Magistro baigiamuoju darbu „Europos Teisingumo Teismo jurisprudencija tiesioginių mokesčių srityje” siekiama atskleisti svarbiausias Europos Teisingumo Teismo suformuluotas Europos Bendrijos steigimo sutarties interpretavimo tiesioginių mokesčių srityje taisykles. Autorė trumpai pristato pagrindinius tiesioginių mokesčių ir netiesioginių mokesčių atribojimo kriterijus, apžvelgia, kokiomis Europos Bendrijos sutarties nuostatomis vadovaujantis Europos Sąjungos institucijos yra kompetentingos priimti teisės aktus tiesioginių mokesčių srityje, detaliai analizuoja Europos Bendrijos sutartyje įtvirtintų pagrindinių laisvių taikymo tiesioginiams mokesčiams klausimus, pateikia detalią diskriminaciją ir nediskriminacinius apribojimus tiesioginių mokesčių srityje pateisinančių argumentų analizę, atskleidžia pagrindines Europos Teisingumo Teismo suformuluotos taisykles tiesioginių mokesčių srityje. / The thesis Jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice in the Field of Direct Taxes seeks to reveal the essential rules set by the European Court of Justice for the interpretation of the Treaty Establishing the European Community (further – the Treaty) in the field of direct taxes. The author gives a short presentation on criteria for the separation of direct and indirect taxes, reviews the provisions of the Treaty which are being followed by the European Union institutions to be competent to adopt legal acts in the field of direct taxes, thoroughly examines the issues of the application of the fundamental freedoms established by the Treaty to the direct taxes, provides a detailed analysis of arguments justifying discriminatory and non-discriminatory restraints for direct taxes, reveals the main rules formulated by the European Court of Justice for direct taxes.

Šiame darbe remiantis pagrindiniais dviem šaltiniais (t.y. Europos apmokestinimo duomenų bazė ir Europos Komisijos kasmetinis leidinys Europos Sąjungos mokesčių sistemų struktūros) nagrinėjamos ES valstybių narių tiesioginių mokesčių sistemos. Pirmame darbo skyriuje bandoma trumpai apžvelgti mokesčius bendrai ir tiesioginių mokesčių harmonizavimą ES valstybėse. Pradžioje pateikiama mokesčių ir mokesčių sistemos sąvokos samprata, mokesčių funkcijos, išskiriami mokesčių elementai ir apmokestinimo principai, mokesčių klasifikacija. Pirmo skyriaus antroje dalyje kalbama apie pastangas harmonizuoti tiesioginius mokesčius ES valstybėse narėse bei atskleidžiami pagrindiniai nacionalinių mokesčių sistemų harmonizavimo ES tikslai. Antrame darbo skyriuje apžvelgiamos ES valstybių narių tiesioginių mokesčių sistemos, t.y. trumpai aprašomi tiesioginiai mokesčiai: gyventojų pajamų, juridinių asmenų pelno, nekilnojamojo turto, paveldėjimo ar dovanojimo mokesčiai. Antro skyriaus pirmame poskyryje bandoma atskleisti gyventojų pajamų apmokestinimo ypatumus. Darbe apsiribojama nuolatinių (rezidentų) mokesčio bazės bei tarifų ES valstybėse palyginimu. Analizuojant mokesčių bazę, remiamasi 2 pajamų grupėmis: su darbo santykiais susijusiomis pajamomis bei individualia veikla. Atskleidžiami individualios veiklos, o tiksliau – komercinių pajamų ir profesinių pajamų traktavimo ypatumai. Taip pat su darbo santykiais susijusių pajamų (darbo užmokestis ir pajamos natūra) apmokestinimo pagrindiniai... [to full text] / This thesis, referring to such main sources as “European taxation database” and European commission annual journal on “Structures of the taxation systems in the Euopean Union”, analyses EU member states direct tax systems. First chapter gives a brief overview on taxes in general and direct taxes harmonization in EU countries. Firstly it is described the concept of tax and tax system, tax functions, elements of taxes and the principles of taxation, also the classification of taxes. The second part of the first chapter describes the attempts on direct taxes harmonization in EU member states and develops the main goals of the national taxes systems harmonization in EU. Second chapter gives an overview of the direct taxes systems of the EU member states, i.e. briefly presents direct taxes, such as tax on income of individuals, tax of profit of legal persons, tax on immovable property, inheritance tax, or donative tax. The first section of the second chapter describes peculiarities of the income of individual’s tax. This thesis confines to comparison of permanent (residential) tax base and tax rates in EU member states. Analyzing tax base references are made to 2 income groups: income related to work relations and individual activity. The peculiarities of individual activity, to be more precise – the peculiarities of commercial income and professional income treatment are being established. Also work related income (wage and in-kind revenue) taxation main differences are being... [to full text]

Bakalauro baigiamąjame darbe atskleidžiama tiesioginių mokesčių vieta Lietuvos mokesčių sistemoje, išskiriant mokesčių rūšis priskiriamas prie tiesioginių mokesčių grupės, nagrinėjami GPM, pelno mokesčio ir turto mokesčių (nekilnojamojo turto mokesčio, žemės mokesčio, paveldimo turto mokesčio) apmokestinimo instrumentarijai. Nagrinėjama nacionalinio biudžeto mokestinių pajamų struktūrą, dinamika 2006-2010 m., atskleidžiama pajamų iš tiesioginių mokesčių lyginamieji svoriai nacionalinio biudžeto mokestinių pajamų struktūroje. Atliktas pajamų iš GPM, pelno mokesčio, turto mokesčių tyrimas, kurio metu atskleidžiama pajamų iš GPM, pelno mokesčio, turto mokesčių dinamika 2006-2010 m. pajamų iš GPM, pelno mokesčio, turto mokesčių surinkimo plano vykdymas, įdentifikuoti veiksniai įtakojantys pajamų iš GPM, pelno mokesčio, turto mokesčių kitimo tendencijos, atskleistos pajamų iš GPM pagal apmokestinimo objektus, pajamų iš pelno mokesčio pagal įmonių rūšis ir pajamų iš turto mokesčių pagal mokesčių rūšis kitimo tendencijos. Taip pat įdentifikuotos pajamų iš tiesioginių mokesčių didinimo galimybės. / Bachelor of baigiamąjame disclosure of direct taxes in the work of the tax system, excluding tax type assigned to direct tax group, deal with gpm, corporation tax and wealth tax (real estate tax, tax, inheritance tax) instrumentarijai taxation. The national budget tax income structure, dynamics 2006-2010, disclosed the revenue from direct taxes weighting national budget of tax revenue. A revenue from gpm, income tax, wealth tax trial, disclosed the revenue from gpm, income tax, wealth tax dynamics 2006-2010. revenue from gpm of income tax, wealth tax collection plan execution, įdentifikuoti factors contributing to income from gpm, income tax, wealth tax trends, disclosed the taxation of income from gpm objects, revenue from income tax by the undertakings and the types of property income tax by tax type trends. Also įdentifikuotos revenue from direct tax increases.

Taxes have a significant meaning in society. They represent a political and macroeconomic tool, and primarily, tax levies are necessary to satisfy existential needs of the state. Since taxes are means to promote political persuasion, their legal form is subject to frequent change depending on fluctuation of influential members of the government. Due to globalization we have also been witnessing an increasingly faster rotation of economic cycles. In these cases government usually takes advantage of changes within the tax system to avoid extreme conditions. As in the other European countries, the Czech Republic circumstances show a progressive meaning of the fiscal responsibility and the related effectivity of the state apparatus functioning. In the scope of public income administration de lege lata the integration of administration from individual authorities into a single modern agency is being prepared. Work analyses a theoretical specification of the term tax including its structural elements. Practical notion of work is devoted to admistration of the national budget resources and its upcoming reform, or upcoming integration. Various project difficulties of intergration of the public income administration, and deficiencies in officially available documents of working groups have been determined.

The masters's thesis focuses on decision making of companies with organizational structure of corporations operating in the Czech Republic and Slovakia from the tax point of view. It mainly focuses on direct taxes, specific tax burdens, social and health payments and profit sharing. It is also mentioned tax harmonization. It contains summa-ry tables. In conclusion, an evaluation is presented where it is effective to look for location from costs point of view and in terms of legislative developments.

In my thesis I deal with examination of administrative demands of the tax system in the Czech Republic, causes thereof and possibilities of solution. For the reason of the thesis extent I examined only direct taxes although indirect taxes show the great potential to reach savings in administrative demands as well and general conclusions may be applied to them. The thesis is divided into four chapters. In chapter I. I define the term of administrative demands as a cause of inefficiency of tax collection system. I look for the causes in principles of the constitutional system of the Czech Republic and tax system, i.e. in its individual tax laws. For comparison I examine the issue also in other countries of the European Union and in Russia to get to know, how effectively tax systems in other states work. In chapter II. I analyze particular parameters of the tax system, such as registration procedures, filing of tax returns concerning individual taxes, additional payments of taxes and tax advance payments, communication with authorities, process of tax recovery, making controls. In chapter III. I propose solution arising from analysis made in previous chapters, which should decrease the administrative demands by various methods. My aim is to keep the same volume of collected taxes. In final chapter IV....

- 1 - Abstract The issue of income tax is a topic that is current, whatever the political organization of the country, because it is a fact significantly affecting the political, economic and social conditions, from many different aspects. Individual load, as well as corporate income taxes is one of the key elements that most impact on people and affect their economic behavior, social and political decision-making standard. Income tax in the tax systems is one of the most important taxes, because it is burdening the income of individuals and legal entities, tax payers. Through a greater or lower tax burden on personal and corporate income it is possible to use the legislation in the area of income tax and its setting, in the period of economic stagnation, as an instrument for economic recovery. In the area of tax systems and tax systems of specific countries in the last decade we recorded a relatively significant development. The shift, consisting mainly in the approximation of national tax laws, is in our legal system particularly evident after the enter of Czech Republic to the European Union in 2004. In connection with the gradual expansion of the European Economic Community, of the customs union, common market between Member States and European Union development into as we know it today, with 27 Member...

This final thesis deals with the tax system of Slovakia. The main aim of the thesis is to capture the development of the tax reforms carried out in the Slovak Republic and the decription of the consequences of the resulting tax systems. The partial aim is the analysis of the Electronic Register of Sales. The first chapter defines the concept of tax reform and describes tax reforms in the world, then there are futher specified tax reforms of Czechoslovakia. The second chapter focuses on a big tax reform in Slovakia in 2004. The third chapter is devoted to the current tax system. The fourth chapter deals with the Electronic Register of Sales.

aspects contribute to an increase of taxpayer's administrative costs state's enforcement costs and create a room for d

The thesis is devoted to the most relevant cases of European Court of Justice in the field of direct taxation and their influence on national tax policies. Different member states are willing to implement the law of European Union at different levels. The thesis evaluate the impact of ECJ cases on national tax systems of France and The Netherlands. It has several parts. First part describes historical milestones in coordination of direct taxation, second part describes the ECJ and its function and structure. Follows the analysis of most important cases. Last part evaluate the impact of cases on French and Dutch tax system.