The basic problem that this work wishes to address concerns the  unsustainable use of water resources in many places of the world. In some places, the problem leads to human suffering and death while also obstructing social and economic development. In other places, where the consequences are less severe, natural environments are seriously damaged. A significant part of the solution to this problem lies in the planning and decision-making domain. The overall aim of this thesis is therefore to contribute to the available knowledge on planning and management for the sustainable use of water resources. Planning as a process is in focus, both in itself and in the organisational and legal contexts that affect how planning processes are performed.   The main methodological approach used, and the theoretical contribution made here, is the deriving and discussion of a set of deductive criteria for the development and assessment of planning processes for the sustainable use of water resources (Papers III and IV). The criteria were derived using a multi-disciplinary approach, where the relevant literature on how to transform the concepts of ‘integration’ and ‘participation’ – both key principles for sustainable development in relation to planning – into an analytical framework of twelve criteria, was reviewed and synthesised. The derived criteria concern issues such as, how to integrate knowledge and values into the planning process and how to generate commitment, legitimacy or acceptance for the resulting plan, by democratic means. The criteria are then used to assess the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) – an extensive legal framework which will steer water planning in the EU Member States for several decades to come – and to assess the planning processes that follows on from WFD implementation in Sweden.   The analysis contained in (Paper V) showed that the WFD erects few formal barriers to good planning practices. The analysis also showed however, that the planning processes that follow on from its implementation will need to be adapted to compensate for the weak legal support in a number of important areas, namely, the use of knowledge from beyond the natural sciences, the use of methodologies for the explicit handling of values and the use of procedures for democratic participation. Several recommendations are also made in respect of how the WFD could be supplemented in order for it to become a stronger support in planning processes for the sustainable use of water.   The analysis of the ongoing water planning processes in Sweden (Paper VI) showed that knowledge of how to work with values and how to create forms and methods of participation and collaboration remain clearly underdeveloped. In consequence, the main objectives behind participation – the provision of knowledge and perspectives for the process and the creation of legitimacy, acceptance or engagement – are actually at risk. Recommendations include complementing the existing knowledge base with insights from the social sciences and the humanities, to create well informed learning systems within the new water administration and to make use of alternative methods for the handling of values.   In addition to this, two papers from the thesis (Papers I and II) concern the situation pertaining before WFD implementation in Sweden. By comparing the system for municipal land and water planning (the former main system for long-term water planning in Sweden) with WFD prescriptions, and with the organisation of the new water administration bodies, some potential implications of WFD implementation were identified. From here it followed, that the development of forms of co-operation between the concerned administrative organisations, and in respect of the democratic involvement of the public and other concerned actors, were crucial in creating an integrative, effective and democratic system for water planning in Sweden.   The thesis also illustrates the use of a tentative model for the operationalisation of ‘sustainable development’. The tentative model is described in the thesis, and it constitutes the methodological baseline for the thesis, since five of the papers contained herein use various approaches related to this model.

Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der im Jahr 2009 in Kraft getretenen Regelung der Patientenverfügung des §1901 a BGB, insbesondere den Anwendungsproblemen der Erstellung einer Verfügung sowie den Schwierigkeiten bei Ihrer Umsetzung. Dabei liegt ein Schwerpunkt bei der Frage, inwieweit Patientenverfügungen in der Notfallsituation aufgrund der spezifischen Besonderheiten beachtet werden können bzw. müssen. Die Ausarbeitung unterbreitet Vorschläge für die Abfassung von Patientenverfügungen und bietet im Anhang eine auf der Musterverfügung des BMJuV basierende überarbeitete Textbausteinversion zur Erstellung einer individuellen Patientenverfügung an. Literatur, Rechtsprechung und Gesetze sind bis zum 01.06.2016 berücksichtigt.

Implementation of EU Water Framework Directive has led to an increased demand for cost-benefit analysis in water management. The directive introduces a good status, which is required on all water bodies by 2027. Excessive phosphorus inflows are one of the main reasons for not meeting the criteria in the Czech Republic. If achieving of the good status is not cost-proportionate, exemption can be applied. Many different methodologies were created across different states, including Czech official methodology by Slavíková et al. (2015). However, this methodology does not deal with uncertainty of measures effectiveness. This thesis describes how to implement the uncertainty into calculations using Bayesian networks. A case study of Stanovice water reservoir demonstrates the approach practically. Results of the Bayesian network show, that selected measures with available data eliminate desired amount of phosphorus in 70% of all cases. This reduction is most likely sufficient, because it holds for the upper estimate of required abatement (60 to 200 kg). Based on comparison of benefits and costs, it seems net benefits are generated by implementing suggested measures. Therefore, policy recommendation is to implement the selected measures.

The diploma thesis deals with the main risks of dangerous goods transportation and ways of their minimization. The thesis devotes a new form of internal training of SCHENKER's employees about regulations concerning dangerous goods transportation as the way to enhance their security.

The thesis framework lies in the analysis of audit growth in the Czech Republic specifically in its legal modification. Initial analysis is based on statutory audit directive 2006/43/EC including new audit infrastructure such as public oversight and systems of quality assurance. Czech legislative acts before and after April 2009 are also considered with respect to digests 254/2000 and 93/2009. A study of the implemented legislation seen in directive 2006/43/EC and its effect in the Czech Republic is undertaken and reviewed.

The master thesis covers the topic of company purchasing of own shares. In the meantime, this kind of process in the life of a company has been completed by another important phenomenon -- financial assistance -- which is the second topic of this thesis. The thesis aims to analyse the changes, that have been noticed in the Czech system of law, concerning the company purchase of own shares and the financial assistance during the last eighteen years, i. e. since the Commercial Code entered into force in the Czech Republic. There are also included the reasons of the legal regulation of the process of purchasing of own shares, that are of economic, legal even ethic character. In fact, the company law in the Czech Republic has been influenced in a significant way by the European sources of law, as well as the other branches of law. Thus, the evolution of the European legal framework of the company purchase of own shares and the financial assistance, and its impact on the Czech company law, have to be mentioned. To be more illustrative, the thesis refers to the judicature of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic, to the judicature of the Court of Justice of the European Union, and standard practice of the Securities Commission.

Ce travail de thèse est composé de deux partie distinctes. La première partie est consacrée à l'étude et la modélisation des métamatériaux et tout particulièrement à leur caractérisation. Il s'agit donc de proposer des paramètres constitutifs équivalents (permittivité, perméabilité et couplage magnéto-électrique) qui permettent de remplacer les métamatériaux, composés à l'origine de réseaux périodiques de cellules discrètes, par des milieux homogènes et continus. Deux régimes sont considérés : sub-longueur d'onde et longueur d'onde. Dans le premier régime, les dimensions de la cellule de base, en particulier la période du réseau, sont très faibles devant la longueur d'onde. Le métamatériau est alors modélisé par un milieu bi-anisotrope continu. Pour le deuxième régime, les dimensions et la période sont comparables à la longueur d'onde. Les paramètres constitutifs sont alors définis au sens "local" qui prend en compte le caractère discret et périodique de la structure. Enfin, la caractérisation consiste à extraire les paramètres constitutifs à partir des coefficients de réflexion et de transmission d'une lame de métamatériau. Pour cela, nous appliquons la méthode d'inversion sous sa forme classique pour le régime "sub-longueur d'onde" et son extension aux structures périodiques pour le régime "longueur d'onde". L'une des contributions majeure de ce travail est l'application des incidences obliques (à l'interface air-métamatériau) pour extraire les paramètres constitutifs longitudinaux. La seconde partie de ce travail de thèse concerne le développement d'antennes directives à partir de sources rayonnantes à modes orthogonaux. Il est bien connu que la directivité est directement limitée par les dimensions de l'antenne ou par le nombre de sources dans un réseau. L'objectif est de mettre en œuvre une méthode alternative qui, tout au moins sur le plan conceptuel et théorique, ne relie pas la directivité à la taille de l'antenne. Nous utilisons donc la combinaison de modes rayonnants orthogonaux pour maximiser la directivité d'antennes tout en minimisant les dimensions du réseau et en limitant le couplage. Chaque source du réseau se doit rayonner un mode propre et unique qui, combiné avec une autre source, permet d'augmenter la directivité. Pour cette étude, le développement théorique des modes sphériques puis cylindriques est tout d'abord présenté afin de mettre en évidence le lien entre la directivité et les modes. En pratique, la mise en œuvre de modes sphériques a révélé des difficultés de conception, si bien que des solutions d'antennes basées sur l'anneau rayonnant sont proposées pour réaliser des sources à modes orthogonaux "cylindriques". Les topologies de structures rayonnantes directives proposées associant des antennes anneaux sont validées en simulation et par la conception puis la mesure de prototypes. / The work presented in this thesis concerns two parts: characterisation methods for metamaterials and directive antennas using space eigen-modes. The first one describes the homogenisation methods of metamaterials to retrieve the constitutive parameters from scattering parameters of the metamaterial's slab. We investigated the metamaterials which present the most common properties of media: bi-isotropic metamaterials (chiral), anisotropic metamaterials (BC-SRR), uni-axial bi-anisotropic metamaterials (double omega medium) and bi-axial bi-anisotropic metamaterials (EC-SRR). The transverse and longitudinal constitutive parameters characterising the anisotropic and bi-anisotropic require to examine the media at normal and oblique incidences. In the analysis we considered to distinguish continuous media restricted to long wave limit and resonating particles lattice which are out of long wave limit. The application of continuous media approach to the resonating particle lattice with size not satisfying the long wave limit can leads to violation of causality and passivity laws. The main different between proposed two approaches is interpretation of boundary conditions (Maxwellian/non-Maxwellian) for the metamaterial slab. The inclusions of lattice we ascribe as electric and magnetic dipole moments to develop an homogeneous resonating particles lattice and to retrieve the constitutive parameters. We validated the proposed approaches and compared the retrieved constitutive parameters according to physical laws. We found that the application of Bloch admittance and equivalence to electric and magnetic dipole moments provides the physical constitutive parameters. The second part of the thesis refers to directive antenna using space eigen-modes. The directivity of the antennas is limited to the size of the antenna or number of elements in an array. In common with keeping small sizes of the array the space between radiation elements has to be minimised. The proposed directive antenna considers the radiation elements determine by the orthogonal modes, i.e. each radiator of the array corresponds to unique space eigen-mode. This allows to ensure small distance between the array elements without introduction of high mutual coupling between them. The original approach refers to superposition of spherical modes however it is not practical. Instead of spherical modes we propose superposition of cylindrical modes which are easy to be realised. For the constructive summation of cylindrical modes and maximisation of directivity in end-fire plane we determine amplitudes of the cylindrical modes excited by electric and/or magnetic vector potentials. The cylindrical modes we obtain by the annular ring antennas and miniaturised annular rings. The superposition of cylindrical modes is achieved with a stacked antenna of annular rings and a coplanar cylindrical annular rings antenna. The both antennas we realised and measured.

The thesis "Travel expenses" is dedicated to the travel expenses according to Czech legislation. The aim is to describe the travel reimbursement and to analyze the providing of compensation travel expenses on example of the elementary art school Zruč nad Sázavou. The purpose of this analysis is primarily to find an optimal solution to the problem of determining the place of regular workplace for the travel expenses. The theoretical part focuses on the identification and definition of all principles of travel expenses in the domestic and foreign business trips. Travel expenses tax rules and implication, billing and accounting are also mentioned. The practical part deals with travel reimbursement in the allowance organization elementary art school Zruč nad Sázavou, where an analysis of current situation of travel expenses was made according to aims of the thesis. The thesis also solve the problem of determining the place of regular workplace in the allowance organisations and it contains proposes a new internal directive for travel expenses. All the information regarding the problematics of travel expenses is based on the status from 1st of January 2015.

The diploma thesis "European legislation in tourism and gastronomy" summarizes legislative changes related to the Czech Republic after joining the European Union. In the theoretical part is examined in detail the structure of the European Union - the EU Treaty, the EU Institutions and the executive, legislative and judicial power. The practical part describes the changes in legislation and their impact on the tourism and hospitality sector. The thesis assesses the pros and cons of the new legislation and the effect of how new directives and regulations affected the activities of the Czech operators of restaurants and hotels.

The aim of the cross-border mergers thesis is to analyze cross-border mergers involving companies from the Czech Republic in years 2008-2015. First part is theoretical and is dedicated to legal, accounting and taxation regultion of cross-border mergers in the Czech Republic. Second part is devoted to the analysis of cross-border mergers in years 2008-2015, in more details to years 2014 and 2015. At the end, there is a practical example of Czech -Slovak merger.