With the emergence of digital cameras on phones, photography has become a popular routine. For some people, it is close to a form of ritual, every moment of the present is preciously archived and possibly shared to relatives on social media. This consumption of photography contrasts radically with the one practiced 20 years ago. Analogue photography was more occasional, because it is more time-consuming and also more costly. However, we observe today a resurgence of analogue photography and more particularly among young generations. This phenomenon goes hand in hand with the popularity of transforming contemporary pictures into old-looking ones with services like Instagram. Therefore, there is a regain of popularity for old devices and old aesthetic among young generations which indicates the existence of nostalgic behaviours among these consumers. The present study aims to explore these two phenomena in order to identify patterns of consumption about nostalgic behaviour among young generations. In order to achieve this, a comparative design is adopted to evaluate the differences and similarities between analogue photography and Instagram practice. This study generates knowledge about the changes in consumption since the digitalization of photography. Indeed, Instagram and analogue photography are rooted in the need to provide alternatives to digital photography which has made photography pervasive and less personal. Instagram and analogue consumers express different attitudes to achieve this desire to create meaning. Thus, the findings reveal that Instagram consumers give value to their everyday life experience by using nostalgic effects. This is interpreted by the fact that old-looking pictures are perceived as more narrative so they have more power to tell stories. Conversely, analogue users renew old practices in order to give more meaning to their photographic experience. It allows them to be more involved in a process of creation which does not exist anymore in digital photography.

This thesis presents Pixgis; a novel application for map-centric management of photographs. In short Pixgis is an interactive environment in which photographs may be discovered, viewed and managed through maps. With Pixgis finding photographs from a specific location or of a particular structure is as easy as finding the location or structure on a map. As Pixgis simultaneously displays maps, photographs and spatial metadata it also enables users to analyze photographs in new manners. This thesis work illustrates the benefits of applications for map-centric management of photographs, exposes the problems one faces when implementing such applications and presents novel solutions to many of these problems. The thesis also elaborates on spatial metadata and methods for acquisition of photographs with embedded spatial metadata.

With the advent of digital imaging technology, the options available to consumers in consumer imaging have increased tremendously. From image capture through image processing and output, many options have emerged; however, the relative environmental impacts of these different options are not clear cut. Simplistically, one might say that the use of a digital camera has a lesser environmental burden than the use of a reloadable film camera because the image produced as a result of using the digital camera avoids chemicals in film developing. However, digital cameras require electronics and computers that need energy; and, energy production is one of the contributors to greenhouse gasses like CO2. Assessment of the environmental impacts of these different options can help provide feedback to decision makers and insights that will help reduce environmental impact through product system design. One tool that has been used to relate environmental impacts with functions provide to consumers through products or services is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA, which has been standardized by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in ISO14000, is used here to evaluate both traditional film and digital imaging systems. Data from publicly available databases and both external and internal Eastman Kodak Company studies were utilized to develop LCA modules for the different processes involved. Product and service business models are explored for both technologies through ten different imaging and output scenarios. The functional unit used is the capture, processing and output of one 4 x6 image. Four impact categories (energy use, greenhouse emission, water use and waste generation) across four life cycle phases (upstream, distribution, use, and end of life) are explored for the ten scenarios. LCA is also evaluated as a tool to help facilitate strategic level environmental performance issues with both new and established business activities. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to evaluate the impact of assumptions made in the course of the assessment and comments are made regarding the effectiveness of LCA for strategic assessment and product service strategies in lowering environmental impact. Results indicate that the lowest impact scenarios are Digital Capture to LCD Display for Greenhouse Emissions and Energy Use and Film Capture to Wholesale Print for Water Use and Waste Generation. Highest impacts were seen for Greenhouse Emissions in the Film Capture to Retail Print scenario. In the Energy Use and Water Use category, the Digital Capture to CRT Computer Display was the highest scenario. For Waste Generation, the Digital Capture to Inkjet Print was the highest impact scenario.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2009. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-61).

Background: O câncer de colo uterino é um grande problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo. Atinge cerca de meio milhão de mulheres, sendo que 50 % destas morrem. Os métodos visuais, alternativos á citologia e viáveis para países em desenvolvimento, têm sido avaliados mais intensamente na última década. Objetivos: Avaliar o desempenho da Fotografia Cervical Digital (FCD) na detecção do câncer do colo de útero e de suas lesões precursoras. Métodos: 176 mulheres foram avaliadas pelos métodos de Inspeção Visual com ácido acético (VIA), Inspeção Visual com lugol (VILI), Fotografia Cervical Digital com ácido acético (FCDA) e Fotografia Cervical Digital com lugol (FCDL). Destas, 36 foram classificadas pela histologia. Resultados: A concordância entre avaliadores observou valores de Kappa: Fotografia Cervical Digital com ácido acético, K=0,441, e Fotografia Cervical Digital com lugol, K=0,533. A concordância entre as inspeções a olho nu e as fotografias cervicais digitais após a utilização de ácido acético no colo uterino, K=0,559, e a concordância após a utilização da solução de lugol, K=0,507, considerada como concordância moderada em ambos os casos. Das 36 pacientes com avaliações histológicas, 20 dos 25 casos positivos foram corretamente avaliados tanto pela FCDA, como pela FCDL, demonstrando resultados similares aos descritos anteriormente. Conclusão: A FCD é um método promissor para o rastreamento do câncer de colo de útero e suas lesões precursoras, para países em desenvolvimento. / Background: Uterine cervix cancer is a major public health problem in Brazil and in the world. It affects half a million women with a death rate of 50%. The visual, alternative methods to cytology, considered viable for developing countries, are being assessed more intensively in the last decade. Objective: To evaluate the performance of Cervical Digital Photography (CDP) in detecting cervical cancer and its precursory lesions. Methods: A total of 176 women were evaluated by the following methods: Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA), Visual Inspection with Lugol’s Iodine (VILI), Cervical Digital Photography with Acetic Acid (CDPA) and Cervical Digital Photography with Lugol’s Iodine (CDPL). Among these, 36 were classified by histology. Results: The correlation between evaluators observed Kappa values: Cervical Digital Photography with acetic acid, K = 0.441, and Cervical Digital Photography with Lugol's Iodine, K = 0.533. The correlation between the naked eye and cervical digital photography inspection after using acetic acid in the uterine cervix, K = 0.559, and the correlation after using Lugol's Iodine solution, K = 0.507, were regarded as moderate in both cases. Of the 36 patients with histological evaluation, 20 of the 25 positive cases were correctly assessed both by the CDPA as well as by CDPL, showing similar results than those described previously. Conclusion: CDP is considered a more promising method for screening the uterine cervix cancer and its precursory lesions in developing countries.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / On the growth evaluation of the open-grown trees was selected 57 samples, of which were mensuration many morphometric variables from digital photographs in software AutoCAD and dendrometrics variables in bole increment extracted in diameter breast height (DBH). The development of this research was to described the singular dimensions and recover crown and bole growth from open-grown Cedrela fissilis, corresponding to period 2007-2011, and build mathematical equations to described the growth of variable crown diameter (CD), mantle of the crown (MC), crown diameter in relative heights (CDrh) and periodic annual increment in basal area (PAIb). In the annual lengthening (AL) were observed minimum, maximum and median annual values of 3.0, 91.0 and 32.4 cm, respectively. As well as, serie correlations, determined by Pearson (r = 0.76 a 0.86; Pr<.0001), with higher lengthening connected to the lower orders of branching. In periodic lengthening (PL), corresponding to the period of 2007-2011 there were values of up to 1.82 m, found in diameter class 30-40, with a coefficient of variation (CV) up to 67.67%, checked in diametric class > 60. To model growth construction 35 trees were selected from 57 initially sampled considering it crown and bole conditions, having been discarded sample of the > 60 diametric class. To the mantle of the crown variable the model NLMC=b0+b1*(1/DBH)+b2*(DBH²) has good adjust (R²adj.=0.92; VC=6.12%). The equation to annual lengthening of the crown, ALC=b0+b1*(NLCAI)+b2*(DBH) showed adjustment and precision (R²adj.=0.50; VC=35.95%), it explaining until 50% total variance, but with higher percent residual. With similar precision, the model adjusted to crown growth in diameter, CGD=b0+b1*(NLCAI), had statistical precision defined to R²adj= 0.44 and VC=36.25%, with higher VC resulted from the higher variance in samples. To the CDrh the adjust was represented to R²adj.=0.58 and VC=52.41%, had been defined the model NLCDrh=b0+b1*(NLDBH)+b2*(1/hi²)+b3*(DBH²), with the results of residual evaluations didn t submit normality distribution and homogeny variance. The adjust to CAIb equation showed good statistical precision (R²adj.=0.66; VC=11%), it explaining until 66% total variance from model NLCAIb=b0+b1*(DBH)+b2*(h/d). On the increment descriptive analyses it observed high periodic annual increment in diameter (PAId) and PAIb in the 25, 35 and 45 cm diameter class. The PAId medium, minimum and maximum values correspond to 3.6 cm, 0.7 cm and 7.3 cm. At the 35 and 45 cm class it observed 95.6 and 75.5 PAIb average, respectively. All of the diameter classes it was observed current annual increment in diameter (CAId) higher 2.5 cm. The crown growth reviews from the open-grown trees demonstrated that the crown growth rhythmic and its correlation with the bole increments it turn possible to build growth models characterized to good adjust and statistical efficiency, wherever, it should be stratification methods based in site informations. The methodology analyses with digital photography also showed good precision and practicality, it can be widely used to review singular and open-grown trees. / Na avaliação do crescimento de árvores isoladas foram selecionadas 57 amostras, das quais se mensurou variáveis morfométricas em fotos digitalizadas no software AutoCAD e dendrométricas a partir de rolos de incremento coletados na altura do DAP. O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever as dimensões individuais e reconstituir o crescimento da copa e fuste de árvores isoladas de Cedrela fissilis, avaliado de 2007 a 2011, e construir equações matemáticas para descrever o crescimento da variável diâmetro da copa (DC), manto de copa (MC), diâmetro da copa em alturas relativas (DChi) e incremento periódico anual em área basal (IPAg). Nos alongamento anuais (ALG) foram verificados valores mínimo, máximo e médio anual de 3,0, 91,0 e 32,4 cm, respectivamente. Assim como correlações em série, determinada por r = 0,76 a 0,86 (Pr<.0001), tendo sido observados maiores alongamentos nas menores ordens de ramificação. Nos alongamentos periódicos (ALGP), correspondente ao período 2007-2011, verificaram-se valores médios de até 1,82 m, observado na classe diamétrica 30-40 cm, com coeficiente de variação (CV) máximo de 67,67%, verificado na classe > 60 cm. Para a construção dos modelos de crescimento foram selecionadas 35 árvores de acordo com sua condição de copa e fuste, sendo descartada a classe diamétrica > 60 cm devido a pouca amostragem. Para o manto de copa o modelo LNMC = b0+b1*(1/DAP)+b2*(DAP²) apresentou bom ajuste (R²aj.= 0,92 e CV = 6,12%). A equação da variável alongamento anual da copa, ALG=b0+b1*(LNICA)+b2*(DAP), apresentou o ajuste comprometido pelo alto erro percentual (R²aj. = 0,50; CV = 35,95%), descrevendo até 50% da variância total. Com precisão semelhante à ALG, o modelo ajustado para a variável crescimento da copa em diâmetro, CCD=b0+b1*(LNICA), apresentou altas taxas de erro percentual, com precisão estatística definida por CV = 36,25%; R²aj. = 0,44. Para o modelo DChi o ajuste foi descrito por R²aj.=0,58 e CV=52,41%, tendo sido definido o modelo LNDChi=b0+b1*(LNDAP)+b2*(1/hi²)+b3*(DAP²), tendo o mesmo não apresentado distribuição normal e heterogeneidade na variância dos resíduos. O ajuste da equação apara o IPAg apresentou boa precisão estatística (R²aj.=0,66; CV=11%), descrevendo até 66% da variância total a partir do modelo LNIPAg=b0+b1*(DAP)+b2*(h/d). Na avaliação descritiva dos incrementos observaram-se elevadas taxas de incremento periódico anual em diâmetro (IPAd) e IPAg nas classes diamétricas 25, 35 e 45 cm. Os valores de IPAd médio, mínimo e máximo foram de 3,6 cm, 0,7 e 7,3 cm, respectivamente. Nas classes 35 e 45 cm verificou-se taxa de IPAg média de 95,6 e 75,5 cm², respectivamente. Em todas as classes de diâmetro foram encontradas taxas de incremento corrente anual em diâmetro (ICAd) superior a 2,5 cm. As análises do crescimento da copa de árvore isoladas demonstraram que o crescimento rítmico da mesma e sua correlação com os incrementos do fuste possibilitam a construção de modelos de crescimento com boa eficiência estatística, porém, devendo se aperfeiçoar a estratificação fazendo uso de informações que descrevam as condições dos sítios. A metodologia de avaliação a partir de fotos digitalizadas também apresentou boa precisão e praticidade, podendo ser amplamente utilizada na avaliação de árvores singulares ou isoladas.

Background: O câncer de colo uterino é um grande problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo. Atinge cerca de meio milhão de mulheres, sendo que 50 % destas morrem. Os métodos visuais, alternativos á citologia e viáveis para países em desenvolvimento, têm sido avaliados mais intensamente na última década. Objetivos: Avaliar o desempenho da Fotografia Cervical Digital (FCD) na detecção do câncer do colo de útero e de suas lesões precursoras. Métodos: 176 mulheres foram avaliadas pelos métodos de Inspeção Visual com ácido acético (VIA), Inspeção Visual com lugol (VILI), Fotografia Cervical Digital com ácido acético (FCDA) e Fotografia Cervical Digital com lugol (FCDL). Destas, 36 foram classificadas pela histologia. Resultados: A concordância entre avaliadores observou valores de Kappa: Fotografia Cervical Digital com ácido acético, K=0,441, e Fotografia Cervical Digital com lugol, K=0,533. A concordância entre as inspeções a olho nu e as fotografias cervicais digitais após a utilização de ácido acético no colo uterino, K=0,559, e a concordância após a utilização da solução de lugol, K=0,507, considerada como concordância moderada em ambos os casos. Das 36 pacientes com avaliações histológicas, 20 dos 25 casos positivos foram corretamente avaliados tanto pela FCDA, como pela FCDL, demonstrando resultados similares aos descritos anteriormente. Conclusão: A FCD é um método promissor para o rastreamento do câncer de colo de útero e suas lesões precursoras, para países em desenvolvimento. / Background: Uterine cervix cancer is a major public health problem in Brazil and in the world. It affects half a million women with a death rate of 50%. The visual, alternative methods to cytology, considered viable for developing countries, are being assessed more intensively in the last decade. Objective: To evaluate the performance of Cervical Digital Photography (CDP) in detecting cervical cancer and its precursory lesions. Methods: A total of 176 women were evaluated by the following methods: Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA), Visual Inspection with Lugol’s Iodine (VILI), Cervical Digital Photography with Acetic Acid (CDPA) and Cervical Digital Photography with Lugol’s Iodine (CDPL). Among these, 36 were classified by histology. Results: The correlation between evaluators observed Kappa values: Cervical Digital Photography with acetic acid, K = 0.441, and Cervical Digital Photography with Lugol's Iodine, K = 0.533. The correlation between the naked eye and cervical digital photography inspection after using acetic acid in the uterine cervix, K = 0.559, and the correlation after using Lugol's Iodine solution, K = 0.507, were regarded as moderate in both cases. Of the 36 patients with histological evaluation, 20 of the 25 positive cases were correctly assessed both by the CDPA as well as by CDPL, showing similar results than those described previously. Conclusion: CDP is considered a more promising method for screening the uterine cervix cancer and its precursory lesions in developing countries.

Orientador: Cristina Bruzzo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T09:10:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mantellato_JoanaD'ArcMariano_M.pdf: 5303465 bytes, checksum: 39b29ceee731f8155becabd22a3e94c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa que se propõe a observar as fotografias de escola com a finalidade de analisar como esse espaço está sendo registrado nas imagens feitas pelos jovens alunos dessas instituições. A pesquisa busca também apontar como os jovens estão relacionando-se com o registro fotográfico em seu cotidiano e quais significados estão buscando construir. As fotografias analisadas foram pesquisadas entre as publicadas nos álbuns de fotografias dos perfis do site de relacionamentos Orkut de adolescentes que são alunos da rede pública de ensino do estado de São Paulo e que utilizam com bastante frequência suas máquinas fotográficas digitais e seus celulares munidos de máquinas fotográficas, registrando momentos de seu cotidiano. As fotos publicadas por esses jovens no referido site foram observadas e acompanhadas por um período de quatro anos e algumas delas figuram no trabalho exemplificando como a linguagem fotográfica é utilizada e quais são os temas mais frequentes desses registros, como é a seleção para que essas fotos sejam publicadas no referido site de relacionamentos, se há um armazenamento dessas imagens e, se sim, como ele é realizado. / Abstract: This paper presents a research about photographs made inside some Public Brazilian Schools in São Paulo state, which were made by students who attend those institutions. The paper?s aim is to analyze how this place is being recorded in these images. The research also seeks to indicate how the teenagers are dealing with the photograph in their daily lives and what kinds of meanings they are building. The photographs analyzed were researched among the ones published by the selected monitored youth on the Orkut website. The photographs posted by these adolescents on the mentioned website were observed for a period of four years and some of these photos are published at the present research to exemplify which were their frequent subjects, the frequent manipulations and modifications that young people have done with these kinds of images and how the storage of these photographs is being done. / Mestrado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Mestre em Educação

A relação das pessoas com a fotografia vem sendo alterada pela conjunção de dois fatores: a evolução das câmeras digitais e o compartilhamento de fotografias na Internet. A popularização tanto das câmeras como da Internet criou condições para que as pessoas pudessem massivamente publicar imagens na rede mundial de computadores, tornando-se componente de uma modificação na cultura, definida por Henry Jenkins como cultura da convergência, em que as pessoas assumem um papel mais participativo na produção e consumo de bens simbólicos. O consumo e fruição da fotografia passam por transformações que envolvem o novo suporte: a tela digital regida por uma interface, e este suporte reduz a relação de tempo que as pessoas gastam observando a fotografia. O acesso rápido e fácil promovido pela rede também confere à fotografia a possibilidade de ter maior alcance, maior tráfego, o que pode conferir-lhe maior valor de exposição, no sentido atribuído a este termo por Walter Benjamin. Surgem comunidades de grande porte, como o Flickr, com bilhões de imagens publicadas. Na rede, elas também passam a estar indexadas por sistemas buscadores que permitem às pessoas encontrar fotografias com os temas que têm interesse e permitindo o contato direto com o autor das mesmas, o que possibilita o surgimento de um comércio direto de imagens. Todos esses fatores acabam por influenciar a forma que a fotografia é produzida e o espaço no mercado para a atuação dos fotógrafos profissionais. Para descrever esses fatores, foram realizadas uma pesquisa bibliográfica, uma entrevista aberta e algumas entrevistas semiabertas como abordagem metodológica. / The relation of people with photography has been changed by the conjunction of two factors: the evolution of digital cameras and the sharing of photography via the Internet. The popularization of both digital cameras and the Internet has created conditions so that people can prolifically publish images on the Word Wide Web. It has become a component of a cultural shift, defined by Henry Jerkins as a convergence culture, in which people take a more participative role in the production and consumption of symbolic goods. Consumption and enjoyment of photography has been transformed by a new medium: the digital screen controlled by an interface, and this medium changes the relationship with time that people have while observing photography. The quick and easy access promoted by the net also gives photography the possibility of greater reach and greater traffic, which can give them greater exhibition value, in the sense attributed to this term by Walter Benjamin. Large communities have flourished, such as Flickr, with billions of images published. On the net, they also become indexed by search engines which allow people to find photographs with the the themes that they are interested in and permitting for direct contact with the photographer, allowing for a direct market of images. All of these factors influence the form by which photography is produced and the marketplace for professional photographers. To describe these factors bibliographic research as well as both open and semi-open interviews using a methodological approach were conducted.

The thesis discusses the possibilities of art activities in kindergarten through visual media, digital photohraphy. The main goal of this work is to offer children a digital photograph as an alternative to classical art techniques and bring the probe into the possibility of meeting with children with visual language from pre-school age. The aim is meaningful application of new methods of educational process through alternative (electronic - digital) media. The research created art projects for the digital photography, which confirmed that the art project focused on digital photography can realize aa included in the program offer kindergarten.