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No description available.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neighborhood and family influences on body image and dietary attitudes in a cohort of 10-and 11-year old children across the BMI spectrum. In this cross-sectional study, age-appropriate figure drawings, Dietary Restraint and Body Esteem Scales were administered to 554 boys and girls. Information on parent and neighborhood influences were gathered from participants’ parents and tested for association with child variables through multiple linear regression. This study indicates that parent modeling variables have an association with child body esteem and dietary restraint when BMI is controlled. Socioeconomic status was found to play a role, with high socioeconomic neighborhoods resulting in higher body esteem and dietary restraint. Geographic location had no influence over child variables. Overall, important influences were found between parent and socioeconomic status variables and body esteem and restraint.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neighborhood and family influences on body image and dietary attitudes in a cohort of 10-and 11-year old children across the BMI spectrum. In this cross-sectional study, age-appropriate figure drawings, Dietary Restraint and Body Esteem Scales were administered to 554 boys and girls. Information on parent and neighborhood influences were gathered from participants’ parents and tested for association with child variables through multiple linear regression. This study indicates that parent modeling variables have an association with child body esteem and dietary restraint when BMI is controlled. Socioeconomic status was found to play a role, with high socioeconomic neighborhoods resulting in higher body esteem and dietary restraint. Geographic location had no influence over child variables. Overall, important influences were found between parent and socioeconomic status variables and body esteem and restraint.

The aim of this thesis was to examine the affective and cognitive disturbance associated with weight-loss dieting. We were particularly interested in how mood might interact with dietary restraint to produce cognitive deficit. Initially dieting was investigated in a community sample of overweight dieters. Affect was assessed by self-reported feelings of positive and negative mood (PANAS) and general psychological well-being (Ryff s PWB). Cognitive performance was assessed using a battery of computer administered tasks that measured speed to respond to a target stimulus; immediate memory recall; working memory capacity; vigilance (Bakan task); attentional distraction for food related stimuli (Stroop task); and, preference for food and body-shape related stimuli (Implicit Association Test). In replication of previous studies (e. g. Green, Rogers, Elliman, & Gatenby, 1994), dieting was found to be related to cognitive deficit. The same dieters were also found to be more neurotic and to have greater levels of affective disturbance compared to non-dieters. Contrary to expectation, restraint per se could not account for the dieter-non-dieter differences found. Further, differences in cognitive performance could not be explained as directly due to dieter-non-dieter differences in BMI, hunger, preoccupation, attentional bias or mood. Rather, it was the tendency to eat when emotional which best identified those dieters most vulnerable to cognitive and affective disturbance. Further investigation revealed that under conditions of high negative mood, tendency towards emotional eating was associated with an increase in preference for food related stimuli, and a decrease in attentional capacity. Accordingly, it was proposed that under dieting conditions, where opportunity for affective disturbance is increased, cognitive deficit is most likely to occur in the high emotional eater because they are highly sensitive to affective disturbance, and for them such disturbance results in preferential allocation of attentional resources to food and eating related cognitions. Further research is needed to fully examine the psychological profile of the individual with high tendency towards emotional eating. This issue is of particular importance given the additional finding that the tendency to consume when emotional is not context-bound but can also be observed in other behavioural domains, such as "emotional spending" on other consumer goods.

It is alarming to see the increase of the depressive syndrome and eating disorders in women. The changes in the traditional feminine attitude, concerning maternity and the fulfillment of taking care of the family love, it's identity acquires passively since early childhood and the stereotype of establishing an association between depression and other eating disorders. The article establishes "muteness of the voice", as a strategy learned since childhood and strengthened in adolescence to silence, reprieve and ser apart the awakening to the sensations produced by the body towards desire and sexual pleasures. The body responds as an alternative language of somatic characteristics through which it intends to splitting the emotional message. / El incremento del síndrome depresivo y de los trastornos de alimentación en las mujeres es alarmante. Las variaciones del rol tradicional femenino en lo que se refiere a la maternidad y a la función cuidadora de los afectos familiares, su identificación con una pasividad aprendida desde la temprana infancia y la transformación de la estereotipia de los cuerpos femeninos ha determinado la posibilidad de establecer una asociación entre la depresión y los trastornos alimenticios. El artículo plantea el silenciamiento de la voz como una estrategia aprendida desde la infancia y reforzada en la adolescencia para acallar, reprimir y escindir los despertares a las sensaciones que emanan del cuerpo, al deseo y al goce sexual. El cuerpo se propone como un lenguaje alternativo de características somáticas a través del cual se intenta tramitar la escisión del n1ensaje emocional.

The role of dieting in the etiology and maintenance of bulimia nervosa remains unclear, and current treatments, which primarily aim to eliminate dieting behaviors, demonstrate limited efficacy. The purpose of this study was to conduct a randomized treatment trial to test whether healthy dieting maintains bulimic symptoms or effectively reduces this eating disturbance. Female participants (N=85) with full and subthreshold bulimia nervosa were randomly assigned to a 6-session healthy dieting intervention or waitlist condition and assessed through 3-month follow-up. Relative to control participants, intervention participants showed modest weight loss during treatment and demonstrated significant improvements in bulimic symptoms that persisted through follow-up. These preliminary results suggest that this intervention shows potential for the treatment for bulimia nervosa and may be worthy of future refinement and evaluation. Results also provide experimental evidence that dieting behaviors do not maintain bulimia nervosa, suggesting the need to reconsider maintenance models for this eating disorder. / text

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No description available.

The purpose of this thesis is to assess dieting consumers’ perceptions of dessert advertisements containing subtle food cues. Participants were presented with one of three dessert advertisements depicting either, a dessert that had been left untouched, cut in half, or had a bite mark. Across the studies, the results show that the image of the bitten dessert is more preferred than the cut or whole desserts among participants with dieting experience. The relationship between dessert type and dieting is mediated via perceptions of realness/authenticity. The findings contribute to the literature on food consumption and advertising. Companies advertising low-fat products to dieting consumers can benefit from the results of these studies. / February 2017