Partial scan paths improve the testability of digital circuits, and incur minimal costs in the area overhead and test application time. Design constraints may require that a partial scan path include only those flip-flops that provide the greatest improvements in circuit testability. STAFFS, a tool that identifies such flip-flops, has been developed. It uses a statistical testability measure to acquire quantitative data for the controllabilities and observabilities of the nodes of a circuit. It predicts the changes that would occur in the data due to the scanning of specific flip-flops, and uses those predictions to select flip-flops. STAFFS weights the observability data versus the controllability data when selecting flip-flops, and it can efficiently select alternative scan designs for different weights. Experimental results for thirteen sequential benchmark circuits reveal that STAFFS consistently selects scan designs with fault coverages that are significantly higher than those of arbitrarily selected scan designs. / Master of Science

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Today, the information (signal timings, detector extension, phase sequence, etc.) to install traffic lights on the street are obtained from traffic software simulations platforms, meaning that information from simulation is not tested on the field (intersection where it will be installed) before the installation. Many installed controllers on the street use time of day (TOD) patterns due to cheaper cost than adaptive traffic control systems, but that is not the best solution for traffic volume changes that can occur during the day or even a month. To improve traffic signal operation most of the traffic signal controllers in the same corridor or zone operate in coordination mode. Furthermore, phases need to be in coordination to achieve “green wave”. Green wave is term used when in corridor traffic lights allow continues flow of traffic through intersections that are coordinated. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

This project focuses on a prototype system architecture which integrates features of an event-driven gate-level simulator and features of the multiple expert system architecture, HEARSAY-II. Combining artificial intelligence and simulation techniques, a knowledge-based simulator was designed and constructed to model non-standard circuit behavior. This non-standard circuit behavior is amplified by advances in integrated circuit technology. Currently available digital circuit simulators can not simulate this behavior. Circuit designer expertise on behavioral phenomena is used in the expert system to guide the base simulator by manipulating its events to achieve the desired behavior.

This dissertation presents the design and development of a multi-processor logic simulator. After an introduction to parallel processing, the concept of distributed simulation is described as well as the possibility of deadlock in a distributed system. It is proven that the proposed system does not deadlock. Next, the modeling techniques are discussed along with the timing mechanisms used for logic simulation. A new approach, namely process oriented simulation is studied in depth. It is shown that modeling for this kind of simulation is more efficient regarding modeling ease, computer memory and simulation time, than existing simulation methods. The hardware design of the multi-processor system and the algorithms for synchronization and signal interchange between the processors are presented next. An algorithm for an efficient partitioning of the digital network to be simulated among the processors of the system is also described. Apart from the simulation of a single digital network, the simulator can also be used for fault simulation and design verification. Regarding fault simulation, the fault injection and fault detection techniques are presented. The experimental results obtained by running the multi-processor simulator are compared with the theoretical estimates as well as with results obtained by other multi-processor systems. The comparison shows that the proposed simulator exhibits the estimated performance. Finally, the design of a common bus interface is given. This interface will connect the processors of the system directly without the intervention of a hard disk which was used for the development and testing of the system. / Ph. D.

Integrated Circuits (ICs) have a broad range of applications in healthcare, military, consumer electronics etc. The acronym VLSI stands for Very Large Scale Integration and is a process of making ICs by placing millions of transistors on a single chip. Because of advancements in VLSI design technologies, ICs are getting smaller, faster in speed and more efficient, making personal devices handy, and with more features. In this thesis work an interactive framework is designed in which the fundamental concepts of digital logic design and VLSI design such as logic gates, MOS transistors, combinational and sequential logic circuits, and memory are presented in a simple, interactive and user friendly way to create interest in students towards engineering fields, especially Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering. Most of the concepts are explained in this framework by taking the examples which we see in our daily lives. Some of the critical design concerns such as power and performance are presented in an interactive way to make sure that students can understand these significant concepts in an easy and user friendly way.

Este trabalho consiste no projeto e implementação em CMOS de um circuito integrado digital para geração de sinais, denominado Oscilador Controlado Numericamente. O circuito será aplicado em um sistema de Espectroscopia por Bioimpedância Elétrica, utilizado como método para detecção precoce de câncer do colo do útero. Durante o trabalho, realizou-se o estudo dos requisitos do sistema de espectroscopia e as especificações dos tipos de sinais a serem gerados. Levantou-se, na bibliografia, algumas técnicas de codificação em linguagem de hardware para otimização do projeto nos quesitos área, potência dissipada e frequência máxima de funcionamento. Para implementar o circuito, também se pesquisou o fluxo de projeto de circuitos digitais, focando as etapas de codificação em linguagem de descrição de hardware Verilog e os resultados de síntese lógica e de layout. Foram avaliadas duas arquiteturas, empregando-se algumas das técnicas de codificação levantadas durante o estudo bibliográfico. Estas arquiteturas foram implementadas, verificadas em plataforma programável, sintetizadas e mapeadas em portas lógicas no processo TSMC 180 nm, onde foram comparados os resultados de área e dissipação de potência. Observou-se, nos resultados de síntese lógica, redução de área de 78% e redução de 83% na dissipação de potência total no circuito em que se aplicou uma das técnicas de otimização em comparação com o circuito implementado sem otimização, utilizando uma arquitetura CORDIC do tipo unrolled. A arquitetura com menor área utilizada - 0,017 mm2 - foi escolhida para fabricação em processo mapeado. Após fabricação e encapsulamento do circuito, o chip foi montado em uma placa de testes desenvolvida para avaliar os resultados qualitativos. Os resultados dos testes foram analisados e comparados aos obtidos em simulação, comprovando-se o funcionamento do circuito. Observou-se uma variação máxima de 0,00623% entre o valor da frequência do sinal de saída obtido nas simulações e o do circuito fabricado. / The aim of this work is the design of a digital integrated circuit for signal generation called Numerically Controlled Oscillator, designed in 180 nm CMOS technology. The application target is for Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy system, and can be used as a method for early detection of cervical cancer. Throughout the work, the spectroscopy system requirements and specifications of the types of signals to be generated were studied. Furthermore, the research of some coding techniques in hardware language for design optimization in terms of area, power consumption and frequency operation was conducted looking into the bibliography. The digital design flow was studied focusing on the Verilog hardware description language and the results of logic synthesis and layout, in order to implement the circuit. Reviews of two architectures have been made, using some of the encoding techniques that have been raised during the bibliographical study. These architectures have been implemented, verified on programmable platform, synthesized and mapped to standard cells in TSMC 180 nm process, which compared the area and total power consumption of results. Based on the results of logic synthesis, a 78% area reduction and 83% power consumption reduction were obtained on the implemented circuit with encoding techniques for optimization in comparison with the another circuit using a CORDIC unrolled architecture. The architecture with smaller area - 0.017 mm2 - was chosen for implementation in the mapped process. After the circuit fabrication and packaging, the chip was mounted on an evaluation board designed to evaluate the functionality. The test results were analyzed and compared with the simulation results, showing that the circuit works as expected. The output signals were compared between theoretical and experimental results, showing a maximum deviation of 0.00623%.

Este trabalho consiste no projeto e implementação em CMOS de um circuito integrado digital para geração de sinais, denominado Oscilador Controlado Numericamente. O circuito será aplicado em um sistema de Espectroscopia por Bioimpedância Elétrica, utilizado como método para detecção precoce de câncer do colo do útero. Durante o trabalho, realizou-se o estudo dos requisitos do sistema de espectroscopia e as especificações dos tipos de sinais a serem gerados. Levantou-se, na bibliografia, algumas técnicas de codificação em linguagem de hardware para otimização do projeto nos quesitos área, potência dissipada e frequência máxima de funcionamento. Para implementar o circuito, também se pesquisou o fluxo de projeto de circuitos digitais, focando as etapas de codificação em linguagem de descrição de hardware Verilog e os resultados de síntese lógica e de layout. Foram avaliadas duas arquiteturas, empregando-se algumas das técnicas de codificação levantadas durante o estudo bibliográfico. Estas arquiteturas foram implementadas, verificadas em plataforma programável, sintetizadas e mapeadas em portas lógicas no processo TSMC 180 nm, onde foram comparados os resultados de área e dissipação de potência. Observou-se, nos resultados de síntese lógica, redução de área de 78% e redução de 83% na dissipação de potência total no circuito em que se aplicou uma das técnicas de otimização em comparação com o circuito implementado sem otimização, utilizando uma arquitetura CORDIC do tipo unrolled. A arquitetura com menor área utilizada - 0,017 mm2 - foi escolhida para fabricação em processo mapeado. Após fabricação e encapsulamento do circuito, o chip foi montado em uma placa de testes desenvolvida para avaliar os resultados qualitativos. Os resultados dos testes foram analisados e comparados aos obtidos em simulação, comprovando-se o funcionamento do circuito. Observou-se uma variação máxima de 0,00623% entre o valor da frequência do sinal de saída obtido nas simulações e o do circuito fabricado. / The aim of this work is the design of a digital integrated circuit for signal generation called Numerically Controlled Oscillator, designed in 180 nm CMOS technology. The application target is for Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy system, and can be used as a method for early detection of cervical cancer. Throughout the work, the spectroscopy system requirements and specifications of the types of signals to be generated were studied. Furthermore, the research of some coding techniques in hardware language for design optimization in terms of area, power consumption and frequency operation was conducted looking into the bibliography. The digital design flow was studied focusing on the Verilog hardware description language and the results of logic synthesis and layout, in order to implement the circuit. Reviews of two architectures have been made, using some of the encoding techniques that have been raised during the bibliographical study. These architectures have been implemented, verified on programmable platform, synthesized and mapped to standard cells in TSMC 180 nm process, which compared the area and total power consumption of results. Based on the results of logic synthesis, a 78% area reduction and 83% power consumption reduction were obtained on the implemented circuit with encoding techniques for optimization in comparison with the another circuit using a CORDIC unrolled architecture. The architecture with smaller area - 0.017 mm2 - was chosen for implementation in the mapped process. After the circuit fabrication and packaging, the chip was mounted on an evaluation board designed to evaluate the functionality. The test results were analyzed and compared with the simulation results, showing that the circuit works as expected. The output signals were compared between theoretical and experimental results, showing a maximum deviation of 0.00623%.