This thesis evaluates the consulting firm WSP´s most significant direct and indirect emissions. This is done by developing a method for collecting and estimate the climate impact associated with a consulting firm´s operations. The aim of this thesis emerged as part of the Uppsala climate protocol, of which WSP has been a member since 2015. Each member has been assigned to adopt at least five of thirty climate challenges. One of the challenges that WSP has assumed is to identify the company’s most significant indirect emissions. The method is based on the guidelines of the well-established standard for calculating climate impact Greenhouse gas protocol. The results show that WSP's total climate impact for 2019 was 208 tones CO2 -eq, corresponding to approximately 1,59 tones CO2-eq per employee. Of these emissions, 76 percent where related to indirect emissions outside the company´s gate. The result shows that capital goods, energy use and business travel constitute WSP´s most significant emissions in 2019. The study shows that a consulting firm's largest emissions occur outside the business's gate in goods and services along the value chain, which demonstrates the importance of including indirect emissions when mapping a company's climate impact.The climate calculations only reflect WSP's emissions linked to the daily operations at the office. Supposedly, a consulting firm’s biggest emissions lies in the consulting assignments. However, there is currently no accepted method for calculating emissions for assignments or any standard for how emissions should be distributed among different actors. A review of previous research shows that there is a large knowledge gap when it comes to quantifying emissions from consultancy assignments. Thus, there is a need to develop methods for how to calculate emissions from assignments. A prerequisite for this is collaboration and increased transparency between different players in the value chain. Collaborations, such as the Uppsala climate protocol ,has an important role to play in initiating methods that could quantify emissions from assignment.

The electrical transmission and distribution grid play a vital role in reaching the Paris agreement by electrification of society. Although the climate impact of electricity production is well documented, the climate impact of the distribution of electricity has only been investigated in a few previous studies. Therefore, this study aims to present the carbon footprint of the distribution grid in Sweden. The study has developed a tool to map the carbon footprint by applying a case study of an electrical grid company in Sweden. The tool includes activities in the company’s value chain associated with material production, installation, usage, maintenance, transportation of the electrical grid and office activities during one year in an electrical grid company. The tool was developed in excel by implementing the theoretical framework of the Greenhouse Gas protocol and life cycle assessment. According to the guidelines of the Greenhouse Gas protocol the CO2 emissions were allocated in scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3. Scope 1 includes direct emissions controlled or owned by the company. Scope 2 are emissions from purchased heat and electricity consumed by the company, and scope 3 includes other indirect emissions from the company's activities throughout the value chain. The result shows the carbon footprint of the electrical distribution grid during 2020 was 2,02 kg CO2e per distributed MWh. The total carbon footprint of the distribution company was 54 329 ton CO2e. A majority, 97 % of the CO2e emissions originated from indirect emissions within scope 3, where capital goods stand for 76 % of the company’s total emissions followed by 12 % from fuel and energy rated activities. This result indicates the importance of including indirect emissions when analyzing the carbon footprint of a company’s value chain. Our study also indicates, in line with previous studies, that a majority of the emissions originate from the manufacturing of cables.

In order to achieve the reductions in emissions that nowadays our planet urgently needs, the collaboration of citizens is necessary. It is necessary that citizens consume products and services that sustainably reduce indirect emissions, but also it is necessary that citizens reduce their associated direct emissions, through the use that they make of their time. In this Thesis, a study is carried out on the direct carbon emissions produced by UK citizens in 2005. These emissions are those emitted when citizens carry out certain daily activities in their households. Later, a comparison with the results of total emissions that other studies obtained is done, to show the importance of the direct emissions derived by this Thesis. This is done first for an average UK citizen, and then the variations in the time use between men and women in each daily activity are analyzed, as well as age ranges, to examine how these variations affect emissions. A relationship between direct and total emissions is found, as well as a gender role issue and a household labor role issue, which produce variations in emissions produced by women and men, as well as variations in emissions associated with different age ranges. In the discussion, the implications of the results obtained in this Thesis are explored, both individually and collectively within the social and economic structure, as well as certain changes that can be introduced daily to achieve a reduction in the direct carbon emissions. “This document presents results drawn from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS), but the interpretation of this data and other views expressed in this text are those of the author. This text does not necessarily represent the views of the MTUS team or any agency which has contributed data to the MTUS archive. The author bears full responsibility for all errors and omissions in the interpretation of the MTUS data.” / För att lyckas uppnå utsläppsminskningar är det nödvändigt att göra förändringar för både indirekta utsläpp, som konsumtion av produkter och service, men också hos de direkta utsläppen. För att minska dessa utsläpp är medborgarna en viktig roll och deras samarbete är nödvändigt. Detta arbete undersöker de direkta koldioxidutsläppen som uppstår i vardagslivet för de brittiska medborgare under år 2005. Resultaten jämförs med tidigare studier som utförts på brittiska medborgare och som analyserar både direkta och indirekta utsläpp. Detta arbete analyserar både utsläppen från en genomsnittsmedborgare i Storbritannien men undersöker även de skillnader som finns mellan kön och olika åldrar. Hur lång tid de olika grupperna spenderar på olika aktiviteter i hemmet skiljer sig åt och även hur mycket arbete de bidrar till i hemmet. Detta har tagits med i beaktning och koldioxidutsläppen från de olika rollerna analyseras. Det var möjligt att dra slutsatser mellan direkta och de totala utsläpp, det var också möjligt att se en variation av utsläpp orsakade av de olika kön och inom olika åldersintervall. I diskussionen genomförs analysen av individuella och kollektiva utsläpp inom den sociala och ekonomiska strukturen. Där förs även en diskussion om vilka förändringar som kan införas i vardagen för att minska koldioxidutsläppen.