Darbe nagrinėjamas riboto pakaltinamumo institutas Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamojoje teisėje: jo istorinė raida, atsiradimo ypatumai, turinys bei reikšmė, taip pat nustatymo klausimai bei problemos. Kadangi šis institutas pakankamai platus ir apima ne vien jo turinį sudarančius kriterijus ir jų požymius, tačiau ir apibrėžia asmenų baudžiamąją atsakomybę bei numato galimybę taikyti baudžiamojo poveikio ar medicinos prievartos priemones, apsiribota tyrinėjamo objekto nagrinėjimu Lietuvos baudžiamojoje teisėje, trumpai apžvelgiant kitose valstybėse įtvirtintus panašius institutus. Ypatingas dėmesys darbe skiriamas riboto pakaltinamumo turinį sudarančių medicininio ir juridinio kriterijų atskleidimui, jų nustatymo ypatumams ir būdams, aptariami dažniausiai pasitaikantys psichikos sutrikimai, lemiantys minėtų kriterijų nustatymą. Be to, nagrinėjamas riboto pakaltinamumo ir amžiaus santykis, socialinio nebrandumo priskyrimas riboto pakaltinamumo medicininiam kriterijui, atskirai aptariamos afekto ir pogimdyvinė psichofiziologinė būsenos, jų santykis su ribotu pakaltinamumu bei Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamajame kodekse įtvirtintos, su minėtomis būsenomis siejamos nusikalstamos veikos. Lietuvos baudžiamojoje teisėje riboto pakaltinamumo institutas pakankamai „jaunas,“ todėl jo taikymo praktika vis dar formuojasi. Remiantis Lietuvos teismų praktika, darbe stengtasi iškelti minėto instituto taikyme bei reglamentavime pastebėtas problemas, pasiūlyti jų sprendimo variantus. / This article analyses diminished capacity in Lithuanian penal law: its historical development, peculiarities of instilment, its content, its importance, also questions of its evaluation and occurring problems. Whereas the institution of diminished capacity is quite wide, it includes not only its content, content’s criteria ant their features, but it also determines criminal liability of an individual, foresees the application of punitive and forced medical measures, therefore in this article diminished capacity is analyzed within limits of Lithuanian penal law, with brief overlook of similar institutions implemented in penal law of other countries. Special attention is paid to the medical and juridical criteria of the content of diminished capacity, the disclosure of their content, peculiarities and means of their evaluation. Due to that most common mental affections that determine the measurement of above-mentioned criteria are discussed. Moreover the relation of age and diminished capacity and attribution of social immaturity to the medical criterion are researched. Apart of all mentioned above, diminished capacity relations with the state of affect and special postnatal state of women is analyzed likewise crimes associated with aforesaid states are also scrutinized. The institution of diminished capacity in Lithuanian penal law is quite „young“ therefore its practice of its implementation is still shaped. Also, according to the practise of Lithuanian courts, the main... [to full text]

Le discernement est traditionnellement rattaché à l’étude de l’élément moral de l’infraction.Sous l’empire du Code pénal de 1810, des fondements de droit naturel sont à l’oeuvre, si bien que le discernement fut défini par emprunt au droit canon comme une aptitude à distinguer le bien du mal. Mais cette acception ne révèle pas la teneur originelle du critère du libre-arbitre :il correspondait à la connaissance de la loi divine dont le droit séculier n’était que le reflet.L’analyse du droit positif laïcisé invite à découvrir l’existence d’une présomption de connaissance de la loi toujours aussi impérative que dans les systèmes de pénalité antiques.Le discernement peut alors être défini comme une conscience réflexive : la connaissance des droits et devoirs reconnus à chaque personne, au sein de statuts juridiques que la prolifération des normes contribue à préciser. Aussi, la culpabilité n’est pas une connaissance de l’illicéité d’un résultat ; elle procède de l’ignorance des prescriptions légales chez celui qui est présumé en connaître l’existence. En procédure pénale, cette présomption devient protectrice des droits du mis en cause. Aucun acte coercitif ne peut être exercé à son encontre s’il n’a été avisé du statut dont il relève. Cette information assure ainsi la finalité rétributive de la peine chez celui qui n’ignore pas les raisons de sa condamnation. En tout état de cause, la soumission des individus au droit pénal est le seul objectif poursuivi en la matière, ce qui nécessite parfois la présence de victimes au procès pénal, à la seule fin de préserver leur foi en son impérativité. / Discernment is traditionally attached to the study of the « moral element » of the offense. Under the influence of the Penal Code of 1810, the foundations of natural law are at work, so that the discernment was defined by canon law as the ability to distinguish good from evil. But this understanding does not reveal the content of the original criterion of free will: it used to correspond to the knowledge of the divine law which secular law was only the reflection. The analysis of positive law secularized invites you to discover the existence of a presumption of knowledge of the law as imperative as it was in the systems of ancient penalty. Discernment can then be defined as a reflexive consciousness: the awareness of rights and obligations identified to each person within legal statutes that the proliferation of standards helps to clarify. Also, guilt is not a knowledge of the wrongfulness of an outcome; it proceeds fromignorance of the legal requirements in the person who is presumed to know of its existence. In criminal proceedings, this presumption becomes protective of the rights of the suspect. No coercive act can be exercised against him if he has not been notified of the status to which he belongs. This information ensures the retributive purpose of punishment, for the one who can’t ignore the reasons for his conviction. In any event, the submission of individuals to the established rules is the only objective of the criminal law, which might imply that it accepts the presence of victims in criminal proceedings, for the sole purpose of preserving their faith in his imperativity.