Terror attacks against diplomatic missions is a phenomenon that has occurred frequently in the last 50 years and can be seen as a threat to peace. The conflict transition from interstate to intrastate has created a larger share of non-government actors who do not have a rational reason to follow the agreement that has been made on the state level. This paper has aimed to study the phenomenon of terrorist attacks against diplomatic missions over a 50-year time and chart if the global north or south have been more exposed. The paper has also approached the question of the relationship between state´s participation in conflicts and their exposure to attacks against their diplomatic missions. The result finds that more attacks happen in the global south, but the attacks are aimed against missions sent by the global north. There also exists a relationship between participation in conflicts and exposure to terrorist attacks against diplomatic missions. However, this relation becomes clear for observations where a country has been highly active in conflicts, there is no larger difference between non-active countries and countries with only a few participations in conflict.

Legal instruments of protection of diplomatic missions and representatives This diploma thesis thematically deals with public international law, namely with the law of diplomatic and consular relations focusing on the legal instruments of the protection of diplomatic missions and representations. It aims to analyze selected international legal instruments and to evaluate the effectiveness of protection provided by them. The first chapter deals with the right of a sovereign state to establish diplomatic relations, i. e. ius legationis. Briefly mentioned are attempts to unofficial codification of the law of diplomatic and consular relations, which preceeded the official codification of the Vienna Convention, which are developed by the International Law Commission. The bulk of the chapter is devoted to the process of creation and adoption of both the Vienna Conventions. In the second chapter are analyzed those provisions of Vienna conventions, which provide preventative protection to diplomatic agents and consular officers as well as to premises of diplomatic missions and representatives. These provisions govern legal institut od diplomatic inviolability and also the special duty to protect diplomatic misssions and representatives provided by the receiving State. The third chapter focuses on selected...

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The main aim of this study was to investigate the implementation of the performance management system in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation of the Botswana public service and to identify the factors that facilitated and hindered the successful implementation of the programme. This study used a mixed methods research design which combines both qualitative and quantitative research design. The study used the model of social programmes, which is a holistic and comprehensive analytical framework that is used to study the implementation of social intervention programmes. Research data was obtained using a triangulation of research methods (case study, evaluation research and survey method) and data sources (literature review, document analysis, self-administered questionnaires and follow-up personal interviews). A sample of 90 respondents was selected using the purposive sampling strategy. The study found that the implementation of the performance management system in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation was problematic because of unclear and ambiguous foreign policy goals and objectives; lack of broad-based support and critical mass of champions of the performance management system; use of command-and-control management model rather than empowerment and the adaptation model; inadequate human and institutional capacities; ineffective supporting systems of the performance management system; weak accountability and responsibility mechanisms; weak intra-ministerial and inter-ministerial communication, co-operation, collaboration and co-ordination; inadequate information and communications technology infrastructure and unfavourable international environment. This study contributed to the existing literature by investigating the implementation of the performance management system in the global environment from a public service perspective rather than a private sector perspective, which relies on the experiences of multinational companies. The study findings provide some invaluable insights that may improve the implementation of the performance management system in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation of the Botswana public service by proposing recommendations to the identified problems. The recommendations include: setting clear and specific foreign policy objectives; creating a critical mass of champions of the performance management system; strengthening human and institutional capacities; promoting effective implementation and use of supporting systems of the performance management system; strengthening accountability and responsibility mechanisms; strengthening intra-ministerial and inter-ministerial communication, co-operation, collaboration, and co-ordination; strengthening decentralisation and empowerment principles and upgrading information and communications technology infrastructure. / Public Administration and Management / DPA

The main aim of this study was to investigate the implementation of the performance management system in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation of the Botswana public service and to identify the factors that facilitated and hindered the successful implementation of the programme. This study used a mixed methods research design which combines both qualitative and quantitative research design. The study used the model of social programmes, which is a holistic and comprehensive analytical framework that is used to study the implementation of social intervention programmes. Research data was obtained using a triangulation of research methods (case study, evaluation research and survey method) and data sources (literature review, document analysis, self-administered questionnaires and follow-up personal interviews). A sample of 90 respondents was selected using the purposive sampling strategy. The study found that the implementation of the performance management system in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation was problematic because of unclear and ambiguous foreign policy goals and objectives; lack of broad-based support and critical mass of champions of the performance management system; use of command-and-control management model rather than empowerment and the adaptation model; inadequate human and institutional capacities; ineffective supporting systems of the performance management system; weak accountability and responsibility mechanisms; weak intra-ministerial and inter-ministerial communication, co-operation, collaboration and co-ordination; inadequate information and communications technology infrastructure and unfavourable international environment. This study contributed to the existing literature by investigating the implementation of the performance management system in the global environment from a public service perspective rather than a private sector perspective, which relies on the experiences of multinational companies. The study findings provide some invaluable insights that may improve the implementation of the performance management system in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation of the Botswana public service by proposing recommendations to the identified problems. The recommendations include: setting clear and specific foreign policy objectives; creating a critical mass of champions of the performance management system; strengthening human and institutional capacities; promoting effective implementation and use of supporting systems of the performance management system; strengthening accountability and responsibility mechanisms; strengthening intra-ministerial and inter-ministerial communication, co-operation, collaboration, and co-ordination; strengthening decentralisation and empowerment principles and upgrading information and communications technology infrastructure. / Public Administration and Management / DPA