Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Villanova University, 2006. / Political Science Dept. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Bremen, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 304-334).

Thesis (M.A.)--Baylor University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-141).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 361-380). Also available on the Internet.

This thesis examines the dynamic interplay of the shared legal, personal, and societal commitments of mustaftis (petitioners), and muftis at Cairo's Dar Al-Iftaa, the official fatwa council, where I observed 140 fatwa sessions mostly concerning marital disputes. It focuses on the role and impact of fatwas in preserving social and gender relations in a society with increased religious tendencies and dispositions, such as the Egyptian society. The thesis demonstrates that the study of iftaa within its institutionalized and interactive channels could effectively enhance our understanding of the process of legal interpretation in general, and the power dynamics of social/gender relations in particular. Therefore, the thesis attempts to develop a model for the study of fatwas that gives consideration to petitioners, as agencies of the law; muftis, as social and religious interpreters; and the structures of the society of which fatwas are issued, as an influential, yet influenced element. The thesis demonstrates that Dar Al-Iftaa provides Egyptians with an alternative to courts for religious, marital, and social counseling. It further demonstrates how Dar Al-Iftaa aims at preserving marriages, and, by extension, the societal and gender norms. During the society preservation attempts, muftis adapted to the social patriarchal assumptions that give each married partner privileges in correspondence to their gender position in the society. Hence, I pay closer attention to women's involvement in male-dominated spaces such as religious institutions to negotiate their marital relations and to challenge the hegemonic structures of their society.

En los últimos años, se ha dado un proceso de alejamiento de ciertos países sudamericanos del Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias relativas a Inversiones - CIADI, como son Venezuela, Bolivia y Ecuador, por diversos factores políticos y jurídicos. En ese contexto, la presente tesis identifica y analiza las combinaciones posibles que derivan de la posibilidad de denuncia de un Estado miembro al Convenio CIADI y que paralelamente denuncie o no a los Acuerdos Internacionales de Inversión que remiten al mencionado Centro como foro de solución de controversias, así como la terminación de tratados a partir de esta doble pertenencia al Convenio CIADI y a los Tratados Bilaterales de Inversión, entre otros, todo ello, con la finalidad de determinar los efectos jurídicos y desarrollar una postura crítica frente a estos sucesos sin precedente que se vienen dando, tratando de desarrollar alternativas distintas al CIADI, tanto a nivel mundial, como regional, en virtud, que a pesar, de las denuncias al Convenio CIADI y a los tratados de inversión que remiten las controversias a este Centro, es viable su remisión, debido a la existencia de cláusulas de supervivencia, acuerdos de las partes, mecanismos complementarios existentes y la cláusula de la Nación más Favorecida - NMF, conforme acontece en los casos arbitrales estudiados, donde los Tribunales Arbitrales del CIADI al amparo del principio Kompetenz – Kompetenz han declarado su competencia, generando una serie de interrogantes respecto al futuro del Arbitraje Internacional de Inversiones en el CIADI y creando precedentes para estudios futuros debido a lo novísimo del tema. / Tesis

Construction claims are considered by many project participants as one of the most disruptive and unpleasant events of a project (Ho & Liu, 2004). Researchers like Kumaraswamy (1996) argue that claims managers should focus not merely on the significant claims categories but also on the avoidable ones, to minimize the damaging effects on a given project. It becomes apparent that the causes underlying different claims categories have to be identified so that controllability and avoidability may be established. This research examines the issues by looking at the construction industry in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the second largest single industry after oil and gas sector, where claims and disputes are a major problem in the country. 51 leading construction participants including clients, consultants and contractors alike in the UAE were sampled for the study. The analytical results of the survey were further examined, compared and validated via the analysis of the data collected from 45 construction projects. The main findings of the first phase of study lead to the establishment of an index system called Claim Focus Index (CFI) that further establishes the finding of the 16 most significant types of claims and disputes in the UAE. The study continues to examine the underlying causes of the most significant types of claims and disputes and has identified unique sets of the root causes specific to each significant type of claims and disputes. These shall establish the basis to formulate strategies to focus on avoidability and minimization of claims and disputes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how family law secretaries in Sweden works with fulfilling the best interests of the child in collaboration talks and how they get children involved in the process. I have performed five semi-constructed interviews with family law secretaries from different municipalities. In order to achieve broader answers to my questions I have chosen to use a qualitative method. This method was also chosen to enable the possibility of follow-up questions. I gathered data from previous research in this area by searching after these keywords; child’s best, collaboration talk, custody, family law, children’s participation in investigations. The collected data was then analyzed with three different theories; Michael Lipsky’s theory about grass root bureaucrats, Svensson, Johansson & Laanemets’ theory about the social worker role and Roger Hart’s participation model.  The participants that were interviewed all stated that it was difficult to fulfill the child’s best as it is an open concept that can be interpreted differently depending on the secretary’s individual knowledge and scope. Among the participants there were some of them that had deeper knowledge concerning the principle of the child’s best. This knowledge had been achieved through further education which ensures higher certainty that the child’s best has been fulfilled, but also raises awareness on when participation of the child in collaboration talk is possible. For those secretaries that are lacking this deeper knowledge in this principle agree that there are difficulties to ensure that the child’s best has been fulfilled. Because of the difference in knowledge there were variances in deciding when it was possible for a child to participate in the collaboration talk. Some of the secretaries thought that it was important to get the children involved in collaboration talks, but some thought that collaboration talks were not a platform for small children to participate in. This means that children are encountered in different ways depending on which family law secretary they meet and in what municipality the collaboration talk is held in.

Enligt 17:11 Rättegångsbalken (1942:740) gäller att en dom har rättskraft, vilket bland annat medför att samma sak inte kan tas upp och prövas av rätten igen (res judicata). Givet den negativa rättskraftens betydelsefulla rättsliga verkan och dess breda prekluderande effekt, ställer jag mig frågan om det är möjligt för parterna i dispositiva tvistemål att avtala om rättskraftens verkningar.