Assessment of occurrence and diagnostic methods of viral diseases in cattle – viral diarrhoea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), rabies, enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), and spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) – was carried out for the first time in Lithuania. It was established that viruses of rabies, infectious rhinotraheitis and viral diarrhoea are most widespread in the country. It was determined that occurrence of rabies in cattle is parallel with the infection of wildlife with rabies virus. Analysis of eradication programme of enzootic bovine leucosis was done. It revealed that only combined application of diagnostic and preventive measures allowed reducing the cattle infection up to 0.2%. Though bovine spongiform encephalopathy has not been recorded in Lithuania, it is feasible to implement its diagnostic and prevention programme. An overall financial analysis of expenditures on BSE and viral diseases diagnostics and control was for the first time done in Lithuania. It showed that BSE and EBL occupied the leading positions in the structure of expenditures on viral diseases. In 2001, expenditures on BSE investigations accounted for 76.68% and in 2004 for 86.74% of the total. Expenditures on EBL investigations relatively reduced from 86.98% in 2000 to 8.47% in 2004. During the time under consideration, expenditures on investigations of other viral diseases changed but little. It was determined that consistent and wide-scale preventive vaccination created... [to full text]

Daktaro disertacijos „Kūginio pluošto kompiuterinės tomografijos diagnostinių galimybių endodontijoje tyrimai” tikslas - įvertinti kūginio pluošto kompiuterinės tomografijos (KPKT) galimybes tiriant viršūninio apydančio būklę ir danties šaknies kanalo gydymo rezultatus klinikinėmis sąlygomis bei ex vivo modelyje. Uždaviniai: 1) palyginti skaitmeninės intraoralinės rentgenografijos (SPR) ir KPKT metodų efektyvumą, diagnozuojant danties šaknies kanalo perforacijas žmogaus apatinio žandikaulio ex vivo modelyje bei nustatyti optimalų tūrinio vaizdo elemento dydį; 2) palyginti dantų šaknų perforacijų vietos ir dydžio įtaką KPKT diagnostinėms savybėms žmogaus apatinio žandikaulio ex vivo modelyje; 3) palyginti dantų šaknų perforacijų diagnozavimą skirtingose KPKT rekonstrukcinėse projekcijose žmogaus apatinio žandikaulio ex vivo modelyje; 4) palyginti SPR ir KPKT metodų tikslumą, vertinant endodontiškai gydytų pacientų dantų šaknų viršūninio apydančio (VA) būklę; 5) Sukurti pacientų VA būklės ir endodontinio gydymo kokybės įvertinimo sistemą (PESS), pagrįstą KPKT metodo tyrimo rezultatais; 6) Pagal kompleksinį viršūninio apydančio būklės įvertinimo indeksą, (COPI) ištirti pacientų VA būklę, naudojant KPKT ir skaitmeninę ortopantomografiją (SOR) bei palyginti abiem metodais gautus rezultatus; 7) Pagal endodontiškai gydytų dantų indeksą (ETTI), įvertinti pacientų endodontinio gydymo kokybę, naudojant KPKT ir SOR bei palyginti abiem metodais gautus rezultatus. / The aim of doctoral dissertation "Evaluation of diagnostic abilities of cone-beam computed tomography in endodontics” are to evaluate the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) diagnostic ability in assessment of periapical bone lesions and tooth root canal treatment outcome clinically and in ex vivo model. Objectives: 1) to compare the diagnostic abilities of CBCT and digital periapical radiogram (DPR) methods in the detection of root perforations ex vivo and to assess the use of different voxel sizes of a CBCT unit; 2) to assess the influence of root perforations sizes and locations on diagnostic performance of CBCT ex vivo; 3) to assess the influence of different reconstruction planes of CBCT in diagnosing root perforations ex vivo; 4) to compare the accuracy of DPR and CBCT in the detection of periapical radiolucencies in endodontically treated teeth; 5) to develop new patients Periapical and Endodontic Status Scale (PESS) by means of CBCT analysis; 6) to investigate periapical status of the patient using Complex Periapical Index (COPI) with two radiological methods (CBCT and digital orthopantomogram (DOR)) and to compare their results; 7) to investigate endodontic treatment quality using Endodontically Treated Tooth Index (ETTI) with two radiological methods (CBCT and DOR) and to compare their results.

The scope of this dissertation focuses on issues related to the quality of life of children suffering with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and their carers and the associated social impact on families affected by this progressive and incurable disease. It describes ethical aspects of help to families with SMA and serious decisions in relation to the need to connect to artificial ventilation. Spinal Muscular Atrophy - SMA is a motoneuron disease i.e. disease of neurons, which are responsible for conscious movements of muscles e.g. running, head movement and swallowing. The prevalence is approximately 1 newborn for 6000 live births and approximately 1 person of 40 people is the carrier of the disease. SMA affects all the bone muscles i.e. proximal muscles are often affected the most. Everyone affected is in some point in life, depending on stage and type, reliant on mechanical or electrical wheelchair, in many cases also on artificial ventilation and permanent 24hr care. Families affected by this illness accept the fact of this progressive and incurable illness differently, this dissertation reflects upon such different perceptions on quality of life of the affected children, the carers. It forms a contribution in building a foundation for organising multi-discipline teams of experts with sole purpose of therapeutical interventions, to support the child and his/hers family. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines palliative care as "improving quality of life of patients facing life-threatening illnesses, and their families, through the prevention and relief of suffering by early identification and treatment of pain and other problems, whether physical, psychological, social or spiritual." Palliative care prepares families for these situations and should be provided along with whatever treatment options families choose. This dissertation is a comprehensive information base to support children affected by SMA and their families in early care in Czech Republic and in the process of inclusive educational integration into mainstream society.

The Development of child drawing and it is potential in diagnostics The theoretical part of my thesis deals with the development of children's drawing and its subsequent interpretations. The drawing is defined in the thesis together with its development, patterns and peculiarities. The thesis is based on findings from the specialised literature that characterize children's development and its origins in the artwork and school age. Emphasis is also placed on tests to evaluate school readiness, child's overall development and psychological condition. The contribution of the teaching profession at primary school is maximized. The practical part includes the analysis of children's drawings normal and enchanted family, human character and favorite activities or interests in terms of pedagogical-psychological diagnosis. The drawings are complemented by other methods, such as interview, observation of the child and questionnaires for parents and teachers used to approach family background and medical history of the child.

This diploma paper is devoted to the problem of children in surrogate families from the teachers´ point of view. Upbringing of a child in a surrogate family ( adoptive or foster) has its own specifies and cause a numer of problems, which result from the possible deprivation of a child over the years of his early development. Education and preparation for chool have thein own specifice as well. That is why teachers schould have sufficient knowledge in this spere. In the theoretic part of my work I focus on the characteristics of surrogate family care, on the problem of psychic deprivation and subdeprivation, thein reasons, demonstration and diagnostics. This work is also devoted to the probleme of the education of mentally deprivated children. The survey was carried out by the help of focus groups. The aim of the survey was to find out the level of teachers´awareness of surrogate family care, thein positions, opinions, expectations, experience and understanding the questions of psychic deprivation and subdeprivation. We carried out the survey in two groups: teachers with work experience and future teachers (students). The next part of the work contains the casuistry of two foster families aimed at effective cooperation between family and school. The obtained results could be a starting point for another research and a source of topics for possible suplement to the education program of padagogical studies.

This diploma thesis deals mainly with utilization of plasma in technological aplications. The introductory part is apllied to the theoretical description of plasma generated by the surfatron. This launcher works with the frequency of 2,45 GHz and it is able to excite the surface wave, that sustains plasma column in a quartz tube. Plasma generated by surfatron was used for modification of surface properties of polyethylen to change its surface energy. By changing of surface energy it was reached of higher hydrophilicity. Plasma generated by surfatron was diagnosed in detail during experiments in a continual regime as well as in a pulse one with a help of a single {--} probe and a double {--} probe Langmuir measurement. In this diploma thesis there is discussed influence of pressure, power and other experimental options.

The thensis consists of theoretical part and of practical part. Firstly, the art therapy is defined in the theoretical part. Moreover, the experiential education - its history and present is presented. The last chapter of the theoretical part comprises a reflection about the relation between the art therapy and experiential education.

Suspension of the school attendance is a current problem due to prepared changes within the school act. Since the validity of the new Shool Act No.561/2004 coll. in 2005, the child at the age of six in the current school year must enter the compulsory school attendance unless suspension is permitted. The child at the age of six within the period of the beginning of the school year and the end of the calendar year may be adopted for the compulsory school attendance under certain circumstances even in this school year. There are lots of discussions performed by society, professionals or politicians about the earlier or later initiation of the school attendance. Since 90th in the last century the number of the suspensions of the school attendance has increased. Parents ask for suspension more often than in the past and the suspension is proposed and realized at one fifth of the children in the current school year. This means that the demands on children at the beginning of the shcool year are increasing and that parents have realized their responsibility for the success of their child. The beginning of the school attendance is a very important moment in the life of their child and no rush is necessary. In my thesis I investigated diagnostics of the school maturity used in the Czech Republic, mainly in the pedagogical-psychological counselling centres, posibilities of non mature functions development, leaflets and advices for parents and programmes used in the counselling centres. In my thesis I dealt with general problems of the pre-school child development and the assessment of the school maturity non-professional and professional in the pedagogical-psychological counselling centres. I summarized basic abbilities from each area which should be adopted by the child before the beginning of the school attendance, what should parents notice and also testing methods and materials used for the examination at the pedagogical-psychological counselling centres. In my research part I focused on the families with pre-school children asking for suspension of school attendance.

The thesis deals with the topic of Activation and education programmes for seniors in the region of Karlovy Vary. The topic is divided here into two parts. The first, theoretical part deals with the old age as a biopsychosocial problem, i.e. it evaluates the demography of old age, the concept of healthy ageing, it deals with medical and social geriatric diagnostics and, above all, with individual activation programmes, their creation and principles, importance and practical application. The work especially includes education programmes, it describes their particularities and use, as well as their teaching at colleges in the region of Karlovy Vary. The second, research part consists of the determining of hypotheses, the aim of the work, and the methodology of the research. I have chosen the quantitative method of research by which three questionnaires were assessed: for respondents living in old people´s homes, for respondents living at home and for professional workers dealing with activation and education programmes in old people´s homes. Further a comparative analysis of the questionnaire for respondents living in old people´s homes as well as those living at home was carried out. The subject of this analysis are the questions of the same aim and their statistic compiling. All the data are compiled with the help of charts, tables and statistic programme SPSS. The most important is the testing of the hypothesis concerning the knowledgeability of respondents about activation and education programmes and related participation in such programmes, and further hypotheses inquiring whether professional workers (course lectors) have enough information on the entire spectrum of these programmes. The discussion is directed at the evaluation of the research targets, practical implementation of knowledge into practice, and especially at additional new facts, which I revealed during the research itself and during the statistic compiling of data. It is possible to say that the respondents must have information on the importance of activation and education programmes, on their taking place and the conditions of participation. Alike the professional staff holding or lecturing them should be professionally trained in courses. Thus the programmes will reach the desirable quality and their importance for the society will be significantly higher.

Attention is one of the key competencies which has to be adequately developed in preschool children to support their good school adaptation and acceptation of school demands. This work describes current approaches to assessment of attention and related cognitive functions in children at preschool and early school years. On the basis of the methods which are accessible we introduce a new assessment tool, which could serve as screening of attention and other necessary competencies of children aged 5-7 years. The empirical part of this work shows results of a validization study of our method (Coloured trail making test for children), and its reliability the tool. Results proved strong correlations among our method and three other assessment tools from larger batteries of tests (Woodcock - Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities, IDS and CAS II). However, the outcomes of the tests are also different enough to conclude that each of four methods which we used can be important in the process of attention assessment in preschool children; and each of these methods can bring valid information about children's abilities. The work also includes normative data for Coloured trail making test for children, which can be used as a screening tool to detect minor difficulties of children's attention or it can help to...