The legacy of Dietrich Bonhoeffer has largely been dependent upon the understanding of his position of pacifism and just war in the context of the Second World War. His own writings and presentations, particularly ones advocating for pacifism, seem contrary to his actions and involvement in the resistance movement against Nazi Germany. Scholars on both sides of this debate have presented compelling evidence to sway their audience one way or the other concerning Bonhoeffer's ethical position. This debate is further complicated by Bonhoeffer's own view of his life as a "straight and unbroken course." As many have claimed Bonhoeffer's ethics to justify their own stance on pacifism and just-war, the purpose of this paper is to determine if such claims are warranted. This paper seeks to investigate such claims by looking at Bonhoeffer's own writings throughout the course of his life. It traces his biography in attempts to place his writings in context. While many of his writings are important in understanding Bonhoeffer's worldview, this paper largely focuses on Sanctorum Communio as the basis for his theological framework, and his publications of Discipleship and Ethics wherein lies the tensions of understanding his position. This paper will attempt to show that while Bonhoeffer was not against pacifism and in fact advocated for peace, his contextual ethics serves as strong evidence that he was not a pacifist according to its most basic definition.

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Denna uppsats syftar till att vara ett bidrag till den samtida debatten kring teorin om rättfärdiga krig. I uppsatsen utmanas rådande föreställningar om rättfärdiga krig, i synnerhet idén om att endast suveräna stater utgör legitima auktoriteter. Uppsatsen använder Hizbollah som fallstudie och författaren argumenterar för att rörelsens enorma popularitet och de facto kontroll över stora områden gjort Hizbollah till en legitim härskare. Därmed bör Hizbollah, trots att rörelsen är en icke-statlig aktör i Libanon, betraktas som en legitim auktoritet som kan utkämpa rättfärdiga krig. / This essay aims to be a contribution to the contemporary debate on the “Just War Theory” in a way that challenges traditional concepts of the theory, especially the idea that only sovereign states constitutes legitimate authorities. Using Hezbollah as a case study, the author argues that the organization’s enormous popularity and de facto control over considerable parts of Lebanon makes Hezbollah a legitimate ruler of its territory. Consequently Hezbollah, despite being a non-state actor, should be regarded as a legitimate authority and thus capable of fighting just wars.

Det är först nyligen som den lokala latensperioden hos datorsystem börjat undersökas och optimerats i dataspel och nya hårdvaru- och mjukvarutekniker har utvecklats för att minska latensen i dem. I detta arbete läggs en ny sådan teknik fram, inspirerad av Nvidia Reflex fast optimerad för dubbelbuffrad vertikal synkronisering. Tekniken implementerades i en egen spelmotor som sedan användes för att skapa en prestandatest-applikation. Med hjälp av denna applikation utfördes ett experiment för att utvärdera teknikens praktikalitet och prestanda. Resultatet från experimentet tyder på att tekniken kan göra god nytta för att minska latensen i vertikalt synkroniserade spel, men kräver för tillfället att implementationen optimeras utefter spelets prestanda. Framtida forskning bör fokusera på att öka generaliserbarheten av tekniken genom att exempelvis utnyttja maskinlärning. Dessutom önskas bättre stöd från grafikdrivrutiner och operativsystem att förse applikationer med de verktyg som behövs för att göra en solid implementation av denna teknik. / <p>Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.</p>

While cities across the world are adopting urban sustainability plans and pursuing ‘sustainable development,’ the question of how these urban sustainability plans have made our cities indeed sustainable is a subject of debate. Some scholars are skeptical about whether urban sustainability planning challenges or reproduces existing power imbalance in the growth politics in cities. Given the current trend that the concept of sustainability has become embedded in our culture, little is known about the urban politics around urban sustainability plans and their effectiveness in promoting balanced sustainability in Asian cities. Using a case study of Seoul through in-depth interviews, this study examines the urban politics around the decision-making process and the implementation of sustainability plans in Seoul. As a rare case of recent rapid socio-economic transformations with the legacy of a developmental state, Korea serves as an example of how these transformations are likely to have for the urban politics of sustainability policies in other Asian countries. As conclusions, developmental states like Korea with a centralized governance system tend to use a “sustainability fix” that is heavily focused on ‘pro-growth’ development. With globalization, privatization, and democratization, the growth machine politics around urban sustainability planning in Korea is similar to that observed in the Western context. However, in Seoul, the growth machine is heavily influenced by the federal government and Mayoral leadership. This is because of the embedded legacy of the developmental state. In addition, with increased democratization and a growing role of civic groups in urban politics, we see a move towards “just sustainability” in urban sustainability planning in Korea. / Geography

This research provides a basis to explore the relationship between Just-In-Time (m) and performance of the manufacturing system using a systems approach. Specifically, a conceptual model that captures system-wide performance of the manufacturing system was built using system dynamics in an effort to investigate the relationship between JIT and performance of the manufacturing system. The model was designed and built to measure total-factor productivity (TFP) which represents a global performance measure of the manufacturing system. TFP captures the integrated, synergistic effect of the system variables and functions on global system performance. A major part of the research was devoted to building and testing the system dynamics model. The model consists of four sectors: production-inventory, labor, machine, and material. The labor, machine, and material sectors represent the input classes used to produce the finished goods. The production-inventory sector contains a variable representing the finished goods (output of the system). It also contains the TFP variable which relates all the input classes and the output, and calculates the TFP value simulated under a specific system state. / Ph. D.

Region Gotland är unik i Sverige eftersom den har både kommunala och regionala ansvar. På Gotland bor den största kommunala andelen seniorer, men andelen seniorresenärer i kollektivtrafiken är endast 5%. Ön trafikeras av bussar i stads- och regionbusstrafik och det finns närtrafik som kompletterar kollektivtrafiken. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka Region Gotlands planer för social rättvisa inom mobilitet, genom att utföra dokumentanalys på två av Regionens planeringsdokument. Det analytiska verktyget för dokumentanalysen är tematisk analys och en semistrukturerad intervju med en tjänsteman på Regionen ingår i den tematiska analysen. Resultat och resultatanalys har visat att Region Gotland till viss del planerar rättvist för senior mobilitet utifrån det som rättvis planeringsteori pekar ut som rättvist. Analysen har också påvisat hur Regionens planering kan skapa både inkludering och exkludering genom de riktlinjer som översiktsplanen, tillgänglighetsstrategin och intervjun med tjänstemannen presenterat. Slutsatsen är att Region Gotland till viss del planerar för social, rumslig och rural rättvisa för seniorer på Gotlands landsbygd, men att social rättvisa är mångfasetterad och komplicerad att uppnå då det finns mycket Regionen behöver beakta under planering.

In this essay I attempt to examine critically Michael Walzer's just war theory. I begin by pointing out what I take to be philosophically sound about his conception; in particular, his philosophical commitment to a doctrine of human rights as being morally decisive for questions of war. He argues, and I think correctly, that questions of justified wars and justified means within wars are ultimately questions about whether or not human rights are being respected. Unfortunately, Walzer does not always formulate his war principles in light of his fundamental commitment to human rights, and where he fails to do so, supreme emergencies and nuclear deterrence, I argue that his account becomes incoherent. At bottom, Walzer supposes, in these instances, that while individual rights may not be overriden for purely utilitarian reasons, rights may, nevertheless, be overridden for the sake of the political community. What this amounts to, for Walzer, is the following claim: that it is more just to secure the rights of a collection of individuals than it is to secure the rights of one individual. If so, it is morally permissible to suspend some individual rights for the sake of many individual rights. And even though I will hold that this argument is very persuasive, I will suggest that it is mistaken from a moral point of view which takes human rights to be morally conclusive.