Orientador: Reginaldo Guirardello, Demetrio Bastos Netto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T08:23:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MendoncaFilho_LetivanGoncalvesde_D.pdf: 5427915 bytes, checksum: 7869e5fa656a6b2cc31cdebb6074d24c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este trabalho utiliza o conhecimento científico relativo a explosões e efeitos associados para sugerir distâncias de segurança para proteção de edificações nas proximidades de explosivos e atmosferas inflamáveis, para aplicação nas áreas civil e militar. Através da análise de um inquérito de um acidente ocorrido em 1964 foi possível relacionar as duas metodologias utilizadas para estabelecer as distâncias atuais de segurança para habitações. Verificou-se algumas falhas em um dos trabalhos originais e com a correção proposta foram apresentadas novas equações relacionando massa de explosivo, distância e o custo de reparos para residências. Avaliou-se as distâncias de segurança adotadas no Brasil por meio de diversas correlações estatísticas. Foi realizado um estudo experimental consistindo na montagem e posicionamento de uma carga de explosivo em frente a uma edificação, a uma distancia variável de uma vidraça fixa. Com base neste estudo foram identificados diversos aspectos referentes à fragmentação de vidraças como: Relação entre espessura, impulso e velocidade de fragmentos. Novas distâncias de segurança foram propostas considerando uma diferenciação em relação ao tipo de estabelecimento, uso de taludes e o equivalente TNT da massa de explosivo. Uma alternativa de armazenagem é mostrada baseada no conceito de separação em compartimentos dos materiais explosivos para adequar os valores de distância de segurança praticados com os valores idealizados. No caso de explosões gasosas, tratou-se um caso real envolvendo uma explosão em um navio de transporte de material inflamável. Com base neste estudo foram propostas novas distâncias de segurança para atmosferas explosivas, usando o método multi-energético e o conhecimento da relação entre danos e sobrepressão desenvolvidos / Abstract: This work uses the original military scientific know how on explosions and its effects to suggest safety distances to cases dealing with explosives and inflammable atmospheres. Considering the information contained in an investigation of an accident which took place in 1964 in a production line of gunpowder at the "Fabrica Presidente Vargas",in the city of Piquete, São Paulo, it was possible to relate and review the two main techniques used as the basis of the actual safety distances in inhabited building in USA and Europe. Based on this study it was suggested some corrections at the american technique. With the correction it was possible to suggest two probit equations relating distance, weight of explosives and the repair costs to brick and wood houses. As the American analysis to determinate the safety distances was based on a patrimonial criterion and we were interested in establishing a criterion centered in the human being, severa I statistical correlations were employed to evaluate the effect of explosions on the human being, considering the safety distances of the Brazilian legislation. Due to the relevance of the risks associated with the glass hazards generated in window breakage by . overpressure an experimental study was performed. The experiment consisted in blasting explosive charge close to window so that the initial velocity was measured using a laser system with an electronic chronometer. The overpressure generated by the blast broke the window and threw the fragments against a special kind of foam glued on a wood wall. Some of the fragments were caught by the foam, in such away that it was possible to identify aspects concerning window breakaging relations between fragments thickness and ~nitial velocity .Also the effect of drag on the terminal velocity of fragments. Based on these studies new safety distances were suggested take in account the diversity of the establishments. '.The attenuation effect by the use of barriers and the TNT equivalents of explosives- and propellants were considered also in the new safety distances. The new values were compared with the Brazilian legislation leading to a proposal for storage of explosive materiais dividing them into severa I compartments to be adequate the actual values of the legislation with the suggested one. Considering the case of gas/vapor explosion, we dealt with a real case of explosion. Aspects related to evaporation, dispersion and development of inflammable and explosives atmospheres were considered along with the analysis of sensitivity of stimulus to ignition. A mechanism of the storage vessel rupture was suggested. based on the thermodynamic and kinetics analysis of the combustion system. Having the motivation of the necessity to define safety distances in similar cases it was suggested safety distances using the multi energy method developed by the TNO and the knowledge of the relation between damage and overpressure / Doutorado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Doutor em Engenharia Química

We present the results of an optical spectroscopic survey of 46 heavily obscured quasar candidates. Objects are selected using their mid-infrared (mid-IR) colours and magnitudes from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) anzd their optical magnitudes from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Candidate Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are selected to have mid-IR colours indicative of quasar activity and lie in a region of mid-IR colour space outside previously published X-ray based selection regions. We obtain optical spectra for our sample using the Robert Stobie Spectrograph on the Southern African Large Telescope. 30 objects (65 per cent) have identifiable emission lines, allowing for the determination of spectroscopic redshifts. Other than one object at z similar to 2.6, candidates have moderate redshifts ranging from z = 0.1 to 0.8 with a median of 0.3. 21 (70 per cent) of our objects with identified redshift (46 per cent of the whole sample) are identified as AGNs through common optical diagnostics. We model the spectral energy distributions of our sample and found that all require a strong AGN component, with an average intrinsic AGN fraction at 8 mu m of 0.91. Additionally, the fits require large extinction coefficients with an average E(B - V)(AGN) = 17.8 (average A(V)(AGN) = 53.4). By focusing on the area outside traditional mid-IR photometric cuts, we are able to capture and characterize a population of deeply buried quasars that were previously unattainable through X-ray surveys alone.

Context. The reionization of the Universe is one of the most important topics of present-day astrophysical research. The most plausible candidates for the reionization process are star-forming galaxies, which according to the predictions of the majority of the theoretical and semi-analytical models should dominate the H I ionizing background at z greater than or similar to 3. Aims. We measure the Lyman continuum escape fraction, which is one of the key parameters used to compute the contribution of star-forming galaxies to the UV background. It provides the ratio between the photons produced at lambda <= 912 angstrom rest-frame and those that are able to reach the inter-galactic medium, i.e. that are not absorbed by the neutral hydrogen or by the dust of the galaxy's inter-stellar medium. Methods. We used ultra-deep U-band imaging (U = 30.2 mag at 1 sigma) from Large Binocular Camera at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBC/LBT) in the CANDELS/GOODS-North field and deep imaging in the COSMOS and EGS fields in order to estimate the Lyman continuum escape fraction of 69 star-forming galaxies with secure spectroscopic redshifts at 3.27 <= z <= 3.40 to faint magnitude limits (L = 0.2L*, or equivalently M-1500 similar to -19). The narrow redshift range implies that the LBC U-band filter exclusively samples the lambda <= 912 angstrom rest-frame wavelengths. Results. We measured through stacks a stringent upper limit (<1.7% at 1 sigma) for the relative escape fraction of H I ionizing photons from bright galaxies (L > L*), while for the faint population (L = 0.2L*) the limit to the escape fraction is less than or similar to 10%. We computed the contribution of star-forming galaxies to the observed UV background at z similar to 3 and find that it is not sufficient to keep the Universe ionized at these redshifts unless their escape fraction increases significantly (>= 10%) at low luminosities (M-1500 >= -19). Conclusions. We compare our results on the Lyman continuum escape fraction of high-z galaxies with recent estimates in the literature, and discuss future prospects to shed light on the end of the Dark Ages. In the future, strong gravitational lensing will be fundamental in order to measure the Lyman continuum escape fraction down to faint magnitudes (M-1500 similar to -16) that are inaccessible with the present instrumentation on blank fields. These results will be important in order to quantify the role of faint galaxies to the reionization budget.

En plus des propriétés métriques et des interactions entre éléments focaux que doivent respecter les distances entre fonctions de croyance, la capacité de détecter une information commune en rapport à deux différents états de connaissance est examinée dans cette thèse. Cette exigence, ainsi que les deux autres, sont formalisés sous forme de propriétés mathématiques. Afin de développer de nouvelles distances entre fonctions de croyance satisfaisant ces propriétés, des distances basées sur des normes entre les matrices de spécialisation dempsteriennes sont étudiées. N'importe quelle norme matricielle peut être utilisée. Il est prouvé que la distance du type L1 basée sur les matrices de spécialisation réussit à satisfaire toutes les propriétés recherchées. Des liens intéressant et sans précédent entre la règle de combinaison conjonctive et cette distance sont démontrés. En guise de généralisation, nous montrons aussi que d'autre matrices de croyance peuvent être utilisées pour évaluer une distance entre fonctions de croyance. Ces matrices sont les matrices d'alpha-spécialisation et d'alpha-généralisation qui sont étroitement liées aux règles de combinaison alpha-jonctives. Nous prouvons aussi que la distance basée sur la norme L1 est consistante avec sa règle de combinaison alpha-jonctive correspondante. De plus, les alpha-jonctions sont des règles combinaisons dépendantes de la méta-connaissance inhérente aux alpha-jonctions qui est liée à la véracité des sources d'informations. Par conséquent, le comportement des distances entre fonctions de croyance est aussi analysé dans des situations diverses faisant intervenir une méta-connaissance incertaine ou partielle. / In addition to metric properties and interactions between focal elements that must satisfy the distances between belief functions, the ability to detect common evidence pertaining to two different states of beliefs is examined in this thesis. This requirement, as well as the previously mentioned ones, is formalized through mathematical properties. To find a belief function distance satisfying the desired properties, matrix norms based distances between Dempsterian specialization matrices are investigated. Any matrix norm can be thus used. It is proved that the L1Dempsterian matrix distance succeeds to fulfil all requirements. Interesting and unprecedented ties between the conjunctive combination rule and this distance are demonstrated. In particular, it has been shown that the L1 norm based specialization distance takes into account the structure of focal elements and has a consistent behavior with respect to the conjunctive combination rule. As a generalization of the introduced evidential distance familly, we also show that other matrices can be used to obtain new evidential distances. These matrices are the alpha-specialization and alpha-generalization matrices which are closely related to the alpha-junctive combination rules. We prove that any L1 norm based distance thus defined turns out to be consistent with its corresponding alpha-junction. alpha-junctions are meta-data dependent combination rules. The meta-data involved in alpha-junctions deals with the truthfulness of information sources. Consequently, the behavior of evidential distances is analyzed in several situations involving uncertain or partial meta-knowledge about information source truthfulness.

L'objectif de cette thèse est le développement de nouvelles méthodes de RMN à l'état solide pour l’analyse microscopique des structures dans les solides. Les méthodes proposées sont compatibles avec les champs magnétiques élevés et les vitesses de rotation MAS ultra-rapides. Les principales réalisations comprennent:(1) la mesure précise des distances pour des paires isolées entre spin-1/2 et noyaux quadripolaires. Ces mesures reposent sur ​​la symétrie des méthodes de recouplage hétéronucléaire et sur l'application d'impulsion de saturation sur le noyau quadripolaire;(2) l'observation des proximités entre noyaux de spin 1/2 et quadripolaires dans les matériaux inorganiques avec la méthode D-HMQC. Les propriétés des différents découplages dipolaire hétéro-nucléaire ont été comparés;(3) l'observation des proximités entre noyaux quadripolaires demi-entiers dans des verres ou des céramiques d'oxydes. Nous avons montré que les transferts de polarisation entre ces noyaux peuvent être obtenus avec une polarisation croisée obtenue avec des impulsions synchronisées sur le rotor, ce qui la rend plus robuste que celle obtenue avec une irradiation continue pour les noyaux quadripolaires;(4) la haute résolution des protons dans les solides à l'aide de méthodes de découplage dipolaire homo-nucléaires. Nous avons développé la méthode TIMES, qui est efficace à la fois en MAS de basse et haute vitesse;(5) le développement de l'excitation DANTE appliquée aux solides; (6) de nouvelles méthodes D-HMQC permettant de déterminer d'une manière semi-quantitative les distances internucléaires. / The focus of this thesis is on the development of novel solid-state NMR methods for the characterization of atomic-scale structure in solids. The proposed methods are compatible with high magnetic fields and ultra-fast MAS. The main achievements comprise:(1) the measurement of accurate distances for isolated pairs of spin-1/2 and quadrupolar nuclei. These measurements rely on symmetry-based hetero-nuclear recoupling and the application of saturation pulse to the quadrupolar nucleus;(2) the observation of proximities between spin-1/2 and quadrupolar nuclei in inorganic materials using D-HMQC. The properties of different hetero-nuclear dipolar decoupling have been compared;(3) the observation of proximities between half-integer quadrupolar nuclei in oxide glasses or ceramics. We demonstrated that polarization transfers between quadrupolar nuclei can be achieved by multi-pulses CP, which is more robust than continuous-wave CP for quadrupolar nuclei;(4) the observation of the local environment of protons in organic solids using homo-nuclear dipolar decoupling. In particular, we have developed TIMES, which is efficient both at low and high MAS frequency;(5) the development of DANTE excitation to solids:(6) a novel D-HMQC implementation that allows determining in a semi-quantitative way the inter-nuclear distances.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第21318号 / 情博第675号 / 新制||情||117(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 山本 章博, 教授 山下 信雄, 教授 田中 利幸, 上田 修功 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Grassland birds must have accessible, nutritional prey for nestlings which Conservation Reserve Program practices like CP33—Habitat Buffers for Upland Birds may provide. In 2008—2009, I monitored dickcissel nests in and around CP33 buffers at a farm in north-central Mississippi using video cameras to capture provisioning activities. I simultaneously observed foraging flights and measured distances traveled from nests. Orthopterans were the most commonly chosen prey, and dickcissels brought larger prey items when chicks were older. But, other changes in provisioning were not significantly related to nest age as I hypothesized. Also contrary to my initial hypotheses, provisioning at nests within buffers did not differ from non-buffer nests. CRP grasslands were equivalent to other available habitats. Provisioning rate and biomass decreased when an observer was present, and male feeding increased provisioning rate. Incorporating native warm-season grasses through conservation programs can increase nesting and foraging resources for dickcissels.

This is a large collection of small poems.

The method of least squares has been used in general for regression analysis. It is usually assumed that the errors are confined to the dependent variable, but in many cases both dependent and independent variables are typically measured with some stochastic errors. The statistical method of orthogonal regression has been used when both variables under investigation are subject to stochastic errors. Furthermore, the measurements sometimes may not be exact but have been censored. In this situation doing orthogonal regression with censored data directly between the two variables, it may yield an incorrect estimates of the relationship. In this work we discuss the estimation of orthogonal regression under censored data in one variable and then provide a method of estimation and two criteria on when the method is applicable. When the observations satisfy the criteria provided here, there will not be very large differences between the estimated orthogonal regression line and the theoretical orthogonal regression line.

Cette étude concerne le distribution spatiale du système des satellites de M31. Une nouvelle technique bayésienne pour la détermination des distances d'objets basé sur le point-final des magnitudes des géants Rouges a été développé et utilisé pour obtenir des distributions de probabilité à distance pour les M31 et 27 de ses galaxies satellites. Ces distances sont ensuite utilisés pour calculer les positions des satellites en trois dimensions. Une analyse ultérieure de la distribution spatiale qui en résulte révèle hétérogénéité frappante, avec près de la moitié des satellites confinés à un disque curieusement orienté mince. La distribution est aussi fortement asymétrique, avec la majorité des satellites se trouvant sur le côté de la Voie Lactée M31. / This study focuses on the spatial distribution of the M31 satellite system. A new Bayesian technique for determining object distances from the Tip of their Red Giant Branch is developed and used to obtain distance probability distributions for M31and 27 of its satellite galaxies. These distances are then used to calculate the satellite positions in three dimensions. Subsequent analysis of the resulting spatial distribution reveals striking inhomogeneity, with roughly half of the satellites confined to a curiously oriented thin disk. The distribution is also markedly asymmetric, with the majority of satellites lying on the Milky Way side of M31.