The problem that Groenewald (1995: 4) mentions in connection with the Sepedi drama is that, it is not performable and that it is actually not a drama in the true sense of the word. In the African languages there is actually no theatre tradition and the written dramas are, with the exception of a few, plays that should be read. The few exceptions are small works that were written for schoolchildren and that were performed once or twice by them. Groenewald emphasises the fact that school and university syllabi demand that there be dramas in the these languages, but that they are never performed. This dissertation wants to scrutinise the main shortcomings related to performance so that the findings can serve as an incentive to prospective playwrights to improve on what already exists. In order to limit the magnitude of such an investigation, a specific drama, namely Nkadimeng's Ntšhutelele (1985) is concentrated on. This work is choosen because almost all shortcomings with regard to performance appear in it. Two authors have already discussed this drama and have pointed out a few problems. The first investigator is Mohlala who comments mainly on the dialogue and monologue. The second person is Mokwebu, and in his report he obliquely touches on the aspects of time and place in the course of events. Although they do bring up certain problems related to performability, their discussions deal mainly with the drama as a literary work. This dissertation, however, does not only want to discuss the problem related to the performability of the Sepedi drama, but also wants to explain why each specific problem hampers the performability of the work. In this discussion, the drama is discussed as a work that has two modes of existence, i.e. that it is a literary work as well as a stage play. As a drama it thus exists thanks to (a) the author and (b) a producer who is responsible only for the performance. The latter, amongst other things, must make sure that the performance does not take too long and that the stage that he uses has enough space to accommodate the reality that is being presented. The problems related to performance that will be discussed are classified under the following: time and place of the events that are presented, the dialogue and the monologue, and the role played by the author's directions. Structural errors that have implications for the performance are also pointed out in the work. The concepts that are used in the analysis of Ntšhutelele are defined comprehensively in advance. It stands to reason that literary concepts that are relevantto the discussion like content, structure and the author's vision are amongst these concepts. However, the concept of performance is explained in the greatest detail so that the requirements in such a case can be sketched clearly and that they can be used as evaluation criteria in the discussion of the drama Ntšhutelele. In the following analysis, the shortcomings with regard to performance as listed above are discussed comprehensively and critically. In a few cases, one or more merits are indicated in addition to the pointing out of the shortcomings. The concept of time is examined in the widest sense of the word, as is the duration of the performance as such. / Dissertation (MA (African Languages))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / African Languages / MA / unrestricted

L’idée m’est venue, après 35 ans de carrière en éducation de faire des études doctorales, question de boucler ma vie professionnelle par un exercice de synthèse significatif. Or au cours de cette carrière, j’ai eu à travailler quelques années avec des directions d’écoles élémentaires qui avaient à jongler, à la fois, avec le mandat de cette école particulière qu’est l’école de langue française en milieu minoritaire, avec la présence majoritaire d’enfants issus de l’immigration et avec les exigences de performance et d’efficacité telles que précisées par le ministère de l’Éducation de l’Ontario. Je me suis demandé comment le care et l’éthique du care interviennent dans le processus de conciliation de ces différentes exigences dans ce contexte. L’approche narrative (narrative inquiry) m’a offert la structure méthodologique requise pour réaliser mon travail de recherche. J’ai fait des entrevues phénoménologiques avec quatre directions d’école. Leurs récits d’expérience jumelés au mien ont permis d’explorer notre paysage du savoir professionnel puisque l’expérience est source de savoir. Les récits institutionnels issus du ministère et des conseils scolaires de district ont aussi offert une toile de fond à la réflexion. Le phénomène du care, sa forme et ses modalités d’expression dans le milieu scolaire a été au cœur de mes interrogations et de ma démarche. Cette démarche, en fait, se présente sous la forme d’une thèse/récit en mode narratif qui se veut un collage esthétique de trois livres. Ainsi, dans le Livre des savoirs, j’explicite le care et présente la méthodologie de recherche. Ensuite, dans le Livre des conversations, j’ai organisé mes données sous la forme de onze conversations qui me permettent de livrer les propos des directions d’école ainsi que les récits institutionnels. Chaque conversation est suivie d’une décantation, premier niveau d’interprétation. Vient en troisième lieu, le Livre des méditations qui est le résultat de mon effort interprétatif, herméneutique et systémique pour expliciter et cerner le care et l’éthique du care dans le milieu scolaire. Je me suis appuyée sur les phases du care et les qualités morales qui y sont inhérentes (Tronto, 1993, 2009) pour présenter, à travers les propos de directions d’école, comment le phénomène du care prend forme dans leur paysage professionnel. J’ai jeté un regard particulier sur les besoins distinctifs des personnes et des écoles en contexte linguistique minoritaire dégageant ainsi que, s’il est possible de parler de care au plan individuel, il est aussi important d’en considérer la forme et les exigences au plan institutionnel. En supposant que le care est le reflet d’une éthique relationnelle, il m’a fallu intégrer la notion d’éthique écologique dans ma réflexion sur les écoles en milieu linguistique minoritaire pour refléter l’importance de la composante communautaire dans la vision du care. De cette façon, ma recherche contribue à placer le care en éducation dans le domaine public et à élargir les pourtours de la conception du care en tant qu’outil de consolidation ou de développement communautaire.

The diploma thesis is focused on the qualitative analysis of Montessori pedagogy and traditional Czech pedagogy and attempts to highlight some of the problems of the current functioning of the educational process in traditional Czech schools and proposes concrete possibilities of making it more effective. The theoretical part provides a brief picture of the author of the Montessori educational method and the development of this method and defines its principles. The core of the practical part are qualitative analyses of the Montessori and the traditional Czech pedagogy. To process these analyses, survey results contributed. The survey was focused on the perception of benefits and risks of the practical application of Montessori pedagogy which the author conducted among Montessori teachers. The result of the qualitative analysis of both the pedagogical directions is a proposal for teaching guidelines optimization is a traditional Czech school. The proposed measures focus on the transformation of the school environment, changes in the school time organization and teaching methods, class size reduction, changes in the methods of diagnosis and evaluation and the state education funding. The diploma thesis aims to highlight the shortcomings and the need for changes in the current functioning of compulsory school education in the Czech Republic.

This diploma thesis describes the fundamentals of the Android framework for the future development of mobile applications. The reader will be introduced to existing applications for the support of physically disabled people. It will also describe the design and implementation of a new mobile application, displaying information on selected buildings and giving the possibility of marking obstacles in the public space near the city centre of Brno. Finally, the principle of the chosen procedure of finding potentially barrier-free routes, during which the state of the obstacle database is taken into account, will be explained.

This master’s thesis deals with the production of intradepartmental directions in company JDesign Ltd. It includes a suggestion of every single direction, according to the legal law and company needs.

The authors' analysis of 291 family business articles published in 30 management journals between 2001 and 2007 reports the contributions of individual scholars and academic institutions to family business research. To better understand the interrelationships among scholars who have contributed to family business research, a network analysis of coauthor relationships was conducted. The authors also provide a content analysis of the articles and offer suggestions for future research. By analyzing the who, where, and what of family business research, the reasons why the developmental trends have occurred and how the field's momentum can be maintained and directed toward productive ends become clearer.

L’épuisement professionnel est un syndrome généré par du stress chronique au travail qui entraîne des conséquences néfastes pour la santé psychologique et physique des individus qui en souffrent. Il a été très étudié chez des populations d’enseignants et chez le personnel de la santé. Moins d’attention est portée sur les directions d’établissements d’enseignement. Pourtant, celles-ci sont également à risque d’épuisement professionnel vu la nature de leur travail. Cependant, aucune revue systématique de la littérature n’a été effectuée sur les facteurs de risque de l’épuisement professionnel chez cette population. L’objectif de ce mémoire est donc de rassembler et d’intégrer les connaissances dans la littérature sur l’épuisement professionnel chez les directions d’établissements d’enseignement afin de guider la recherche future et de créer éventuellement des interventions visant à prévenir le développement de ce syndrome chez cette population. Parmi les 476 articles initialement identifiés dans les bases de données, 15 ont été retenus dans la revue systématique en considérant les critères d’inclusion. Les facteurs de risque et de protection recensés sont nombreux: 16 facteurs individuels et 13 facteurs situationnels sont discutés dans cette revue systématique. Les résultats des études suggèrent que les facteurs de risque et de protection de l’épuisement professionnel observés dans d’autres types de populations (enseignants, autres postes de direction) peuvent également s’appliquer pour les directions d’établissements d’enseignement. De plus, des facteurs jamais étudiés auparavant ont démontré une association avec l’épuisement professionnel chez cette population. Cependant, d’autres recherches sont nécessaires afin de fournir du support à la majorité des facteurs discutés. / Burnout is a syndrome generated by chronic stress at work that leads to harmful consequences for the psychological and physical health of the individuals who suffer from it. It has been extensively studied in populations of teachers and health care personnel. Less attention has been paid to school principals. Yet, principals are also at risk of burnout given the nature of their work. However, no systematic review of the literature has been conducted on the risk factors for burnout in this population. The purpose of this dissertation is to gather and integrate knowledge from the literature on burnout in principals in order to guide future research and prevent the development of this syndrome in this population. Of the 476 articles initially captured in the databases, 15 were retained in the systematic review when considering the inclusion criteria. The risk and protective factors identified are numerous. 16 individual factors and 13 situational factors are discussed in this systematic review. The results of the studies suggest that the risk and protective factors for burnout observed in other types of populations (teachers, other management positions) also apply to school principals. In addition, previously unstudied factors have shown an association with burnout in this population. However, more research is needed to provide support for the majority of factors discussed.

In sufficient dimension reduction (Li, 1991; Cook, 1998b), original predictors are replaced by their low-dimensional linear combinations while preserving all of the conditional information of the response given the predictors. Sliced inverse regression [SIR; Li, 1991] and principal Hessian directions [PHD; Li, 1992] are two popular sufficient dimension reduction methods, and both SIR and PHD estimators involve all of the original predictor variables. To deal with the cases when the linear combinations involve only a subset of the original predictors, we propose a Bayesian model averaging (Raftery et al., 1997) approach to achieve sparse sufficient dimension reduction. We extend both SIR and PHD under the Bayesian framework. The superior performance of the proposed methods is demonstrated through extensive numerical studies as well as a real data analysis. / Statistics

Existing sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) methods typically consider cases with no missing data. The dissertation aims to propose methods to facilitate the SDR methods when the response can be missing. The first part of the dissertation focuses on the seminal sliced inverse regression (SIR) approach proposed by Li (1991). We show that missing responses generally affect the validity of the inverse regressions under the mechanism of missing at random. We then propose a simple and effective adjustment with inverse probability weighting that guarantees the validity of SIR. Furthermore, a marginal coordinate test is introduced for this adjusted estimator. The proposed method share the simplicity of SIR and requires the linear conditional mean assumption. The second part of the dissertation proposes two new estimating equation procedures: the complete case estimating equation approach and the inverse probability weighted estimating equation approach. The two approaches are applied to a family of dimension reduction methods, which includes ordinary least squares, principal Hessian directions, and SIR. By solving the estimating equations, the two approaches are able to avoid the common assumptions in the SDR literature, the linear conditional mean assumption, and the constant conditional variance assumption. For all the aforementioned methods, the asymptotic properties are established, and their superb finite sample performances are demonstrated through extensive numerical studies as well as a real data analysis. In addition, existing estimators of the central mean space have uneven performances across different types of link functions. To address this limitation, a new hybrid SDR estimator is proposed that successfully recovers the central mean space for a wide range of link functions. Based on the new hybrid estimator, we further study the order determination procedure and the marginal coordinate test. The superior performance of the hybrid estimator over existing methods is demonstrated in simulation studies. Note that the proposed procedures dealing with the missing response at random can be simply adapted to this hybrid method. / Statistics

Cette recherche porte sur le développement international des tournées musicales entre 1850 et 1930, période caractérisée par l’affirmation de la fonction d’intermédiation et par une approche commerciale de plus en plus assumée du concert. En adoptant la perspective des intermédiaires qui ont porté cette évolution, nous nous proposons d’étudier comment le changement d’échelle de ces échanges culturels et économiques que constituent les tournées musicales a provoqué de profondes mutations. En particulier, la dimension transatlantique qu’acquiert le commerce musical à partir de 1850 a des conséquences décisives sur le concert. En effet, non seulement la structure des échanges doit être adaptée à cette nouvelle échelle, mais les répercussions sont sensibles également sur les objets artistiques et sur les pratiques sociales qui entourent l’activité musicale. Traitant le concert comme un spectacle, les imprésarios américains promeuvent une approche résolument commerciale qui, a priori, s’oppose aux conceptions artistiques européennes. Cependant, par le jeu des concurrences et des coopérations transnationales, les innovations apportées par les intermédiaires américains transforment le commerce musical dans son ensemble. Elles suscitent notamment l’émergence, par réaction mais aussi par réappropriation, de directions de concerts modernes à partir des traditionnelles maisons d’édition musicale européennes. En outre, parce que les œuvres musicales sont aussi des objets symboliquement connotés, socialement et nationalement, leur commerce reflète les tensions entre démocratisation et distinction d’une part, et entre enjeux nationaux et tentation universaliste d’autre part. / This research concerns the international development of musical tours between 1850 and 1930, a period characterized by the affirmation of the intermediation function and by an increasingly commercial approach to concerts. By adopting the perspective of the intermediaries who have brought about this evolution, we propose to study how the change in scale of those cultural and economic exchanges that musical tours are has caused profound changes. In particular, the transatlantic dimension that the music trade acquired from 1850 onwards had decisive consequences for the concert. Indeed, not only the structure of the exchanges had to be adapted to this new scale, but the repercussions were also sensitive on the artistic objects and on the social practices which surround the musical activity. Treating the concert as a show, the American impresarios promoted a resolutely commercial approach which, a priori, was opposed to European artistic conceptions. However, through transnational competition and cooperation, the innovations brought by American intermediaries transformed the music trade as a whole. In particular, they led to the emergence, by reaction but also by reappropriation, of modern concert directions based on traditional European music publishing houses. Moreover, because musical works are also symbolically, socially and nationally connoted objects, their trade reflects the tensions between democratization and distinction on the one hand, and between national issues and universalist temptation on the other.