Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-13T18:40:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 valterpaulonevesmiranda.pdf: 1092929 bytes, checksum: 6e1c91661f07cbbd1520ecad867a2b2b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-14T10:35:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 valterpaulonevesmiranda.pdf: 1092929 bytes, checksum: 6e1c91661f07cbbd1520ecad867a2b2b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T10:35:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 valterpaulonevesmiranda.pdf: 1092929 bytes, checksum: 6e1c91661f07cbbd1520ecad867a2b2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Devido às mudanças físicas e psicossociais que ocorrem na adolescência, muitos jovens podem sofrer insatisfação com sua imagem corporal, influenciada por fatores biológicos e socioculturais. Por isso, este estudo buscou analisar a incidência de insatisfação corporal de adolescentes que vivem em cidades de pequeno porte, bem como a influência da idade, do sexo e do estado nutricional na insatisfação com o corpo. Realizou-se uma pesquisa epidemiológica do tipo transversal com escolares de 15 a 19 anos, moradores de cidades com até 5.000 habitantes, localizadas na Zona da Mata mineira, em um raio de 70 km de Juiz de Fora, MG. Foram encontradas 9 cidades com 1.015 alunos matriculados no ensino médio, em 4 cidades, selecionadas de forma aleatória simples. Em cada uma, foi feito um censo com todos os alunos elegíveis para se alcançar um número de jovens relevante, sendo a amostra composta por 413 escolares. A insatisfação corporal foi avaliada pelo Body Shape Questionnaire e pela Escala Evaluacíon de Insatisfacíon Corporal para Adolescentes, ambos validados para a população adolescente brasileira. A idade, o sexo e o estado nutricional foram as variáveis independentes selecionadas para verificar a relação dos escolares com a insatisfação corporal. Foi usado o software SPSS v.17.0 para fazer análise descritiva das variáveis e os testes estatísticos para verificar a relação das variáveis biológicas com a insatisfação corporal, usando nível de significância de 5%. O teste de normalidade de Komolgorov Smirnov, o teste de variância de Kruskall-Wallis com post hoc Bonferroni e o teste de Mann-Whitney foram usados para analisar a relação das variáveis independentes com a insatisfação corporal. A média de idade foi de 16,6±1,4 anos, sendo 178 do sexo masculino (41,3%) e 235 do sexo feminino (56,9%). A maioria dos adolescentes, 71,9%, foi classificada com índice de Massa Corporal normal. As médias gerais de insatisfação corporal foram 66,78±29,63 pontos no Body Shape Questionnaire, sendo que 73,6% dos adolescentes mostraram-se livres de insatisfação Corporal pela análise desse instrumento. Já a Escala de Avaliação da Insatisfação corporal para Adolescentes obteve 17,96±11,74 pontos de média de insatisfação. Nas cidades pesquisadas, houve diferença significativa de insatisfação (p<0,05) e observou-se que as meninas estavam, significativamente, mais insatisfeitas que os meninos. Os jovens que apresentaram IMC acima do normal estavam mais insatisfeitos. Concluiu-se que a insatisfação não teve alta incidência entre os adolescentes das cidades pequenas pesquisadas, contudo percebeu-se que algumas variáveis, como o estado nutricional e o sexo, são fatores que contribuem para insatisfação corporal. Estudos epidemiológicos são importantes para avaliar a relação da imagem corporal com a insatisfação corporal entre os adolescentes de regiões com contextos sociodemográficos diferentes. Além disso, servem para detectar quais são os principais fatores que influenciam no aumento da insatisfação dos jovens com o próprio corpo. / Due to the physical and psychosocial changes that occur on the adolescence, a lot of young boys and girls can suffer dissatisfaction with their body image that can be caused by biological and sociocultural factors. Thus, this study sought analyze the incidence of teenagers body dissatisfaction specially whose that live in small cities and the influence of other factors like these: age, sex and nutritional state on this dissatisfaction with the body. An transversal epidemiological research was donne with students among 15 to 19 years old that live on cities with until 5.000 inhabitants located in the mineira Zona da Mata , around the 70 Km the Juiz de Fora city, Minas Gerais. According to the informations, nine cities were found with 1.015 matriculated students on medium degree. Four cities were selected on the simple aleatory form. In each one, an census was donne with all the elegible students trying to reach a relevant number of youthes compounding a pattern with 413 students. The body dissatisfaction was evaluated by the Body Shape Questionnaire and by Escala Evaliacíon de Insatisfaíon Corporal para Adolescentes, both made valid to the brazilian teenagers population. The age, the sex and the nutritional state were the independent variances selected to verify the students relation with the body dissatisfaction. A software SPSS v.17.0 was used to make the variances descriptive analysis and the statistics tests to verify the biological variances relation with the body dissatisfaction by using the significance level of 5%. The Komolgorov Smimov test; the Kruskall-Wallis test with post hoc Bonferroni and Mann-Whitney test were utilized to evaluate the dissatisfaction among the young people that live in small cities selected with independents variables. The age average was 16,6 ± 1,4 years old, 178 males (41,3%) and 235 females (56,9%). The majority of the teenagers, 71,9%, was classified with normal Body mass index. The general averages of the Body Shape Questionnaire was 66,78 ± 29,63 with classification 73,6% of adolescents considered points themselves free of corporal dissatisfaction. The EEICA‟s score was 17,96 ± 11,74 points, however, this scale can‟t dissatisfaction classification. Among the researched cities, there was a significant dissatisfaction difference (p< 0,05) an it was observed that the girls were more dissatisfaction than the boys. It was also noticed that the students with body mass index above average were more dissatisfation. It was conclude that the dissatisfaction didn‟t have great incidence among the teenagers in the researched small cities. However, it was perceived that some variances, as the nutritional state and sex are factors that contribute to the body dissatisfaction. Epidemiologic studies, like this research, are important to evaluate the corporal image relation with body dissatisfaction among the teenagers of the regions with different sociodemographical contexts. Besides, they serve to detect which are the principal factors that influence on the increase of the youth‟s dissatisfaction with own body.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-22T10:35:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gilmarajaqueschaves.pdf: 1761470 bytes, checksum: f4673b60f6e22822f7c804429925379d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-22T17:17:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gilmarajaqueschaves.pdf: 1761470 bytes, checksum: f4673b60f6e22822f7c804429925379d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T17:17:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gilmarajaqueschaves.pdf: 1761470 bytes, checksum: f4673b60f6e22822f7c804429925379d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo deste trabalho exploratório foi investigar a prevalência de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica, Síndrome Depressiva, Síndrome Ansiosa e Insatisfação corporal, bem como verificar suas possíveis associações entre si, ao consumo de psicoativos, a outras variáveis sócio-demográficas e comportamentais entre 1.590 universitários do 1º e 7º períodos de todos os cursos de graduação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. O questionário aplicado na pesquisa foi semiestruturado, autoaplicável, anônimo, sigiloso, contendo variáveis diversas — estudantis, demográficas, sociais, pessoais, relativas à sexualidade, comportamentais ligadas ao uso de psicoativos, estéticas, de tratamento médico, massa corporal, bem como resultados de rastreamento para compulsão alimentar periódica, depressão, ansiedade e insatisfação corporal. Foram efetivadas análises exploratórias, bivariadas e, para caracterizar o peso relativo das variáveis estudadas sobre os desfechos analisados, utilizou-se a regressão logística. Os resultados indicaram que, dentre os estudantes avaliados, foi positivamente identificado pelos instrumentos de rastreamento que: 8,2% apresentavam compulsão alimentar periódica; 3,8%, depressão; 13,9%, ansiedade e 10,1%, insatisfação corporal. Nos modelos de regressão logística desenvolvidos, observou-se que as escalas de compulsão alimentar periódica e de ansiedade associaram-se significantemente à presença de depressão e de insatisfação corporal. As escalas de depressão e de insatisfação corporal associaram-se à presença de compulsão alimentar periódica e de ansiedade. Os universitários com Índice de Massa Corporal elevado tiveram maior probabilidade de apresentar compulsão alimentar periódica e insatisfação corporal e, os que usaram psicoativos sob prescrição médica, de desenvolver compulsão alimentar periódica e depressão. As mulheres foram vulneráveis aos quadros de ansiedade e de insatisfação corporal e, aqueles que mencionaram sentir-se nunca ou raramente felizes, aos de depressão e de ansiedade. Universitários que relataram fazer tratamento para alguma doença crônica e com renda familiar de até 10 salários mínimos apresentaram maiores chances de ter ansiedade e, os possíveis dependentes alcoólicos, de ter depressão. Finalmente, os que mencionaram ser o abdome a parte do corpo de que menos gostavam, que tinham vontade de fazer cirurgia plástica e que cursavam disciplinas da saúde foram suscetíveis à insatisfação corporal. / The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the prevalence of Binge Eating, Depressive Syndrome, Anxiety Syndrome and Body dissatisfaction as well as to verify their possible associations within these different disorders, with the use of psychoactive drugs and with other socio-demographic and behavioral variables among 1,590 college students attending the 1st and 7th semesters of all undergraduate courses at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora. The questionnaire applied for this research was semi-structured, self-applied, anonymous, confidential, containing several variables — related to student life style, demographic, social, personal, sexuality, related behaviorally to the use of psychoactive drugs, aesthetic, related to medical treatment, body mass/weight, as well as to traced results for Binge Eating, Depressive Syndrome, Anxiety Syndrome and Body image dissatisfaction. Exploratory bivariate analyzes were executed and logistic regression was used to characterize the relative weight of the studied variables over the analyzed outcomes. Among the students evaluated, it was indicated that the following results were positively identified through the tracing instruments utilized: 8.2% presented Binge Eating; 3.8% presented Depression; 13.9% presented Anxiety and 10.1% presented Body dissatisfaction. In the logistic regression models developed it was observed that the levels of Binge Eating and anxiety were associated to the presence of depression and body dissatisfaction. The levels of depression and body dissatisfaction were associated to the presence of Binge Eating and anxiety. The students with elevated body mass indexes were more likely to present Binge Eating and body dissatisfaction and the ones taking psychoactive prescription drugs were more likely to develop Binge Eating and depression. Female students were vulnerable to present anxiety and body dissatisfaction and the students who reported rarely or never feeling happy were prone to present depression and anxiety. College students that reported being under treatment for any chronic diseases and placed in the monthly income bracket of up to 10 minimum wages showed higher likelihood to display anxiety as well as the presence of alcoholism and depression among their children. Finally, the students that reported dissatisfaction with their bodies, particularly with their midsection, the desire to undergo plastic surgery and were taking health related courses were more susceptible to body dissatisfaction.

American culture supports a colorist system that values lighter skin tones in women of color, and these norms are communicated in some part by images present in our society. Previous research has not explored the impact that colorist images may have on the psychological health and appearance concerns of women of color. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether exposure to images of Black women who more closely meet colorist beauty standards (i.e., lighter skin) would negatively impact women’s psychological health and general appearance concerns. It was hypothesized that participants exposed to colorist images of Black women would experience greater increased negative affect, skin tone dissatisfaction, and appearance concerns; and greater decreased self-esteem. It was hypothesized that these relationships would be weaker in Black women who self-identify more closely with their ethnic background. It was further hypothesized that these relationships would be stronger in women with higher levels of internalization, poorer satisfaction with their skin tone, darker skin tones, greater desire for lighter skin, and lower trait levels of self-esteem. Results suggest images of Black women with varying skin tones do not impact the appearance concerns, negative affect, or self-esteem of Black women exposed to such images. However, trait self-esteem, self- identification with Black values, skin tone dissatisfaction and desired skin tone were found to moderate these relationships. This study makes an important contribution to the area of appearance and body image concerns specific to women of color. The dissemination of this research may contribute to the improvement of body dissatisfaction constructs specific to women of color.

The study intends to examine how the media conditions have created opportunities for travel agencies to convey an embellished picture of their travel destinations, but also opportunities för there customers to participate in the debate when they are dissatisfied. The travel agencies concerned are Ving, Apollo and TUI. The theoretical framework explains how media platforms come closer and create opportunities for greater participation among audiences. To highlight the unrealistic material, hyper-reality is discussed and there are also discussions about how travel operators only intends to satisfy their customers needs. There has been a quantitative approach to the travel agencies' Facebook pages where dissatisfied posts have been analyzed following a code schedule. The result has shown that the aspects of their travels they were most dissatisfied with were the service, the transportation, the destination and the website/application. The conclusion of the study has been that the media conditions are to blame for the expectations of their destinations becoming too high. The travel agencies embellished material creates conditions for increased sales, but as customers get more space to express their dissatisfaction, travel agencies have a lot to lose.  It also creates an understanding of how the media, with their prerequisites, reflect the needs of the public and that expectations are based on both marketing and own assumptions.

Childhood obesity is a serious health problem and prevalence increases dramatically around the world, including Sweden. The aim of the current thesis was to examine parents’ and children’s stress in relation to childhood obesity. Parenting stress, social support, parental worries, and serious life events, as well as children’s temperament, self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, saliva cortisol, weight and height were measured to estimate stress and the relation between stress and childhood obesity. Data was collected as part of the cohort project All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) which main aim is to understand the causes of Type 1 Diabetes. All 21700 children born between October 1997 and October 1999 in Southeast Sweden and their parents were invited to participate and questionnaires were completed for 16070 children at birth. Questionnaires were then collected at follow-ups at 1 year (N=11078), at 2-3 years (N=8803), at 5-6 years (N=7443), and at 8 years (N=3959). The main findings were a relation between parents’ psychological stress and lower self-esteem of children, a relation between parenting stress and higher cortisol levels of children, and a relation between children’s body dissatisfaction and lower self-esteem. Another main finding was a relation between cumulative psychological stress and an increased prevalence of childhood obesity. The current thesis summarized these results, found good validity of the instruments, and the analyses did not indicate any systematic attrition due to stress. It is concluded that the psychological variables reported by parents can be used as proxies for children’s experience of stress in epidemiological studies such as ABIS, and that psychological stress seems to be a contributing factor in childhood obesity. This relation needs to be studied further in order to better understand and intervene in the current epidemic of childhood obesity. These findings may also help to better examine if psychological stress and childhood obesity are contributing factors in the etiology of Type 1 Diabetes. / Alla Barn i Sydöstra Sverige - ABIS

In this study, three lines of consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction and complaint behaviour research were integrated, namely the expectancy disconfirmation model (Churchill&Suprenant, 1982; Bearden&Teel, 1983) (satisfaction/dissatisfaction research), Weiner’s (1986) causal dimensions (attribution theory), and Day and Landon’s (1977) taxonomy of complaint behaviour Traditional thinking concerning the disconfirmation of expectations only recognises a direct link from disconfirmation to satisfaction/dissatisfaction. However, evidence suggests that the disconfirmation of expectations acts as an important causal agent for generating attributional processing. In a consumer behaviour context, the performance failure of major household appliances often brings about a causal search. Consumers' affective reactions (generated by their causal attributions and the underlying properties of locus, stability and controllability) and their expectations for future product failure were found to determine their complaint behaviour The unit of analysis for this study was consumers who had recently purchased major household appliances (within the prior four-year period) and who could recall an unsatisfactory experience concerning the performance of such appliance. Attributes for the demographic variables were: gender, age, level of education, level of income and culture. A convenience sampling technique was employed, with 216 respondents having completed a self-administered questionnaire. This study showed that consumers’ complaint behaviour concerning dissatisfactory major household appliances was directed by a combination of functional and symbolic performance failures. A profile of complainers engaging in private versus public complaint action in terms of differences in gender, age and level of education could not be determined. However, respondents’ race and household monthly income were important factors in their complaint behaviour. Relatively fewer formal complaints (i.e. complaints to retailers or manufacturers) were made than one would expect, based on the expressed levels of dissatisfaction. A large number of respondents engaged in a variety of “hidden” or indirect complaint activities such as adverse word-of-mouth marketing, boycotting the retailer and switching brands. The majority of the respondents avoided more formal complaint actions such as contacting a consumer protection organisation/department or writing a letter – activities which would require more effort and inconvenience. Irrespective of respondents' taking complaint action or not, they attributed the causes for product failure to the manufacturer, retailer or some outside agent in the situation. However, they seemed undecided about the stability and controllability dimensions for the causes of product failure in terms of their complaint action. Anger was a significant predictor of negative word-of-mouth. Deciding whether to take action or not appeared to be determined by consumers' perception of the severity of the product problem. Researchers can gain valuable insights into the reasons for consumers’ specific complaint behaviour by looking at the coping strategies (in terms of the related behaviours and cognitions) that consumers employ to reduce the stress caused by product failures. This study clearly has practical implications for manufacturers, retailers and policy makers. / Thesis (PhD (Interior Merchandise Management))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Consumer Science / unrestricted

Given the centrality of body dissatisfaction in the manifestation of health risk behaviors (e.g., eating disorders, muscle dysmorphia) and psychological distress in men, the ability to measure it accurately is essential. Across two studies, the psychometric properties and factor structure of a new measure of male body satisfaction were established. The Body Parts Satisfaction Scale for Men (BPSS-M) was found to have three scores: full body muscularity and leanness (18 items), upper body (12 items), and legs (4 items). All three scores were internally and temporally reliable, and support was found for the convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity of the scores. The BPSS-M represents an advance in the measurement of male body image, providing researchers and clinicians with a versatile and valid way to assess this important construct.

La littérature sur les troubles de l’image du corps et l’alimentation a longtemps mis l’accent sur l’idéal de minceur et la population féminine. Cependant les hommes sont de plus en plus concernés par les préoccupations corporelles. Malgré le nombre croissant de travaux internationaux sur les troubles de l’image du corps et de l’alimentation dans la population masculine, les données françaises sont encore très restreintes. Ce travail à pour objectif d’étudier l’insatisfaction corporelle, l’insatisfaction musculaire et les troubles alimentaires chez les jeunes hommes français.Etude 1 – Objectif : Valider la version française du Body Esteem Scale (BES) chez les jeunes hommes. Un échantillon de 382 jeunes hommes a complété le Body Esteem Scale et le Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. L’analyse factorielle confirmatoire n’a pas révélé une qualité d’ajustement satisfaisante du modèle original à trois facteurs (Apparence, Poids, Attribution). L’analyse factorielle exploratoire a mis en évidence quatre facteurs, le facteur Apparence, le facteur Désir de Changement, le facteur Poids et le facteur Sentiments. Les implications du BES paraissent intéressantes afin de disposer d’un outil d’évaluation de l’estime corporelle masculine approprié, permettant de prendre en compte les relations entre l’estime corporelle négative et la psychopathologie.Etude 2 – Objectifs : Etudier (1) les relations entre l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et l’estime corporelle, (2) le rôle prédictif des médias, des moqueries, de l’estime de soi et de la symptomatologie dépressive sur l’estime corporelle, (3) l’influence de l’estime corporelle sur la gêne corporelle durant les relations sexuelles, (4) la présence de troubles alimentaires chez les hommes et les facteurs de risque. Les questionnaires ont été complétés par un échantillon de 452 jeunes hommes. Les résultats indiquent que (1) la satisfaction envers le poids est la seule dimension liée à l’IMC, (2) les moqueries envers le poids, les pressions médiatiques, l’estime de soi et la dépression sont des prédicteurs significatifs de l’estime corporelle, (3) l’anxiété ressentie à l’égard du corps durant les rapports sexuels est liée à l’estime corporelle, (4) les sentiments envers le corps, l’estime de soi, les moqueries envers le surpoids et les informations diffusées par les médias sont des prédicteurs significatifs des troubles alimentaires. Cette étude montre la nécessité d’évaluer les différentes dimensions de l’insatisfaction corporelle, afin d’avoir une vision globale des troubles de l’image du corps et de l’alimentation spécifiques à la population masculine.Etude 3 – Objectif : Explorer les relations entre l’insatisfaction musculaire, les influences socioculturelles, l’estime de soi, la symptomatologie dépressive et les troubles alimentaires. Un échantillon de 335 jeunes hommes normopondérés a complété des questionnaires évaluant l’influence des médias, la fréquence des moqueries, l’estime de soi, la dépression et les troubles alimentaires. Les résultats indiquent que 84 % des participants sont insatisfaits musculairement. L’indice de masse corporelle est corrélé négativement à l’insatisfaction musculaire. Les liens existant entre l’insatisfaction musculaire, les facteurs socioculturels et individuels sont relativement faibles, suggérant que ces facteurs sont davantage liés à l’estime corporelle. L’insatisfaction musculaire n’est pas plus importante chez les participants présentant un trouble alimentaire probable. Ces résultats évoquent la possibilité que l’insatisfaction corporelle et l’insatisfaction musculaire concernent des dimensions différentes des troubles de l’image du corps.En conclusion : Les résultats de ces trois études participent à la compréhension des troubles de l’image du corps et de l’alimentation dans la population masculine française, et soulignent l’intérêt de poursuivre des recherches afin d’avoir une meilleure connaissance des facteurs qui contribuent à leur développement. / Historically, the emphasis in body image and eating disorders literature has been on women and thinness. However, men are increasingly struggling with body image concerns. Despite a growing interest in male body dissatisfaction and eating disorders, there is a lack of French studies on this subject. The present research, including three separate studies, aims to investigate body dissatisfaction, muscle dissatisfaction and eating disorders in French young men.Study 1 – Objective: To validate the French version of the Body Esteem Scale (BES) in a sample of French young men. A sample of 382 young men completed the Body Esteem Scale and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. The goodness-of-fit of the three factors model (Appearance, Weight, Attribution) was unsatisfactory. Exploratory factorial analysis yielded four factors (Appearance, Desire of change, Weight, Feelings). BES seems interesting for assessing male body esteem and taking into consideration the relationship between negative body esteem and psychopathology.Study 2 – Objective: To investigate (1) relationships between body mass index (BMI) and body esteem, (2) the relative contributions of media influence, weight-related teasing, self-esteem and depression to body esteem (3) the influence of negative body esteem on physical self-consciousness during sexual relations, (4) the rate of eating disorders and to determine possible risk factors. Questionnaires were completed by 452 young men. Results revealed that (1) BMI seemed to be only related to weight satisfaction (2) weight-related teasing, media pressure, self-esteem and depression were significant predictors of body esteem, (3) there was an association between physical self-consciousness during sexual relations and body esteem, (4) feelings about appearance and weight, self-esteem, overweight-related teasing and media information were significant predictors of eating disorders. This study emphasize the importance of taking into account different dimensions of body esteem for having a more global view of body image and eating disorders in men.Study 3 – Objective: To examine the relationships between muscle dissatisfaction, sociocultural influences, self-esteem, depression and eating disorders. A sample of 335 normal-weighted young men completed questionnaires assessing media influences, weight-related teasing, self-esteem, depression and eating disorders. Muscle dissatisfaction was reported by 84 % of participants. A negative correlation was found between body mass index and muscle dissatisfaction. Sociocultural and individual factors were weakly associated with muscle dissatisfaction, suggesting that these factors were more strongly associated with body esteem. No difference was found for muscle dissatisfaction between participants with and without eating disorders. Results suggest that body dissatisfaction and muscle dissatisfaction are distinct dimensions of body image disorders.Conclusion: The concluding results contribute to the understanding of body image and eating disorders in men, and highlight the importance of obtaining a more precise idea of the factors that play a role in their development.

Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors are significant public health concerns, especially among college-age women. Despite extensive research, the complex nature of disordered eating and its etiology has prevented a satisfactory predictive model from being developed and validated and has therefore hindered the development of effective prevention and intervention strategies. This study aimed to integrate four of the most common etiological theories into a model to predict disordered eating behaviors. Bivariate correlations and moderation analyses were conducted to determine the strength of relationships between variables and to determine whether a protective factor (i.e., self-compassion) moderates the effects of risk factors (i.e., media exposure, thin-ideal internalization, negative affect) on body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and bulimic behaviors. Results indicated that there were correlations between negative affect, thin-ideal internalization, and disordered eating behaviors. Contrary to hypotheses, media exposure had significant relationships with both bulimia and body dissatisfaction but was not significantly associated with thin-ideal internalization. Broadly, negative affect and thin-ideal internalization predicted disordered eating behaviors. Finally, self-compassion did not emerge as a consistent moderator of the relationship between the three risk factors and disordered eating behaviors – except with drive for thinness. Findings have potential implications for mental and physical healthcare interventions to reduce symptom experiences and increase well-being.

Syftet med den aktuella studien var att undersöka kvinnliga tränings- och tävlingsaktiva crossfit-atleters upplevelser, tankar och känslor till kroppsuppfattning och kroppsideal relaterat till sporten och tävling. I studien användes en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Deltagarna i studien var åtta kvinnliga tävlingsaktiva crossfit- atleter från Sverige i åldrarna 21-46 år (M=31.5, SD=8.76). Intervjuerna varade mellan 45-60 minuter och analyserades utifrån Braun et al. (2016) tematiska analys där huvudteman och underteman togs fram. I resultatet framkom det att deltagarna främst upplevde positiva tankar och känslor till sin egen kropp vilket kan bidra till en positiv kroppsuppfattning. Deltagarna i den aktuella studien ansåg den idrottsliga prestationen viktigare än att sträva efter ett visst utseendeideal. Vidare framkom det i resultatet att negativa känslor och tankar kunde uppstå gällande utseendeideal som framställs enligt samhällsnormer, där bland annat sociala medier upplevdes påverka atleterna negativt.  Resultatet kan vara intressant för coacher inom Crossfit, boxägare, andra utövare samt forskare för att öka kompetensen för kroppsideal och kroppsuppfattning inom träningskulturen som Crossfit ingår i. / The aim of the study was to investigate competitively active female Crossfit athletes and their experience, thoughts and feelings towards body image and body ideals related to the sport and competition. In the study, a qualitative research methodology with semi-structured interviews was used. The participants in the study were eight competitively active female Crossfit athletes from Sweden in the ages 21-46 years (M=31.5, SD=8.76). The interviews lasted between 45-60 minutes and were analysed based on Braun et al. (2016) thematic analysis, where main themes and sub-themes were created. The result showed that the participants mainly experienced positive thoughts and feelings about their own body which can contribute to a positive body image. The participants in the current study considered athletic performance as more important than striving to a specific ideal. Furthermore the result showed that negative thoughts and feelings could appear regarding body ideals that are being represented in the society, where social media, which was pointed out, could have a negative effect on the participants.  By increasing the competence regarding body image and body ideals in the Crossfit training culture, the result can be interesting for Crossfit coaches, owners of the boxes, other practitioners and researchers.