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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Characterization of Spinal Shock in Dogs with Acute Spinal Cord Injury

McBride, Rebecca January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
12

Utility and repeatability of quantitative outcome measures to assess recovery after canine spinal cord injury

Song, Rachel B. 27 May 2015 (has links)
No description available.
13

The Canine Cervical Spine - Kinematics and Micromorphometry

Johnson, Jacqueline Anne 25 August 2010 (has links)
No description available.
14

Computer aided characterization of degenerative disk disease employing digital image texture analysis and pattern recognition algorithms

Μιχοπούλου, Σοφία 19 November 2007 (has links)
Introduction: A computer-based classification system is proposed for the characterization of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration from saggital magnetic resonance images. Materials and methods: Cervical intervertebral discs from saggital magnetic resonance images where assessed by an experienced orthopaedist as normal or degenerated (narrowed) employing Matsumoto’s classification scheme. The digital images where enhanced and the intervertebral discs which comprised the regions of interest were segmented. First and second order statistics textural features extracted from thirty-four discs (16 normal and 16 degenerated) were used in order to design and test the classification system. In addition textural features were calculated employing Laws TEM images. The existence of statistically significant differences between the textural features values that were generated from normal and degenerated discs was verified employing the Student’s paired t-test. A subset with the most discriminating features (p<0.01) was selected and the Exhaustive Search and Leave-One-Out methods were used to find the best features combination and validate the classification accuracy of the system. The proposed system used the Least Squares Minimum Distance Classifier in combination with four textural features with comprised the best features combination in order to classify the discs as normal or degenerated. Results: The overall classification accuracy was 93.8% misdiagnosing 2 discs. In addition the system’s sensitivity in detecting a narrow disc was 93.8% and its specificity was also 93.8%. Conclusion: Further investigation and the use of a larger sample for validation could make the proposed system a trustworthy and useful tool to the physicians for the evaluation of degenerative disc disease in the cervical spine. / Σκοπός: Η στένωση των μεσοσπονδύλιων δίσκων της αυχενικής μοίρας, ως κύρια έκφραση εκφυλιστικής νόσου, είναι μια από τις σημαντικότερες αιτίες πρόκλησης πόνου στην περιοχή του αυχένα. Στην κλινική πράξη η αξιολόγηση της στένωσης γίνεται μέσω μέτρησης του μεσοσπονδύλιου διαστήματος, σε διάφορες απεικονίσεις της αυχενικής μοίρας του ασθενούς. Στην παρούσα εργασία προτείνεται μια υπολογιστική μέθοδος ανάλυσης εικόνας, για την αυτοματοποιημένη εκτίμηση της στένωσης από εικόνες μαγνητικής τομογραφίας. Υλικό και Μέθοδος: Μελετήθηκαν 34 μεσοσπονδύλιοι δίσκοι από οβελιαίες τομές μαγνητικής τομογραφίας της αυχενικής μοίρας, οι οποίες ελήφθησαν με χρήση Τ2 ακολουθίας. Η στένωση των μεσοσπονδύλιων δίσκων αξιολογήθηκε από έμπειρο ορθοπαιδικό βάσει της κλίμακας Matsumoto. Οι δίσκοι χωρίστηκαν σε δύο κατηγορίες: (α) 16 φυσιολογικοί και (β) 16 δίσκοι που παρουσίαζαν στένωση. Με χρήση διαδραστικού περιβάλλοντος επεξεργασίας εικάνας καθορίστηκε το περίγραμμα των μεσοσπονδύλιων δίσκων οι οποίοι αποτελούν τις προς ανάλυση περιοχές ενδιαφέροντος (Π.Ε.). Σε κάθε Π.Ε. εφαρμόστηκαν αλγόριθμοι εξαγωγής χαρακτηριστικών υφής. Συγκεκριμένα υπολογίστικαν χαρακτηριστικά υφής από στατιστικά πρώτης και δεύτερης τάξης καθώς και χαρακτηριστικά από τα μέτρα ενέργειας υφλης κατλα Laws. Τα παραπάνω χαρακτηριστικά, ποσοτικοποιούν διαγνωστικές πληροφορίες της έντασης του σήματος της Π.Ε. και συσχετίζονται με τη βιοχημική σύσταση των απεικονιζόμενων δομών. Τα εξαχθέντα χαρακτηριστικά υφής αξιοποιήθηκαν για τη σχεδίαση του ταξινομητή ελάχιστης απόστασης ελαχίστων τετραγώνων, ο οποίος χρησιμοποιήθηκε για το διαχωρισμό μεταξύ φυσιολογικών δίσκων και δίσκων που παρουσίαζαν στένωση (εκφυλισμένων). Αποτελέσματα: Η ακρίβεια της ταξινόμησης φυσιολογικών και εκφυλισμένων μεσοσπονδύλιων δίσκων ανήλθε σε 93.8%. Η ευαισθησία καθώς και η ειδικότητα της μεθόδου, σε ότι αφορά την ανίχνευση εκφυλισμένων δίσκων, είναι επίσης 93.8%. Συμπέρασμα: Με δεδομένο το μικρό μέγεθος του δείγματος που χρησιμοποιήθηκε για το σχεδιασμό της μεθόδου, απαιτούνται περετέρω εργασίες πιστοποίησης της ακρίβειας ταξινόμησης, προκειμένου η μέθοδος αυτή να αξιοποιηθεί από ακτινολόγους και ορθοπαιδικους, ως βοηθητικό διαγνωστικό εργαλείο.
15

Efeitos da terapia com células tronco mesenquimais em afecções do sistema nervoso de cães

Monteiro, Bianca Andriolo. January 2017 (has links)
Orientador: Fernanda da Cruz Landim-Alvarenga / Resumo: O trauma raquimedular, a discopatia e a cinomose são distúrbios que se caracterizam por sinais neurológicos, os quais muitas vezes são de difícil tratamento. Nesse contexto, a terapia celular busca minimizar os sinais e as sequelas neurológicas adquiridas pelas afecções, com objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o resultado do tratamento com células tronco mesenquimais de tecido adiposo nas afecções de trauma rquimedular, sequela de cinomose e discopatia de cães atendidos no serviço de Acupuntura e Dor Crônica da FMVZ-UNESP. Foram utilizados 62 animais, sendo 14 com trauma raquimedular, 17 com discopatias e 31 com sequela de cinomose, todos submetidos ao exame neurológico prévio seguido de terapia celular. A comparação entre os graus antes e após o tratamento com CTMs alogênicas de tecido adiposo para cada tipo de lesão foi realizada utilizando o teste de Mann-Whitney para medidas repetidas. Foi observada diferença entre as medianas referentes ao grau de gravidade das enfermidades tratadas. Nos casos de sequela de cinomose 43.3% (13/30) dos animais tratados apresentaram diminuição dos sinais neurológicos com melhora da graduação da doença. Nos animais com trauma raquimedulares a melhora foi observada em 50% (7/14), e 66.7% dos animais (12/18) que apresentavam discopatias tiveram uma melhora de quadro clínico. Concluiu-se que as aplicações de células tronco mesenquimais em animais com distúrbios neurológicos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor
16

Efeitos da terapia com células tronco mesenquimais em afecções do sistema nervoso de cães / Effects of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in canine nervous system diseases

Monteiro, Bianca Andriolo [UNESP] 04 August 2017 (has links)
Submitted by BIANCA ANDRIOLO MONTEIRO null (bia_andriolo@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-04T17:12:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_impressão pós.pdf: 1200489 bytes, checksum: d6d576511877e132bd55c9b142323dcf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-09-06T12:51:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_ba_dr_bot.pdf: 1200489 bytes, checksum: d6d576511877e132bd55c9b142323dcf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-06T12:51:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_ba_dr_bot.pdf: 1200489 bytes, checksum: d6d576511877e132bd55c9b142323dcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O trauma raquimedular, a discopatia e a cinomose são distúrbios que se caracterizam por sinais neurológicos, os quais muitas vezes são de difícil tratamento. Nesse contexto, a terapia celular busca minimizar os sinais e as sequelas neurológicas adquiridas pelas afecções, com objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o resultado do tratamento com células tronco mesenquimais de tecido adiposo nas afecções de trauma rquimedular, sequela de cinomose e discopatia de cães atendidos no serviço de Acupuntura e Dor Crônica da FMVZ-UNESP. Foram utilizados 62 animais, sendo 14 com trauma raquimedular, 17 com discopatias e 31 com sequela de cinomose, todos submetidos ao exame neurológico prévio seguido de terapia celular. A comparação entre os graus antes e após o tratamento com CTMs alogênicas de tecido adiposo para cada tipo de lesão foi realizada utilizando o teste de Mann-Whitney para medidas repetidas. Foi observada diferença entre as medianas referentes ao grau de gravidade das enfermidades tratadas. Nos casos de sequela de cinomose 43.3% (13/30) dos animais tratados apresentaram diminuição dos sinais neurológicos com melhora da graduação da doença. Nos animais com trauma raquimedulares a melhora foi observada em 50% (7/14), e 66.7% dos animais (12/18) que apresentavam discopatias tiveram uma melhora de quadro clínico. Concluiu-se que as aplicações de células tronco mesenquimais em animais com distúrbios neurológicos da lesão da medula espinhal, doença do disco intervertebral e sequelas de cinomorfose diminuíram o grau de lesão das demais afecções. / Spinal cord injury, intervertebral disc disease and distemper are disorders characterized by neurological signs, which are often difficult to treat. In this context, cell therapy seeks to minimize the signs and the neurological sequelae acquired by injuries, aiming to improve the patients' quality of life. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the results of treatment with mesenchymal stem cells of adipose tissue in conditions of spinal cord injury, distemper sequelae and intervertebral disc disease of dogs treated at the Acupuncture and Chronic Pain Service of FMVZ-UNESP. Sixty-two animals were used, 14 of them with spinal cord injury, 18 with intervertebral disc disease and 30 with distempersequelae, all submitted to previous neurological examination followed by cell therapy. A comparison between grades before and after treatment with allogenic adipose tissue MSCs for each type of injury was performed using the Mann-Whitney test for repeated measurements. A difference was observed between to the injury degree of the diseases treated. In the case of distemper, 43.3% (13/30) of the treated animals showed decreased neurological signs with a reduction in the injury degree. In animals with spinal cord injury was observed decrease in 50% (7/14) of injury degree, and 66.7% of the intervertebral disc disease animals (12/18) had a reduced injury degree. It can be concluded that mesenchymal stem cells in animals with nervous system injuries, it covers a medical clinic of second-hand products with neurological disorders of spindle trauma, discopathy and sequelae of distemper. It was concluded that the MSCs applications in animals with neurological disorders of spinal cord injury, intervertebral disc disease and distemper sequelae decreased the injury degree of the diseases treated.
17

Prävalenz und Risikofaktoren bei der Entstehung akuter Pankreatitiden bei Hunden mit einem Bandscheibenvorfall

Müller, Marie-Kerstin 07 February 2017 (has links)
Einleitung: Der Verdacht, dass Hunde mit einem Bandscheibenvorfall eine Prädisposition für die Entstehung einer Pankreatitis haben könnten, wurde in der Veterinärmedizin bereits in den frühen 1980er Jahren diskutiert. Trotz dieser bereits vor vielen Jahren erhobenen Vermutungen, wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen der Entstehung einer Pankreatitis und einem zeitgleich vorliegenden Bandscheibenvorfall auch im Hinblick auf mögliche Risikofaktoren wie dem Einfluss der Narkose oder dem Einsatz von Medikamenten (v. a. Glukokortikoide und nichtsteroidale Antiphlogistika) bisher nicht näher untersucht. Ziele der Untersuchungen: Im Rahmen der vorliegenden prospektiven Studie sollte untersucht werden, ob Bandscheibenvorfälle ein Risikofaktor für die Entstehung einer Pankreatitis beim Hund darstellen. Ferner sollte geklärt werden, ob die Narkose und die Gabe von Glukokortikoiden und/oder nichtsteroidalen Antiphlogistika zusätzlich das Risiko der Entstehung einer Pankreatitis bei Hunden mit einem Bandscheibenvorfall erhöhen. Material und Methoden: Insgesamt wurden 106 Hunde, bei denen aufgrund der klinischen Symptome der Verdacht einer Rückenmarksläsion bestand, an fünf aufeinander folgenden Tagen klinisch untersucht. Besonderes Augenmerk wurde hierbei auf Symptome gelegt, welche typischerweise bei Pankreatitiden zu beobachten sind (reduziertes Allgemeinbefinden, Schwäche, Anorexie, dolentes Abdomen, Vomitus, Regurgitieren, Diarrhoe, Fieber, Dehydratation). Ferner wurde am Tag 0 und Tag 4 der stationären Aufnahme die Konzentration der caninen pankreasspezifischen Lipase im Serum gemessen (Spec cPL und Snap cPL). Am Tag 0 wurde von dem Vorliegen einer Pankreatitis ausgegangen, wenn klinische Befunde im Sinne einer Pankreatitis sowie eine abnorm erhöhte Konzentration der caninen pankreasspezifischen Lipase im Serum (>400 μg/L) auffällig waren. Am Tag 4 erfolgte zudem eine sonographische Untersuchung des Abdomens. Somit basierte die Diagnosestellung einer Pankreatitis an diesem Tag auf dem Vorliegen von zwei der folgenden drei Kriterien: klinische Befunde im Sinne einer Pankreatitis, abnorm erhöhte Konzentration der caninen pankreasspezifischen Lipase im Serum, sonographische Hinweise für das Vorliegen einer Pankreatitis. Im Rahmen der statistischen Auswertung wurden zudem auch Patienten erfasst, welche in einem oder in mehreren der oben genannten Kriterien ein fragliches Ergebnis aufwiesen. Entsprechend ihrer neurologischen Ausfallserscheinungen sowie der Befunde im Rahmen der bildgebenden Diagnostik (Myelographie, Computertomographie, Kernspintomographie) wurden die Patienten in eine der folgenden drei Untersuchungsgruppen eingeteilt: 1. Hunde mit einem chirurgisch versorgten Bandscheibenvorfall (n = 71) 2. Hunde mit einem konservativ therapierten Bandscheibenvorfall (n = 20) und 3. Hunde mit einer akuten intramedullären Läsion (n = 15). Die statistische Auswerte erfolgte aufgrund der geringen Stichprobengrößen vorwiegend deskriptiv. Die Daten wurden mittels des Shapiro-Wilk-Tests auf Normalverteilung überprüft, die durchgeführten Gruppenvergleiche erfolgten unter Verwendung des Kruskal-Wallis und Mann-Whitney-U-Tests. Zudem wurden die betrachteten Merkmale mit dem Fisher Test und dem Chi-Quadrat-Test auf Unabhängigkeit überprüft. Das Signifikanzniveau wurde für alle Tests mit p < 0,05 festgelegt. Ergebnisse: Basierend auf den klinischen Symptomen und der Konzentration der caninen pankreasspezifischen Lipase im Serum konnte insgesamt am Tag 0 bei vier Hunden (3,8 %) eine Pankreatitis diagnostiziert werden. Am Tag 4 waren es, basierend auf den drei Kriterien, welche für die Diagnosestellung einer Pankreatitis herangezogen werden, insgesamt acht Patienten (7,5 %). Hunde mit einem Bandscheibenvorfall (chirurgisch beziehungsweise konservativ therapiert) wiesen am Tag 0 beziehungsweise Tag 4 in 4,3 % (n = 4) beziehungsweise 7,7 % (n = 7) der Fälle eine Pankreatitis auf. Aufgrund der geringen Häufigkeiten in den einzelnen Untersuchungsgruppen, war eine Berechnung eines signifikanten Unterschieds zwischen den Gruppen nicht möglich. Hinsichtlich einer möglichen Korrelation zwischen einer Narkose und der Entstehung einer Pankreatitis bei Hunden mit einer Rückenmarksläsion konnte kein signifikanter Zusammenhang festgestellt werden. Auch die Gabe von Glukokortikoiden und/oder nichtsteroidalen Antiphlogistika hatte hier keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Entstehung einer Pankreatitis. Schlussfolgerung: Vergleicht man die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie mit der in der Literatur angegebenen Prävalenz für akute Pankreatitiden beim Hund (0,7-3,5 %), so kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass eine Rückenmarksläsion, insbesondere ein Bandscheibenvorfall, als Risikofaktor für die Entstehung einer akuten Pankreatitis beim Hund in Betracht gezogen werden muss. Demgegenüber erhöhen weder die Narkose noch die Gabe von Glukokortikoiden und/oder nichtsteroidalen Antiphlogistika zusätzlich das Risiko der Entstehung einer Pankreatitis bei Hunden mit einer Rückenmarksläsion. / Objective: The suspicion that dogs with intervertebral disc disease are at greater risk of developing pancreatitis is being discussed in veterinary medicine since the early 1980s. So far no study has been published examining the correlation between intervertebral disk disease and the development of pancreatitis in dogs, especially in combination with general anaesthesia and anti-inflammatory medication (glucocorticoids and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). The aim of this study was therefore 1) to evaluate intervertebral disk disease as possible risk factor of pancreatitis and 2) to ascertain if general anaesthesia and the administration of glucocorticoids and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs further increase the risk of pancreatitis in dogs with intervertebral disk disease. Material and methods: One hundred and six dogs with symptoms associated with spinal cord injury were clinically examined over a period of five days. Special attention was payed to symptoms usually seen with pancreatitis such as anorexia, vomitus and abdominal pain. Furthermore the concentration of canine pancreatic lipase in the blood serum was measured with Spec cPL and Snap cPL at day 0 and day 4 after admission. At day 0 the diagnosis of pancreatitis was based on clinical symptoms associated with pancreatitis in combination with an increased concentration of canine pancreatic lipase in the blood serum (>400 μg/L). A sonography of the pancreas was performed at day 4 to evaluate the organ itself and the surrounding tissue for lesions associated with pancreatitis. Therefore the diagnosis of pancreatitis at day 4 was based on positive results in at least two of the three following criteria: symptoms associated with pancreatitis, elevation of the concentration of canine pancreatic lipase in the blood serum, sonographic changes of the pancreas parenchyma and the surrounding tissue associated with pancreatitis. For statistical analysis questionable results in one or more of these criteria were also documented. According to the neurologic symptoms and the findings of diagnostic imaging (myelography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging), dogs were categorized in one of the following groups: 1. dogs with surgically treated intervertebral disk disease (n = 71), 2. dogs with medically treated intervertebral disk disease (n = 20), 3. dogs with an acute intramedullary lesion (n = 15). Due to the small sample size, statistics were primarily performed descriptively. Data were tested for normal distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test. If Group comparisons were feasible, they were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney-U test. Fisher test and the Chi-Square test were used to test for association between group affiliation and possible risk factors for the development of pancreatitis. A value of P < 0.5 was considered significant for all analysis. Results: Based on clinical symptoms and an elevated concentration of the canine pancreatic lipase (> 400μg/l) at day 0, four dogs (3.8 %) were diagnosed with pancreatitis. According to the clinical symptoms, the concentration of the canine pancreatic lipase and sonographic changes, a total number of eight dogs (7.5 %) were diagnosed with pancreatitis at day 4. Considering only the dogs with intervertebral disk disease (surgically and medically treated) 4.3 % (n = 4) and 7.7 % (n = 7) were diagnosed with pancreatitis at day 0 and day 4, respectively. Due to the small sample size, the calculation of significant differences between the three subgroups was not feasible. There was no significant correlation between general anaesthesia and the development of pancreatitis. Furthermore, the administration of glucocorticoids and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is not significantly associated with the genesis of pancreatitis.
18

Autologe Zelltransplantation bei degenerativen Bandscheibenveränderungen an der Lendenwirbelsäule

Hohaus, Christian 03 April 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Degenerative Veränderungen der Lendenwirbelsäule beginnen bereits im Alter von unter 20 Jahren und betreffen vor allem die unteren 3 Bewegungssegmente. Die degenerativen Veränderungen an der Bandscheibe gehen mit einer Kalzifizierung der Grund- und Deckplatten der Wirbelkörper einher, was zu einer Reduktion der Nährstoffversorgung der Bandscheibe und damit zu einem Untergang der matrixbildenden Zellen und konsekutiv zu einem Flüssigkeitsverlust in der Bandscheibe führt. Als Folge nimmt die Belastung der Bandscheibe weiter ab. Die aktuellen Therapieoptionen umfassen sowohl die konservative als auch die operative Therapie, wobei allerdings nur die Folgen der Degeneration behandelt werden. Ziel einer Zelltransplantation ist es, der Bandscheibe wieder matrixbildende Zellen zur Verfügung zu stellen, damit die nutritiven Veränderungen auszugleichen und eventuell reversibel zu machen. Dieser Effekt konnte im Tierversuch nachgewiesen werden, woraufhin eine klinische Studie initiiert wurde. Im Rahmen der publizierten klinischen prospektiven, randomisierten Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Transplantation autologer Chondrozyten, die bei einer notwendigen operativen Therapie eines sequestrierten Bandscheibenvorfalls gewonnen wurden, einen sowohl klinisch als auch bildmorphologisch positiven Effekt auf die degenerierten Bandscheiben hat. Es kam zu einer signifikanten Reduktion der Schmerzsymptomatik und einer Steigerung der Lebensqualität in der Gruppe der transplantierten Patienten. Die Bandscheibenhöhe zeigt sich stabil über den Beobachtungszeitraum von 2 Jahren.
19

Tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico em cães com extrusão de disco intervertebral (Hansen tipo I) toracolombar / Clinical or surgical treatment in dogs with thoracolumbar disk extrusions

Chaves, Rafael Oliveira 26 January 2017 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The extrusion of the intervertebral disc is the most common cause of neurological disorders in dogs. Extrusion (Hansen type I) or protrusion (Hansen type II) of the disc may occur and consequent compression of the spinal cord and / or nerve roots. The objective of this thesis was, in a first step, to carry out a retrospective study for the epidemiological survey of the disease and to evaluate dogs in different degrees of neurological dysfunction after surgical decompression of the spinal cord. In article 1, of the 110 dogs with thoracolumbar DDIV submitted to surgical decompression, 74 (67.3%) improved clinical signs, 54 (49.1%) considered satisfactory and 20 (18.2%) were partially satisfactory. In article 2, of the 17 dogs with extrusion (Hansen type I) of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc without perception to deep pain (PDP) submitted to clinical treatment, nine (52.9%) presented satisfactory functional recovery, one (5.9%) satisfactory recovery without pain (Spinal walk) and seven (41.2%) were unsatisfactory. Of the 20 dogs submitted to surgical treatment, 10 (50%) presented satisfactory functional recovery, three (15%) satisfactory recovery without deep pain (spinal gait) and seven (35%) were unsatisfactory. There was no significant difference in functional recovery between dogs undergoing clinical or surgical treatment. In view of the results, the surgical treatment promotes a satisfactory functional recovery in the most of dogs with thoracolumbar disc extrusion, being the percentage of relapse in animals submitted to this type of therapy low. The functional clinical recovery in dogs with paraplegic thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion and without perception to deep pain over 48 hours can occur independently of the treatment instituted. Other studies are needed with more cases to reinforce the evidence found. / A extrusão do disco intervertebral é uma das causas mais comuns de alterações neurológicas em cães, sendo provocada pela degeneração do disco intervertebral. Pode ocorrer extrusão (Hansen tipo I) ou protrusão (Hansen tipo II) do disco e consequente compressão da medula espinhal e/ou raízes nervosas. O objetivo desta tese foi, em uma primeira etapa, realizar um estudo retrospectivo para levantamento epidemiológico da doença e avaliar clinicamente os cães submetidos a descompressão cirúrgica da medula espinhal em diferentes graus de disfunção neurológica. Na segunda etapa avaliou, mediante estudo prospectivo, a recuperação funcional de cães paraplégicos e sem percepção à dor profunda por mais de 48 horas em decorrência de extrusão de disco intervertebral toracolombar (Hansen tipo I) submetidos ao tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico. No artigo 1, dos 110 cães com DDIV toracolombar submetidos a descompressão cirúrgica, 74 (67,3%) tiveram melhora dos sinais clínicos, sendo 54 (49,1%) considerados satisfatórios e 20 (18,2%) parcialmente satisfatórios. No artigo 2, dos 17 cães com extrusão (Hansen tipo I) de disco intervertebral toracolombar sem percepção à dor profunda (PDP) submetidos ao tratamento clínico, nove (52,9%) apresentaram recuperação funcional satisfatória, um (5,9%) recuperação satisfatória sem dor profunda (andar espinhal) e sete (41,2%) insatisfatória. Já, dos 20 cães submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico, 10 (50%) apresentaram recuperação funcional satisfatória, três (15%) recuperação satisfatória sem dor profunda (andar espinhal) e sete (35%) insatisfatória. Não houve diferença significativa em relação a recuperação funcional entre em cães submetidos ao tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico. Diante dos resultados, o tratamento cirúrgico promove recuperação funcional satisfatória na maioria dos cães com extrusão de disco toracolombar, sendo baixo o percentual de recidiva em animais submetidos a este tipo de terapia. A recuperação clínica funcional em cães com extrusão de disco intervertebral toracolombar paraplégicos e sem percepção à dor profunda superior a 48 horas pode ocorrer independente do tratamento instituído. Outros estudos são necessários com maior número de casos para reforçar as evidências encontradas.
20

Régénération tissulaire en pathologie rachidienne et orthopédique / Cell therapy and tissue engineering in spinal degeneration and orthopaedics.

Flouzat Lachaniette, Charles-Henri 02 December 2015 (has links)
La dégénérescence discale lombaire (DDL) est caractérisée par un vieillissement prématuré du disque intervertébral (DIV) et une déshydratation progressive du nucleus pulposus (NP) entrainant in fine des lombalgies. L'objectif général de ce travail est d'établir des données précliniques afin de régénérer le DIV en cas de DDL modérée. Dans un premier chapitre, nous avons déterminé une association de facteur de croissance et un mode de culture visant à obtenir une prédifférentiation nucléopulpogénique de cellules stromales mésenchymateuses (CSMs) humaines issues de la moelle osseuse. Nos résultats montrent que la culture tridimensionnelle des CSMs en billes d'alginate en présence de TGF-β3, GDF-5 et BMP-7 les oriente vers un phénotype cartilagineux. Dans un deuxième chapitre, nous avons élaboré un modèle porcin de DDL induite par cryolésion et nous l'avons comparé aux techniques de référence. L'évaluation de l'importance de la DDL a été effectuée par scanner, IRM et histologiquement. Un score histologique de DDL porcine a été décrit et validé. La cryolésion a permis d'obtenir une DDL plus importante que les autres techniques. Dans un troisième chapitre, nous avons injecté les CSMs préorientées dans les DIV lésés. L'analyse IRM a montré une amélioration de l'intensité du signal et de la surface du NP après injection des cellules. L'analyse immunohistologique a montré une survie des CSMs dans les DIV porcins à 2 mois. Dans un quatrième chapitre, nous avons comparé les taux de fusion et de complication pour la RhBMP-2 et la greffe spongieuse autologue dans les arthrodèses lombaires par voie antérieure dans une même cohorte de patients. La RhBMP-2 était associée à un taux de fusion inférieur et un taux de complications radiologiques supérieur à l'autogreffe spongieuse. / Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is characterized by premature aging of the intervertebral disc (IVD) and gradual dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP), ultimately causing back pain. The general objective of this work is to establish preclinical data to regenerate the IVD in moderate DDD. In the first chapter, we have identified a growth factor association and a culture method to achieve nucleopulpogenic prédifférentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from human bone marrow. Our results show that the three-dimensional culture of MSCs in alginate beads in the presence of TGF-β3, GDF-5 and BMP-7 directs them to a cartilaginous phenotype. In the second chapter, we developed a porcine model of DDD, induced by cryoinjury, and compared it to reference techniques. Assessing the importance of DDD was performed by CT, MRI and histologically. A histological score of porcine DDD has been described and validated. Cryoinjury yielded a higher DDD that other techniques. In a third chapter, we injected preoriented MSCs in cryo-injured IVDs. MRI analysis showed an improvement in the signal intensity and the surface of the NP after the injection. The immunohistological analysis showed a survival of the MSCs in the porcine IVD 2 months after injection. In a fourth chapter, we compared the rate of fusion and complication for rhBMP-2 and autologous cancellous graft in the anterior lumbar interbody fusion, in the same cohort of patients. RhBMP-2 was associated with a lower fusion rate and a higher rate of radiological complications than the cancellous autograft.

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