Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:16:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Afef Tlili.pdf: 665576 bytes, checksum: 18bfa1ef70f784749b0ff17501d112a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / INTRODUCTION: In climateric, there are sweeping changes that can be felt also in the oral cavity by hyposalivation or xerostomia, which can be minimized with Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). The dietary profile in premenopausal women helps prevent the most prevalent diseases in this age group. Therefore, the analysis of food consumption in premenopausal women helps deepen new approaches to dietary intervention for the prevention and control, enabling them a better quality of life. OBJECTIVES: We aim to investigate the dietary profile and the relationship between low flow rate of saliva and xerostomia in menopausal women users and nonusers of HRT. METHODS: Cross and prospective research by the application of questionnaires and salivary flow analysis in menopausal women who attended the University Hospital of UFMA in 2009 and 2010. They were divided into two groups A and B. Group A was composed of women using HRT and Group B for non-users. RESULTS: Group A had a higher volume of salivary flow compared with Group B (p = 0.021). Xerostomia was found to be a symptom independent of salivary flow rate, and was present mostly in Group B. The highest mean BMI was found in Group B. The consumption of sugars and fats dominated in obese type II, in thin vegetables, of fruits in overweight, and of milk and dairy products in normal weight. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the assessment of dietary consumption, this study showed that menopausal women eat incorrectly in quantitative and qualitative terms, with a trend toward greater consumption of fats. We also conclude that HRT is beneficial regarding symptoms of dry mouth and increase of salivary flow. / INTRODUÇÃO: No climatério, há intensas transformações que podem ser sentidas também na cavidade oral, pela hipossalivação ou xerostomia, o que pode ser minimizado com a Terapia de Reposição Hormonal (TRH). O adequado perfil alimentar em mulheres climatéricas ajuda a prevenir as doenças mais prevalentes nessa faixa etária. Portanto, a análise do consumo alimentar de mulheres climatéricas ajuda a aprofundar novas abordagens na intervenção alimentar para a prevenção e controle, possibilitando-lhes uma melhor qualidade de vida. OBJETIVOS: Investigar o perfil alimentar e a relação existente entre hipofluxo salivar e xerostomia em mulheres climatéricas usuárias e não usuárias de TRH. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal e prospectivo pela aplicação de questionários e análise do fluxo salivar em mulheres climatéricas que compareceram ao Hospital Universitário da UFMA em 2009 e 2010. Elas foram divididas em dois grupos A e B. O Grupo A foi composto por mulheres usuárias de TRH (estradiol 1mg/dia durante 12 meses seguidos) e o Grupo B por não usuárias. RESULTADOS: O Grupo A apresentou maior volume de fluxo salivar em comparação com o Grupo B (p=0,021). A xerostomia mostrou-se um sintoma independente da taxa de fluxo salivar, e esteve presente, em sua maioria, no Grupo B. O maior IMC médio foi encontrado no Grupo B. O consumo de açúcares e gorduras predominou nas obesas grau II, de hortaliças nas magras, de frutas nas com sobrepeso e de leites e derivados nas eutróficas. CONCLUSÕES: A partir da avaliação do consumo alimentar, este estudo demonstrou que as mulheres climatéricas alimentam-se de forma incorreta do ponto de vista quantitativo e qualitativo, havendo uma tendência ao maior consumo de gorduras. Conclui-se também que a TRH traz benefícios em relação aos sintomas de secura bucal e aumento do fluxo salivar.

Il est actuellement bien établi que les facteurs nutritionnels sont les principaux déterminants de l’émergence des maladies chroniques. Au Maroc, il n’existe pas à ce jour de données étayant ces propos, bien que ce pays soit en pleine transition épidémiologique. L’objectif de la thèse était d’étudier la relation entre les facteurs nutritionnels et l’obésité ou surpoids chez un échantillon représentatif des adultes marocains âgés de 18 ans et plus obtenu par tirage au sort et stratification sur le sexe et l’origine. Au total, 2896 sujets ont participé à cette enquête transversale. L’obésité et le surpoids étaient très fréquents (13,5% et 29,9% respectivement) avec de grandes disparités socioéconomiques. Pour mieux décrire le comportement alimentaire des marocains, très probablement en rapport avec l’émergence de ce phénomène, plusieurs approches complémentaires ont été utilisées. D’abord, l’adhérence au régime de type méditerranéen, a été mesurée par un score construit selon une approche confirmatoire. Puis, l’identification des principaux profils de consommation spontanément observés par des méthodes exploratoires (analyse en composantes principales). Il s’avère que le régime méditerranéen n’était pas le régime communément suivi par toute la population marocaine. De plus, quatre principaux profils étaient identifiés et décrivent mieux le phénomène de transition nutritionnelle dont la spécificité au Maroc est le maintien de certains aliments traditionnels tels les céréales et légumes en plus de l’introduction des aliments occidentalisées tels les produits laitiers. Ces profils étaient associés aux caractéristiques sociodémographiques des individus. Une association significative a été notée entre l’obésité et les profils alimentaires occidentalisés mais pas avec le régime méditerranéen qui était, par ailleurs, associé au surpoids. / It is now well established that nutritional factors are the main determinants of the emergence of chronic diseases. In Morocco, there is currently no data to support this evidence, although this country is experiencing an epidemiological transition. The aim of the thesis was to study the relationship between nutritional factors and overweight or obesity in a representative sample of Moroccan adults aged 18 years and above. This sample was obtained by a simple random technique after stratification by sex and origin. In total, 2896 subjects have participated in this cross-sectional survey. Obesity and overweight were very frequent (13.5% and 29.9% respectively) with large socioeconomic disparities. To better describe the behavior of Moroccan food, most likely related to the emergence of this phenomenon, several complementary approaches were used. First, adherence to Mediterranean diet was measured by a score constructed using a confirmatory approach. Then, the identification of major patterns of consumption observed spontaneously by exploratory methods (Principal Component Analysis). Mediterranean diet was not the commonly diet followed by the entire Moroccan population. In addition, four major patterns were identified and describe better the nutritional transition in Morocco whose specificity is the maintenance of some traditional foods such as cereals and vegetables with some Westernized foods newly introduced such as dairy products. These profiles were associated with sociodemographic characteristics of individuals. A significant association was found between obesity and westernized dietary patterns but not with the Mediterranean diet which was associated with overweight.