Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Irene de Lima Freitas.pdf: 12331661 bytes, checksum: 98e3a0aaa0b640521f329bf8bea765c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims at discussing how the construction of the discourse concerning quotas in Brazil happens in the media, and how it is fits into the debate about exclusion/inclusion of the Negroes in the Brazilian society. Due to the vastness of the issue, the object of the study was chosen, taking into consideration, firstly, the year 2002, the period of most commotion in the media, relating to the discursive impact of exclusion, having as the background the issue of the quotas. During this year, a publication that systematically wrote about the subject was the magazine Caros Amigos. Thus, considering that the Legislative Assembly of the State of Rio de Janeiro instituted quotas of up to 40% for the access of the Negro and dark population to the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, based on Law number 3,708, dated 9 November 2011, the magazine was the one chosen to be analyzed, as from the editions published in the months of June to November 2002. Before the analysis in itself, and in order to fundament it historically, we searched for information about the antecedents of this policy called affirmative action aiming at understanding which elements helped to bring about the fact of such measures being taken up in Brazil. Secondly, we chose, in the total of editions selected, 5 articles, 6 letters from readers and 6 magazine covers, all dealing with the matter of quotas and we considered each one of them as verbal and/or verbo-visual utterances. We understand utterances as discursive practices that enable the study and understanding of their functioning as from the crisscrossing of the materiality of the language present in them, as well as the conditions of production, circulation and reception that serve as background. The basic theoretical and methodological perspective is the dialogical theory/analysis of discourse, as put forward in the works of M. Bakhtin and his Circle, especially in that it refers to the notions of verbal interaction, utterance and forms of presence in the discourse of the other. The social relevance of this research is due to the importance that the policy concerning quotas took on in the Brazilian society and also due to the fact that it explores the issue in a dialogic perspective, in other words, understanding interaction as the founding principle of language which articulates in specific historical, social and cultural contexts. It is also relevant to investigate verbal and verbo-visual texts/discourses considering a culture magazine, in this case, Caros Amigos. As a result of the study, it may be stated that the multiple voices and senses present in the texts that make up the corpus - magazine covers, articles, letters from readers - show that the magazine builds up its editorial positioning before the object of discourse, as from the value that interlocutors attribute to its construction; the polemic is part of the magazine editorial line of thought; the opposition between interlocutors determines the construction of the statements; while opening up space for discussions concerning different visions of the world, it contributes to social transformation; the dialogic analysis of the statements in the media contribute to a better understanding of the social nature of discourse as well as the subjects which are relevant to society, like the quota issue / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo discutir como se dá, na média, a construção do discurso sobre o sistema de cotas no Brasil e como ele se insere no debate sobre a exclusão/inclusão dos negros na sociedade brasileira. Dada à amplitude da questão, o objeto de estudo foi escolhido tendo em vista, primeiramente, o ano de 2002, período de efervescência, na média, do embate discursivo da exclusão, tendo como pano de fundo o tema das cotas. Nesse ano, um periódico que sistematicamente se ocupou do assunto foi a revista Caros Amigos. Assim, considerando que a Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro instituiu cotas de até 40% para as populações negras e perdas no acesso à Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e à Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, com base na Lei no 3.708, de 09 de novembro de 2001, a revista foi a escolhida para ser analisada a partir dos números veiculados nos meses de junho a novembro de 2002. Antes da análise propriamente dita, e para poder fundamentá-la historicamente, buscamos informações sobre os antecedentes dessa política denominada ação afirmativa, com o objetivo de entender que elementos colaboraram para que medidas nessa direção fossem sendo adotadas no Brasil. Em seguida, escolhemos, no universo dos números selecionados, 5 artigos, 6 cartas de leitores e 6 capas, conjunto voltado para a questão das cotas, e consideramos cada um deles como enunciados verbais e/ou verbo-visuais. Entendemos enunciados como práticas discursivas que possibilitam o estudo e a compreensão de seu funcionamento a partir do entrecruzar da materialidade da língua neles presente e das condições de produção, circulação e recepção que os abrigam. A perspectiva teórica e metodológica de base é a teoria/análise dialógica do discurso, conforme depreendida dos trabalhos de M. Bakhtin e do Circulo, especialmente no que se refere às noções de interação verbal, enunciado e formas de presença do discurso de outrem. A relevância social dessa pesquisa deve-se à importância que a política de cotas assumiu na sociedade brasileira e, também, ao fato de explorar o tema em perspectiva dialógica, ou seja, concebendo a interação como o principio fundador da linguagem que se articula em contextos históricos, sociais e culturais especificas. E relevante, ainda, investigar textos/discursos verbais e verbo-visuais, considerando uma revista de cultura, no caso, Caros Amigos. Como resultado do trabalho, podemos afirmar que: as múltiplas vozes e sentidos presentes nesses textos que compõe o corpus - capas, artigos, cartas de leitores demonstram que a revista constrói seu posicionamento editorial diante do objeto do discurso, a partir do valor que os interlocutores atribuem à sua construção; a polêmica é constitutiva da linha editorial da revista; os embates entre os interlocutores determinam a construção dos enunciados; ao abrir espaço para discussões de diferentes visões de mundo, e contribui para as transformações sociais; a análise dialógica de enunciados da média contribui para uma melhor compreensão da natureza social do discurso

出版於一九七七年的《鬼店》為史蒂芬‧金的第三部小說，探索的為恐怖文學裡其中一種刻畫，鬼故事。雪倫‧A‧拉塞爾給了一項令人信服的理由，何以她認為《鬼店》是一則鬼故事：「在鬼故事中，恐怖的來源來自於通常出沒某個特定地點的邪惡靈魂。」然而，《鬼店》不僅僅是一部單純的鬼故事小說，根據克萊爾‧韓森與史蒂文‧布拉姆的看法，《鬼店》是一宗可從精神分析角度切入的語言學習與退化案例。 在第一章「導論」裡，我提出本文論點：能否透過清楚說出與理解能力完成符徵(signifier)與符指(signified)的連結，決定了傑克與丹尼各自的命運。第二章「方法論」由我在本文中所用的方法構成，本章說明我如何運用席格蒙‧弗洛伊德的伊底帕斯情結(Oedipus Complex)、雅克‧拉岡的想像界(Imaginary Order)、象徵界(Symbolic Order)、實存 (The Real)、語言作為大他者的論述(Language as the Discourse of the Other)、縫合點(Points de Captions)。第三章欲探討的是傑克與丹尼的伊底帕斯情結，傑克的殞落可追溯至他的童年時期，丹尼的生存則可以他的現況加以分析。第四章「似乎他的生命全靠學習閱讀才得以維持」討論丹尼如何藉由語言學習，從想像界前進到象徵界並打破托倫斯家庭特有的父子關係循環，丹尼漸漸地學習如何連結符徵與符指，清楚地說出與理解這些符指及背後的符徵為丹尼鋪了一條歧異的路，透過這條路丹尼得以存活並成長。第五章「理性的蟄伏」將探討全景飯店如何藉由大他者/小他者的論述(The Discourse of the Other/ the other)誘惑傑克，也探討傑克的瘋狂如何藉由象徵界退化至想像界表現出來，我也會藉由瘋狂的其中一種症狀，不能掌握縫合點：越來越不能連結符徵與符指的情形闡述傑克如何變得偏執於並合理化自己的不當行為，例如殺掉他的妻兒。在第六章「結論」，我將簡述前面五章的要點，幫助讀者釐清本文的宗旨。 / The Shining (1977), Stephen King’s third novel, explores one of the horror genre’s characterizations, the ghost story. Sharon A. Russell gives a convincing reason why she considers The Shining a ghost story: “In the ghost story the origin of the horror comes from evil spirits who usually haunt a specific location.” However, The Shining is not merely a simplistic ghost story. According to Claire Hanson and Steven Bruhm, The Shining is a case of language acquisition and regression from a psycho-analytical perspective. In Chapter One, “Introduction,” I issue my thesis statement that aptitude for articulation and intelligence of the signification determines each of Jack’s and Danny’s destinies. Chapter Two, “Methodology,” consists of the methodology I employ in the analysis of The Shining. That is, how I apply Sigmund Freud’s and Jacques Lacan’s theories, Frued’s Oedipus complex, and Lacan’s three orders, language as the discourse of the Other, and points de caption to this study of The Shining. The exploration of the Oedipus complex for Jack and Danny is Chapter Three’s subject matter. Jack’s downfall can be traced back to his own childhood, and Danny’s survival can be studied in terms of the exploration of his own status quo. In Chapter Four, “As though His Life Depended on Learning to Read,” I discuss Danny’s progression from the imaginary order into the symbolic order and breaking away from “the wounded father-son cycle” (Davenport) in terms of his increasing acquirement of language. That is to say, Danny learns to decipher the signifiers and to make significations between the signifiers and the signifieds. Articulation and intelligence of such signifiers pave a divergent way for Danny as a survivor and an adult in the story.” In Chapter Five, “The Sleep of Reason,” I elaborate upon how the Overlook entrances Jack by means of the discourse of the Other/evil other and how Jack’s insanity can be manifested in terms of his regression from the symbolic order into the imaginary order. I will take advantage of one of the symptoms, failing in the grasp of points de captions, increasingly failing to catch the interdependent relationship between the signifier and the signified, to expound how Jack becomes paranoid and self-justified in his wrongdoing and misbehavior, such as to murder Danny and Wendy in conformity to the former caretaker’s indication. In Chapter Six, “Conclusion,” I summarize the previous points to help the readers further understand the thesis’ purpose.