This diploma thesis deals with a view to the special pedagogical diagnostic issue accordance to the children with multiple disabilities. By these children whose disability is mostly the hardest character is making special pedagogical diagnostic as much as correct and accurate very difficult. This diagnostic is very important for developing an individual plan of a special pedagogical intervention. The work is focused on both the individual areas of special pedagogical diagnostic and the complex diagnostic tools. In these areas are mentioned the methods and the materials of a foreign literature which is possible to use with a group of children with multiple disabilities. In the second part of the thesis are developed the results of a survey which brings a practical look to this issue. All these collected knowledge and experience should have become the benefit which should have been a starting point for searching other partial methods. These methods are dealing, for now, with still newly making issue of special pedagogical diagnostics of children with multiple disabilities.

The concept of academic self-efficacy, which refers to Albert`Bandura`s self-efficacy theory, is an important factor in students` academic achievement. In this thesis we attempted to develop a research tool for assessing academic self-efficacy. The theoretical part focuses on general definition of self-efficacy and specific characteristics of perceived academic self-efficacy. The empirical part deals with the development of the questionnaire, with verification of its psychometric characteristics and determines its validity. The questionnaire was tested on a research sample of 611 students of five Prague secondary schools, aged 15 - 19. The findings indicate that the developed assessment tool is reliable, has good psychometric qualities and satisfactory validity, and is applicable in school practice. The research has also revealed interesting relations between academic self-efficacy and other variables such as gender, age or demanding school situations experienced by student. Keywords: self-efficacy, academic self-efficacy, academic motivation, high school students, assessment, The Study Experience Questionnaire

This thesis entitled "Teachers and their possibilities of building pupils' self- realization" is both, theoretical and empirical. Its objective is to map the problems of pupils' self-realization in school environment. It pays close attention to the self-realization of pupils and the possibilities of its shaping by people participating on the educational process. The thesis attempts to define the likely causes of pupils' failure to succeed and do well at school. It also provides possible solutions which might help shape pupils' personality and build their self-realization. The solutions might be of great use to teachers in their classes. The objective of the empirical part in the first place is to analyze the connection between pupils' self- realization, teachers' assessment of pupils' self-realization and pupils' attainment. Key words: selfhood, personality, self-realization, teacher, pupil, school success and failure, self-esteem, self-assessment, pedagogical and psychological diagnostics, pupils' (school) self- realization level, attainment

The thesis is mapping the region of Kladno in period of 4 years and is pointing to an increase of school suspension in 2011by about six percent, compared to the average in previous three years. With help of used research methods, interviews and data analysis, we have confirmed and determined a hypothesis, that the most weakened components of children's personalities in Kladno are connected to social maturity, which pointed out self- sufficiency problems and problems with making contacts with peers. At the field of mental maturity we detected speech defects and inability to focus on classwork. Also we concluded that school suspension is more frequently granted to boys. This is pointed out in the theory of Langmeier, J., Krejčířová, D. 2006 and ÚIV. However, the month of birth, which also determines accession to the school, is important. At the end of our thesis, which contains general summary, we highlighted the uncertain areas and we suggested other possible topics, which needs to be further investigated.

This dissertation adresses the issue of preparation and readiness of a preschool child before his/her entrance to elementary school. The theoretical part is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is concerned with the definitions of basic terms, such as school maturity and school readiness. The second chapter is dedicated to developmental psychology of a preschool child. The third chapter is concerned with diagnosis of a preschool child from the position preschool education, and the last chapter is centered on a child at risk in elementary school. The practical part is dedicated to qualitative experimental investigation which obser- ves the advancement of teak parts in selected sample of children from normal and spe- cial class of kindergarten school and it is supported by an intervention program.

This thesis I deal with the issue of specific learning disabilities among students at 1 primary school and mention possible solutions. Due to the research carried out by the probe in the practical part of the work focuses on the specific disorder, dysgraphia writing. The thesis contains not only theoretical knowledge that I had to study the issue but a practical part. The practical part of my research included a probe that focused on observations of two boys while working in educational and psychological counseling. The practical part, I would usefully complement the relevant case report.

The diploma thesis deals with pupils' possibilities of partial functions development in the first class of elementary school. The theoretical part defines the basic terms and it introduces the definitions in the field of specific dysfunctions of learning. It also deals with a possible diagnostics of the specific dysfunctions. The thesis describes crucial partial functions in the relation to school skills acquirement and it presents the partial function theory as one of the causes in difficulties in reading and writing acquirement. The practical part analyses the results of the diagnostics which was realized in the first grade at elementary school. This diagnostics was aimed to chosen partial functions and the results were taken before and after the exercises aimed to partial functions development.

Diploma thesis "Delayed School Attendance in the Region of Říčany" deals with survey of the region of Říčany with respect to opinions and experience of kindergarten and primary school teachers. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part contains information on delay school attendance issues necessary for successful realisation of a pedagogical research. The practical part is focused on answering of defined survey questions and on verification or falsification of the hypothesis. The research is based on the quantity method of questioning (by means of questionnaire and interview) and qualitative method of observation. The survey took place at 24 kindergartens and 7 primary schools taking into account 54 kindergarten teachers and 15 primary school teachers in the region of Říčany. It was found out, that the number of delayed school attendance in the region of Říčany is lower than the average value in the entire Czech Republic. Further, kindergarten and primary school teachers agree, that children often have problems with communication and concentration. Other important findings are that teachers don't feel any difference between children with and without delayed school attendance; they have individual approach to children on the basis of their abilities and needs. The end of the work contains...

Prostate carcinoma is considered to be one of the main medical problem in male population. Prostate carcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men and the death rate has the second position within all diagnosed malignancies in Czech Republic (ÚZIS). There is only one reliable diagnostic tool: PSA (prostate specific antigen). Level of PSA is often elevated in men with prostate carcinoma. This diploma thesis is focused on study of changes in gene expression in prostate carcinoma. Three candidate genes were analyzed: VCL (vinculin), SHB (Src homology 2 binding protein) and OCT3 (organic cation transporter 3). According to recent publications, these genes are related to tumor progression and they could have prognostic significance. In this thesis the following methodological approaches were used: 82 prostatic specimens were collected from patients and mRNA was isolated from these specimens; then RT-PCR was used to obtain cDNA, fragments were detected by electrophoresis. At the end statistical methods were used for evaluation. Relative expression of the genes in prostate carcinoma tissue was compared to relative expression of the genes in BPH (benign prostatic neoplasia) tissue. Results showed higher expression of genes SHB and OCT3 in prostate carcinoma tissue in compariscon to BPH...

The focus of this diploma thesis is on mosaic numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations. In its theoretical part, general problems of mosaicism, its phenotypic effect, mechanisms of origin, related epigenetic modifications, and diagnostic options are described. The methodical part of the thesis then primarily refers to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and its application in the diagnostics of mosaicism. This method was used in the examination of 29 patients with numerical as well as structural abnormalities of autosomes or gonosomes with proven or suspected mosaicism. On the basis of this analysis, possible errors of measurement were determined and data for statistic evaluation were retrieved. For the examinations of three patients an alternative of the comparative genomic hybridization, the array CGH technique, was applied. The FISH method, although being based on random selection and human factor, proved sufficient sensitivity as well as specificity in the field of low-frequency mosaicism diagnostics. The main critical factors responsible for potential misinterpretation of the data arose from inherent characteristics of the biological material, incorrect targeting of the analysis, probe instability, bleed through effect and absence of mitosis during the structural aberrations analysis.