Au fur et ?? mesure que le nombre de baby-boomers qui atteignent l?????ge de la retraite s???accro??t, le nombre d???employ??s issus de l???immigration augmente, compte tenu de leur pr??sence de plus en plus grande dans la population active. La gestion de la diversit?? culturelle est donc devenue une r??alit?? quotidienne pour de nombreux gestionnaires des organisations canadiennes, notamment au Qu??bec. Cette nouvelle r??alit?? pose de nouveaux d??fis pour l???ensemble des processus de gestion des organisations. Ceci demande aux gestionnaires de d??velopper de nouvelles habilet??s en mati??re de gestion de la diversit?? culturelle (GDC). Les approches actuelles de d??veloppement de comp??tence en GDC restent peu efficaces. Cette ??tude vise ?? identifier des strat??gies qui peuvent s???av??rer ??tre les plus appropri??es, pour am??liorer chez les gestionnaires leur comp??tence de gestion en contexte pluriethnique. Une collecte de donn??es a ??t?? r??alis??e au moyen d???entrevues de type semi-structur?? aupr??s de 36 gestionnaires d???une grande entreprise situ??e ?? Montr??al. ?? travers une analyse de contenu, cette ??tude de type exploratoire a permis de contextualiser le d??veloppement de la comp??tence en identifiant en un premier temps les principales ressources jug??es pertinentes ?? la GDC. Les r??sultats permettent ensuite de mettre en lumi??re l???importance de la compl??mentarit?? entre les situations d???apprentissage formelles et informelles dans ce contexte, les premi??res semblant ??tre les plus appr??ci??es par les participants. Au premier plan des r??sultats figurent comme assises au d??veloppement de la comp??tence en GDC l???ouverture ?? la diff??rence et les interactions avec des personnes d???autres cultures, qu???elles soient internes ?? l???organisation ou dans l???environnement de celle-ci. En outre, les participants situent clairement leur besoin d???agir avec efficacit?? en mati??re de diversit?? culturelle dans le cadre de l???exercice d???un leadership rassembleur. La discussion des r??sultats permet de voir que la conception qu???ont les participants de strat??gies efficaces de d??veloppement des comp??tences de GDC concorde avec les perspectives pr??sent??es par plusieurs auteurs ayant ??crit sur le sujet. Les r??sultats de l?????tude rapport??e dans la pr??sente th??se offrent aux dirigeants d???entreprises, aux gestionnaires et aux professionnels des param??tres importants ?? consid??rer dans l?????laboration de strat??gies visant ?? soutenir les gestionnaires dans le d??veloppement de la comp??tence en GDC.

Orientador: Eleni Gomes / Banca: Solange Xavier dos Santos / Banca: Ana Piccolo Grandi / Resumo: O presente trabalho faz parte do projeto temático BIOTA, "Fauna e flora de fragmentos florestais remanescentes do noroeste paulista: base para estudos de conservação da biodiversidade" (Proc. FAPESP nº 04/04820-3), no qual foram estudadas presença e distribuição de fungos poliporóides, incrementando os dados obtidos para animais e vegetais. Fungos poliporóides (Basidiomycota) são lignícolas em sua maioria, possuindo papel fundamental na manutenção dos ecossistemas terrestres. Foram realizadas 19 coletas em dez fragmentos remanescentes de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual do noroeste paulista, nos municípios de Macaubal, Matão, Novo Horizonte, Planalto, Sales, Santo Antônio do Aracanguá, São João de Iracema, Turmalina, União Paulista e Votuporanga, entre março/2007 e dezembro/2008. O material foi fotografado, coletado e identificado seguindo metodologia clássica para os basidiomicetos por meio de análise e comparação dos dados morfológicos e métricos. Foram identificados 237 espécimes pertencentes a nove famílias, 27 gêneros e 45 espécies. As espécies Amauroderma exile (Berk.) Torrend, Fuscoporia rhabarbarina (Berk.) Groposo, Log.-Leite & Góes-Neto, F. senex (Nees & Mont.) Ghob.-Nejh., Inonotus adnatus Ryvarden, I. xanthoporus Ryvarden, Phellinus linteus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Teng, Phe. sancti-georgii (Pat.) Ryvarden, Phylloporia pectinata (Klotsch.) Ryvarden, Gloeoporus taxicola (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden, Trametes cingulata Berk. e Trichaptum perrottetii (Lév.) Ryvarden representam novas ocorrências para o estado. Polyporaceae apresentou o maior número de gêneros e espécies (14 e 21 respectivamente). Nenhuma espécie ocorreu em todas as áreas de estudo, mas três ocorreram em sete das dez localidades, estando mais bem distribuídas, e a maioria (41,3%) foi encontrada em apenas um fragmento. São João de Iracema apresentou maior riqueza... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present study is part of the BIOTA thematic project, "Fauna and flora of remnant forest fragments in the northwest of São Paulo State: basis for biodiversity conservation studies" (Proc. FAPESP nº 04/04820-3), in which the presence and distribution of polyporoid fungi has been studied, increasing the data obtained for animals and plants. Polyporoid fungi (Basidiomycota) are mostly lignicolous, playing a fundamental role in terrestrial ecosystems maintenance. Nineteen field expeditions were made in ten remnant fragments of semideciduous seasonal forest in the northwest of São Paulo State, in Macaubal, Matão, Novo Horizonte, Planalto, Sales, Santo Antônio do Aracanguá, São João de Iracema, Turmalina, União Paulista and Votuporanga Municipalities, between March/2007 and December/2008. The material was photographed, collected and morphologically identified, using standard basidiomycetes techniques, by analysis and comparison of the morphologic and metric data. Were identified 237 specimens belonging to four orders, nine families, 27 genera and 45 species. Amauroderma exile (Berk.) Torrend, Fuscoporia rhabarbarina (Berk.) Groposo, Log.-Leite & Góes-Neto, F. senex (Nees & Mont.) Ghob.-Nejh., Inonotus adnatus Ryvarden, I. xanthoporus Ryvarden, Phellinus linteus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Teng, Phe. sancti-georgii (Pat.) Ryvarden, Phylloporia pectinata (Klotsch.) Ryvarden, Gloeoporus taxicola (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden, Trametes cingulata Berk. and Trichaptum perrottetii (Lév.) Ryvarden are new records for the State. Polyporaceae was the most representative family, with 14 genera and 21 species. None of the species occurred in all the studied areas, but three of them could be found in six out of ten places, being better distributed, and most of them (17) were found just in one fragment. São João de Iracema showed the highest species richness (16) and alfa diversity (1,14)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Depuis leur introduction par des Europ??ens il y a quelques si??cles, les vers de terre se sont propag??s dans les sols de l'Am??rique du Nord. Depuis les ann??es 2000, plusieurs fronts d'invasion dans les milieux naturels ont soulev?? des inqui??tudes dans la communaut?? scientifique. Nous avons analys?? les impacts des vers de terre sur la germination des graines et la survie des semis de 14 esp??ces d'arbres indig??nes au Qu??bec, et nous avons investigu?? les fa??ons dont ils influencent la composition v??g??tale du sous-bois, les variables physico-chimiques du sol et les communaut??s microbiennes en Estrie. Nos r??sultats sugg??rent que les vers de terre diminuent la germination des graines et les taux de survie des plantules, en plus de provoquer des effets importants chez quelques variables physico-chimiques et groupes microbiens. Nous concluons que les vers de terre exotiques ont le potentiel d'alt??rer la composition des esp??ces et le fonctionnement des ??rabli??res du sud du Qu??bec.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:34:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Mary Mayresumo.pdf: 112419 bytes, checksum: bf67fa5c221d1c46b9a1e3dca256db47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The following work is a conceiting research about bibliography studies of intolerance in education, and it also includes studies about it through out interviews. The main aspects are about the intolerance in education: ways of comprehension and human sensibility. It is a reflection of bad behaviors in education places, where violence, exclusion and disharmony do not accept individual feelings and acts. That s also a broken up of social structures that concern to education. The main idea is to look for solutions of intolerance in education, finding measurement between them. The research intends to contribute for the limits among the tolerance that exist in the relationship of ME and the OTHER , and the idea of exercising tolerance to reach and conquer wisdom in manifestations and behaviors of human relationship / O presente trabalho relata o resultado de uma pesquisa conceitual sobre o fenômeno da intolerância na educação. Meu estudo parte de uma reflexão sobre as práticas sociais e pedagógicas nocivas ao desenvolvimento de ambientes propícios na educação, os quais geram a violência, a exclusão e a discórdia. Dentre as práticas, analisa-se as relações de alteridade e a compreensão da mesma, no que diz respeito à aceitação das diferenças individuais. E conseqüentemente, identifica-se a existência de práticas de simulacros na educação que estariam em conflito com o papel humanizador e crítico das estruturas sociais que a educação teria. O trabalho também faz referência à idéia de mediação como busca de solução para o fenômeno da intolerância na educação. Esta pesquisa pretende contribuir para o esclarecimento dos limites da tolerância existentes nas relações do "Eu" com o "Outro" e na idéia de que a tolerância é um exercício que busca conquistar a sabedoria testada nas práticas e manifestações das relações humanas

R??sum?? : La d??composition des liti??res v??g??tales a ??t?? d??crite comme ??tant la deuxi??me plus importante fonction ??cosyst??mique sur terre, apr??s la productivit?? primaire. Alors que la photosynth??se fournit les apports ??nerg??tiques ?? la plupart des cha??nes alimentaires, la d??composition recycle les nutriments, permet leur utilisation future par d???autres organismes et relargue dans l???atmosph??re le carbone fix?? photosynth??tiquement. Dans un contexte de changement climatique, un grand int??r??t est port?? sur la d??composition des liti??res, car il s???agit, ?? l?????chelle globale, de la plus grande source d?????mission de CO[indice inf??rieur 2] dans l???atmosph??re. Les taux de d??composition des liti??res sont principalement d??termin??s par trois facteurs: les variables climatiques, la structure des communaut??s de d??composeurs et les propri??t??s chimiques et physiques de la liti??re. La structure de la communaut?? v??g??tale h??te dans laquelle se produit la d??composition et d???o?? provient la liti??re peut influencer l???ensemble de ces trois facteurs. Des changements dans la structure de la communaut?? v??g??tale pourraient donc affecter les futurs taux de d??composition et modifier significativement les dynamiques globales du carbone. Malgr?? cela, la communaut?? h??te est rarement prise en compte dans les ??tudes sur la d??composition des liti??res. Des exp??riences enl??vent souvent la liti??re de son environnment naturel de d??composition, mesurant la d??composition des liti??res ?? partir de monolithes ou de microcosmes en laboratoire, afin de contr??ler les variations ind??sirables des propri??t??s du sol. Dans ce m??moire, j?????tudie les effets de plusieurs propri??t??s fonctionnelles de la communaut?? v??g??tale h??te sur les taux de d??composition des liti??res et leur contribution ?? la respiration du sol. En utilisant une plantation exp??rimentale d???arbres qui permet de manipuler la structure de leur communaut??, je teste l???effet de l???identit?? fonctionnelle des arbres, des esp??ces et de la diversit?? fonctionnelle, ainsi que des interactions entre d??composeurs et arbres sur ces processus ??cosyst??miques. La d??composition des liti??res et la respiration du sol sont li??es aux propri??t??s fonctionnelles des plantes. La d??composition des liti??res est bien pr??dite par les valeurs moyennes de traits fonctionnels des liti??res, mais plus faiblement corr??l??e ?? la diversit?? sp??cifique. D???apr??s mes r??sultats, le nombre d???esp??ces en m??lange de liti??res ne constitue pas un facteur important pour la d??composition, ?? cause des interactions globalement idiosyncratiques entre types de liti??res. Cependant, l???augmentation conjointe de la diversit?? fonctionnelle des m??langes d???esp??ces en liti??res et de la communaut?? d???arbres-h??tes acc??l??re les taux de d??composition et la respiration du sol. Les premi??res phases de d??composition de liti??res en surface ne sont que faiblement affect??es par la diversit?? des plantes, alors que pour la respiration du sol, qui prend en compte les derni??res phases de d??composition de liti??re et de mati??re organique du sol, la diversit?? est la propri??t?? fonctionnelle de plantes qui fournit le meilleur pouvoir de pr??diction. De plus, j???ai trouv?? que les apports sp??cifiques de liti??res ?? long terme pouvaient cr??er des conditions qui favorisent la d??composition des liti??res native et pouvaient modifier l???effet de la diversit?? des arbres sur la d??composition. J???attribue cet effet aux r??troactions entre la liti??re et les organismes d??composeurs du sol. Ce travail de recherche fournit une nouvelle perspective sur les effets des changements de structure de communaut?? foresti??re sur les processus de d??composition. La compr??hension de ces effets est n??cessaire pour pr??dire les taux de d??composition de liti??res et les dynamiques globales du carbone. // Abstract : The decomposition of plant litter has been described as the second most important ecosystem function for sustaining life on earth, after primary productivity. Whereas photosynthesis provides the energy input for most food chains, decomposition recycles nutrients for future use by other organisms and returns photosynthetically fixed carbon back to the atmosphere. In the context of climate change, litter decomposition is of specific interest because it represents one of the largest sources of CO[subscript 2] to the atmosphere globally. Rates of litter decomposition are largely determined by three factors: climatic variables, the structure of the decomposer community, and the chemical and physical properties of the litter. The structure of the host plant community under which decomposition takes place and from which the litter is derived can influence all three of these factors. Therefore, any systematic changes in plant community structure could affect future decomposition rates and significantly alter global carbon dynamics. Despite this, the host plant community is rarely considered in litter decomposition studies. Experiments often remove litter from its natural decomposition environment, instead measuring decomposition of litter in common garden settings and laboratory microcosms to control for unwanted variation in soil properties. In this thesis I investigate the effect of several functional properties of the host plant community on rates of litter decomposition and its contribution to soil respiration. Using an experimental tree plantation that manipulates tree community structure, I test the effect of tree functional identity, species and functional diversity, and tree-decomposer interactions on these ecosystem processes. Both litter decomposition and soil respiration were related to plant functional properties. Litter decomposition was best predicted by average-values of litter functional traits and was poorly related to species diversity. The number of species in a litter mixture does not seem to be important for decomposition, as interactions between litter types were idiosyncratic. However increasing the functional diversity both of mixed-species litter and of the host tree community accelerated rates of litter decomposition and soil respiration. Early stages of surface litter decomposition were only marginally affected by plant diversity. In contrast, diversity was the best predictor of soil respiration, which includes latter stages of litter and soil organic matter decomposition. Furthermore, I found that specific repeated litter input to the soil can result in conditions that favour the decomposition of the long-term litter type and can mediate the effect of tree diversity on decomposition. I attribute this effect to feedbacks between the litter and soil decomposer organisms. This research provides insight into the effect of changing forest community structure on decomposition processes. Such an understanding is necessary to predict future rates of litter decomposition and global carbon dynamics.