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Probe Into The Dilemmas of Democracy Congressional Reform: The Cases of California Congress and Taiwan Congress Abstract Among developed democracy countries, it's very popular to deliberate researches of the Congressional reform. All-embracing aspects for the congressional reform and researches, yet developed democracy countries are continuing to orientate trends for their reforms to achieve the best efficiency within the Congress. Nevertheless, although the Congress' systems break fresh ground by times, the Congress is regarded as an inefficient then spoiled government organization all the time. On one hand, this research probes into the dilemmas or straits for developed democracy countries; on the other hand, this confers on contradictions or difficulties between the congressional representative and professional efficacy in order to step them up. We hypothesize there seems to be a contradiction between congressional representative and specialty. As the researches of congressional reform become increasingly important, we can help to discover the problems and try to dissolve them. It hopes to improve the congress function and efficiency.

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Institutions, the rules of the game that shape repeated human interactions, clearly play a critical role in helping groups avoid the inefficient use of shared resources such as fisheries, freshwater, and the assimilative capacity of the environment. Institutions, however, are intimately intertwined with the human, social, and biophysical context within which they operate. Scholars typically are careful to take this context into account when studying institutions and Ostrom's Institutional Design Principles are a case in point. Scholars have tested whether Ostrom's Design Principles, which specify broad relationships between institutional arrangements and context, actually support successful governance of shared resources. This article further contributes to this line of research by leveraging the notion of institutional design to outline a research trajectory focused on coupled infrastructure systems in which institutions are seen as one class of infrastructure among many that dynamically interact to produce outcomes over time.

When interpretations vary for the same set of evidence, what should be done? Options include just agreeing to disagree, maintaining one’s initial beliefs, or going all the way to completely suspending judgment. Taking this final option binds an agent to some interesting views, including an acceptance of epistemic dilemmas. However, the kind of total skepticism some philosophers want out of disagreement is probably a pipe dream – if there is no best option, no option can be eliminated.

No / The development in Bradford, England, of specific training materials for parents from Muslim communities of Pakistani origin caring for children with autistic spectrum conditions is outlined, with particular emphasis on challenges arising from non-scientific ‘religious’ explanations for children's conditions and from parents feelings of obligation to ensure that children meet religious requirements. Relevant literature is reviewed and parents’ responses to materials reported and discussed. It is suggested that such parents will benefit from opportunities to explore cultural ideas about causality with each other and with informed and non-judgmental professionals and to share concerns around matters such as washing and prayer.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2006. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-47).

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