peu profondes. Cette étude vise à établir un lien entre l’activité tectonique et la crise biologique. Trois coupes d’Amérique du Nord, de la marge ouest du paléocontinent Laurentia, liées au front orogénique Antler ont été étudiées pour leurs rapports isotopiques 87Sr/86Sr dans les carbonates. La coupe de Devils Gate dans le centre Nevada (USA) présente au sommet du Frasnien des faciès de turbidites carbonatées de bassin. Trois pics successifs de 87Sr/86Sr s’observent au sommet du Frasnien, entre le deux niveaux anoxiques Kellwasser. Le dernier pic est le plus élevé, il est contemporain du début du second Kellwasser et présente un rapport isotopique de 0,7094. La coupe de North Antelope Range proche de celle de Devils Gate, présente des dépôts extrêmement homogènes et réguliers de “debris-flow” carbonatés dans un bassin d’avant-pays. Un pic du 87Sr/86Sr plus modéré y est enregistré. La coupe de Mount Cinquefoil est située dans l’Alberta (Canada), dans un contexte de rampe formant une transition entre un important complexe récifal et un bassin. A nouveau un pic de 87Sr/86Sr est enregistré au début de l’événement anoxique alors que le reste de la coupe est fort homogène. Un autre pic important du 87Sr/86Sr est présent dans la partie inférieure de la coupe à la base du premier niveau Kellwasser identifié par l’étude sédimentologique. Les différents pics du 87Sr/86Sr enregistrés dans la Zone à conodontes linguiformis sur les trois coupes présentent des points communs. D’une part ils occupent la même position par rapport à la courbe de susceptibilité magnétique enregistrée dans les trois coupes, ce qui tend à montrer qu’ils sont contemporains. D’autre part ils sont systématiquement liés à des teneurs plus fortes en éléments (Al, Ti, Si, ) de la phase détritique dans les roches, ce qui permet d’établir un lien direct entre l’activité tectonique régionale, l’érosion continentale accentuée et les rapports isotopiques élevés du Sr. De plus ces pics du 87Sr/86Sr semblent liés à la mise en place des périodes d’anoxie des horizons Kellwasser par eutrophisation des eaux. La chemostratigraphie permet de reconnaître des phases bien distinctes de la sédimentologie détritique, en lien avec le contexte tectonique de chaque coupe. Enfin, la comparaison avec d’autres données de la littérature pose la question de la simultanéité des événements à la surface de la Terre. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

<p dir="ltr">The Intermontane terranes represent one of the largest composite accreted terranes that built the northern Cordillera. To better understand the interactions between the continental margin of Laurentia and the Intermontane terranes, this study analyzes twelve detrital zircon samples (n=3232) from a Neoproterozoic (?) to Cretaceous metasedimentary stratigraphic section exposed in central Alaska. Distinct detrital zircon populations have been identified and are interpreted to represent four stages in the geologic development of this part of western North America. Stage 1 extends from the Neoproterozoic (?) to the Early Paleozoic, and is characterized by Proterozoic and Archean detrital zircon populations that correlate with Laurentian sources of sediment. We interpret Stage 1 to represent deposition along the northwestern continental margin of Laurentia. Stage 2 extends from the Silurian (?) to the Devonian and is characterized by a dominant Devonian and Silurian detrital zircon population. We interpret Stage 2 to have been deposited in a backarc basin coeval with active volcanism as the Yukon-Tanana terrane was rifted away from the Laurentian continental margin as the Slide Mountain Ocean opened. Stage 3 extends from the Mississippian to the Jurassic and records a shift back to sediment sources with abundant Proterozoic and Archean zircon. We interpret this stage to represent deposition of Laurentian detritus along the eastern margin of the Slide Mountain Ocean basin. Stage 4 is represented by the Lower Cretaceous strata of the Manley basin that contain one major Late Triassic to Early Jurassic detrital zircon population. We interpret this population to be sourced from the syn-collisional and post-collisional Late Triassic to Early Jurassic plutons and related sedimentary basins of the Intermontane terranes that were exhumed and eroded during the closure of the Slide Mountain Ocean and the subsequent collision with the Laurentian continental margin. We interpret the Manley basin as a syn- to post-collisional extensional basin associated with regional detachment faults that formed because of crustal thickening in the collisional zone. From a regional perspective, an extensive clastic wedge prograded northward away from the zone of crustal thickening and can be identified in a series of Mesozoic sedimentary basins that are discontinuously exposed over 1500 km in southern Alaska. Results of our study better delineate the tectonic processes that set the framework for the construction of the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic Cordilleran orogen.</p>