農林水産研究情報センターで作成したPDFファイルを使用している。

<p>This study focuses on the transfer between a product-oriented to a service-oriented perspective regarding marketing activities in companies due to the development of information technology. It illustrates how this very transfer has been, and can be, contemplated through the eyes of organizations working with marketing in a digital world on a daily basis. Technology has turned several industries - their price-setting, communication channels and supplying possiblities - upside-down. This turnpoint brings out a new way of observing and working with marketing. Therefore, we find it interesting to gain a better understanding of how actors within industries where the turnpoint is a fact observes marketing, and how this service perspective can be seen in their various organizations and daily. To manage to do this we have used a qualitative approach in the study, which is based on six different interviews with relevant actors within technology-focused industries, which we mentioned earlier. The interviews are the base of the analysis and are fully presented in the appendix. The analysis consists of a comparison between the empirism and the theories, which we’ve engaged in the paper.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:30:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 894815 bytes, checksum: 23d109fd9106676bd17192daf3b75f95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-31 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Competition is a controversial theme in theoretical ecology. Studies involving competition and ants have demonstrated contradictories results. Thus, experimental work is necessary to elucidate the real importance of competition on structuring ant communities. Then, the aim of this study was to experimentally determinate the immediate effect of exclusion of two dominant ant species on the structure of ants communities which forage on baits. I collected data between February and April of 2007, in Darwin, NT, Australia and between January and February of 2010 in Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. I established three plots in each country where we experimentally removed the two most aggressive ant species. The plots were made of 100 baits spaced in ten lines of ten baits spaced in 3m. The baits were made of ¼ of a paper with 30g of sardine deposited on it. The experiment was divided in three parts of three days each one. The first part was called before exclusion , when the ants were collected without previous interference. In the second part, during exclusion , the dominant ants nests were blocked with plastic bowls. Finally, after exclusion , after we unblock the dominant ants nests. One hour after the baits installation, we collected the ants and noted its abundance. During exclusion in Australia, the richness and abundance of ants increased significantly when compared with others treatments. Furthermore, the ant species composition on baits changed during the dominant species exclusion. In Brazil, there was a decrease of those values during and after exclusion, probably due to a subdominant species (Cephalotes pusillus) that increased in abundance and frequency and may have had a stronger negative effect on ant community. Some species were collected only when the dominant species were blocked in Australia. Our analysis indicates there is an important change in the ant species diversity and composition with the dominant species exclusion. In Australia, dominant species may regulate momentary diversity of ant community while in Brazil it has a buffer effect. This may indicate that competition is a strong factor structuring ant assemblage. / A competição é um tema controverso na teoria ecológica. Estudos que tenham envolvido competição e formigas têm demonstrado resultados contraditórios. Assim, trabalhos experimentais são necessários para elucidar a importância da competição sobre a estrutura de comunidades de formigas. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi determinar experimentalmente o efeito a curto prazo da exclusão de duas espécies dominantes de formigas sobre a estrutura de comunidades de formigas que forrageiam em iscas. Coletei os dados entre fevereiro e abril de 2007, em Darwin, NT, Austrália, e entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2010, em Uberlândia, MG, Brasil. Nós estabelecemos três grids em cada país, onde nós bloqueamos as espécies dominantes. Os grids eram compostos de 100 iscas espalhadas em 10 linhas de 10 iscas, sempre espaçadas em 3m. As iscas foram feitas de ¼ de papel branco com 30g de sardinha depositada sobre ela. O experimento foi divido em três partes de três dias cada um. A primeira parte foi chamada antes do bloqueio , em que as formigas foram coletadas sem interferência prévia. Na segunda parte, durante o bloqueio , os ninhos das formigas dominantes foram bloqueados com bacias plásticas. Finalmente, depois do bloqueio , quando os ninhos foram desbloqueados. Depois de uma hora da instalação das iscas, nós coletávamos as formigas e anotávamos a sua abundância. Durante o bloqueio na Austrália, a riqueza e a abundância de formigas cresceram significativamente quando comparadas aos demais tratamentos. Além disso, a composição de espécies de formigas nas iscas mudou durante o bloqueio da espécie dominante. No Brasil, houve uma queda desses valores durante e depois do bloqueio, provavelmente devido a uma espécie subdominante (Cephalotes pusillus), que aumentou em abundância e frequência e parece ter tido um efeito negativo maior sobre a comunidade de formigas. Algumas espécies foram coletadas apenas quando as espécies dominantes estavam bloqueadas na Austrália. Nossas análises indicam que existem mudanças importantes sobre a diversidade e a composição de espécies com o bloqueio das espécies dominantes. Na Austrália, as espécies dominantes podem regular a diversidade momentânea, enquanto no Brasil elas podem ter um efeito estabilizador. Isso sugere que a competição pode ser um importante processo na estruturação de comunidades de formigas.

Despite theoretical and policy advancements in global human and gendered approaches to development, youth in mainstream development policy discourse remains subsumed. The ratification of global best practice models of human development in Nigeria, without contextualizing the probable dividends of youth capability strength in shaping national development realities, will present challenges that are likely to threaten the sustainable future of country. Perhaps if this is sustained, this thesis argues that the capabilities of Nigerian youths will continue to remain trapped or mismatched in areas that they fail to contribute positively to Nigeria's national development. In this regard, this thesis evaluated the extent to which youth capabilities are enhanced in the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) for national development in Nigeria. Firstly, this thesis contributes conceptually to understanding, broadly, the social constructions of youth in mainstream policy discourse and their positioning in both global and national development practice in Nigeria. It also critically examines through literature how western epistemological interpretations of development theorizing are reproduced in youth discourse. Succinctly, the theoretical contribution of youth in development explains how development-underdevelopment dualism in mainstream development reproduces similar youth-adult dualisms in conceptualizing how youths are recognized, represented and constituted within policy discourses. Based on this, the theoretical gaps that this thesis bridges, operationalizes the Sen's capability approach (SCA) through the utilization of Narayan-Parker's empowerment framework in order to contextualize how the intersections of youth agency and structural contributions of the NYSC could aid the effective utilization of youth capabilities for national development in Nigeria. Secondly, this thesis contributes methodologically to development practice as it adapts a mixed-method approach (MMA) to researching youth lives, especially from a developing country's context. The application of a qualitative dominant mixed method approach (qual-MMA), suggests how through social constructivist ontology and through poststructuralist epistemology, the understanding of how youths socially construct their identity and the roles they play in national development becomes clearer. Thirdly, the germane and empirical contribution of this thesis especially to mainstream development theorizing is that, youth voices captured through narratives and quantitative data helped explore the experiences of Nigerian youth's transition pathways from education to the NYSC pathway. This further allowed for critical examination of how youths are: absorbed through mobilization into the NYSC; developed through the activities in the scheme; deployed and utilized in addressing national development challenges in Nigeria. This thesis suggests that dominant social constructions based on age and transition patterns, undermine the impact/effective functioning of youth capabilities for addressing national development challenges. It concludes that limited support structures during the youth educational pathways and lack of opportunity structures while youths are in the NYSC pathways continue to limit the functioning of their capabilities in sectors of national development needs. It recommends a need to rethink the current deployment strategy of the NYSC so that youth capabilities fit the national development narrative.

1 Abstract The thesis explores the role of the contemporary underground subculture. The study critically deals with the "underground myth": the idea that the underground community had a major influence on the fall of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia. The last topic is the role of Voknoviny, a magazine considered a fundamental medium of the current subculture. The theoretical part of the work focuses on history of the underground subculture. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes popular culture and subcultures theories. Also, the historians' view of the normalization proces and the role the underground played in the fall of the communist regime. The principal part of the work analyses interviews with four figures of the underground community. The research sample was designed to cover the main significant "structures and institutions" of the underground. The analysis of the interviews is complemented by the content analysis of the Voknoviny magazine. The results show that while the current underground is based on the tradition of its pre-revolution predecessor, it now fits within the dominant society framework. The interviewees agreed that the role of the underground in the collapse of the communist regime lied primarily on uniting the opposition. Although Voknoviny has a larger readership than...

Dans notre première partie, nous mettons en rapport l’enseignement dispensé par un maître avec la bonne nature de l’élève et l’exercice. Puis sont étudiés les pré-requis parfois exigés des disciples postulants, et au contraire l’adaptation de certains maîtres à leur auditoire. Nous constatons ensuite qu’instaurer une relation harmonieuse est difficile : confiance et bienveillance mutuelles sont indispensables, mais certains maîtres s’établissent dans une position de domination ; parfois même, de mauvais maîtres pervertissent leurs disciples. Notre quatrième partie est consacrée à trois attaches particulières : les liens de parenté ; les sentiments amoureux ; la vénération. Finalement, nous rappelons que maîtres et disciples vivaient au sein de la société : par conséquent, nous nous interrogeons sur leurs rapports aux biens matériels, aux puissants de ce monde, à la politique, et enfin à la mort, dans la mesure où celle-ci s’insère dans un cadre social. / In our first part, we observe teaching in connection with pupil’s good disposition and training. Then we examine which prerequisites a disciple must fulfil in order to attend a master’s lecture, and, on the contrary, the way some masters adapt themselves to their audience. Thirdly, we remark that a harmonious relationship is difficult to establish : mutual confidence and benevolence are essential to success ; but some masters may dominate their disciples ; sometimes, bad masters even corrupt their pupils. Our fourth part tackles three peculiar bonds uniting some masters with their disciples : family ties ; love ; veneration that some ardent disciples feel towards their master. Lastly, we remind that teachers and disciples lived within a society ; consequently, we think about their relations to material possessions, to mighty personages, to politics, a finally, to death, inasmuch as it is not only a personal experience, but comes within a social context.

This research paper explores the value co-creating activities from a micro-level healthcare perspective by investigating value co-creation in dental clinics. Previous research on the subject of co-creation of value has directed its focus to higher-level healthcare with advanced illnesses, chronic diseases and complicated processes with many interactions. This research paper expands the theoretical research and provides valuable practical insight for dental clinics by adding a perspective where there is a low level of interaction. Through interviews with dentists and a focus group discussion with patients it is concluded that the co-creating activities of: cooperating, colearning, collating information, integrating networks, providing options, and designing environments, are present on the micro-level healthcare. Furthermore, contrary to existing literature, it is concluded that the co-creation is commonly instigated by the dentist rather than the patient, and that the value co-creation can also be active on a psychological level, and not solely through physical interactions and activities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:14:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5118.pdf: 2349984 bytes, checksum: f7f2dd9acdf4457bdb79a46f937a8405 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-24 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The project aims to investigate the distribution of power, their reproduction and their implications in the organization of the National Liberation Party (PLN) in Costa Rica, during the period 1990-2010. In a context characterized by changes in the party system and the electoral system in Costa Rica, the PLN was affected by deep divisions, motivated by personal and ideological interests. The intraparty struggle for control of the lines of authority meant a challenge to the power structure and the party's electoral aspirations. In front of the crisis, the dominant coalition that takes control of the party manages to reverse the situation, making to adapt the party to environmental conditions by controlling areas of uncertainty, and co-opting groups that confronted the intraparty fight. Strengthening the party organization, the dominant coalition succeeded to secure their survival and organizational stability. / O projeto tem como objetivo investigar a distribuição do poder, sua reprodução e as implicações destas na organização do Partido Liberación Nacional (PLN) da Costa Rica, durante o período 1990-2010. Em um contexto marcado por mudanças no sistema partidário e no sistema eleitoral costarriquenho, o PLN foi afetado por divisões profundas, motivadas por interesses pessoais e ideológicos. A luta intrapartidária pelo controle das linhas de autoridade significou um desafio para a estrutura de poder e para as aspirações eleitorais do partido. Em frente da crise, a coalizão dominante que toma o controle do partido consegue reverter a situação, conseguindo adaptar o partido às condições ambientais, controlando as zonas de incerteza, e cooptando os grupos que confrontou na luta intrapartidária. Fortalecendo a organização partidária, a coalizão dominante conseguiu garantir sua sobrevivência e estabilidade organizativa.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-08-31T11:35:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2136822 bytes, checksum: a122274b64c2bca9063e2642d3fe5797 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-08-31T11:57:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2136822 bytes, checksum: a122274b64c2bca9063e2642d3fe5797 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-08-31T11:58:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2136822 bytes, checksum: a122274b64c2bca9063e2642d3fe5797 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T11:59:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2136822 bytes, checksum: a122274b64c2bca9063e2642d3fe5797 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this research was to analyze how the exchanges in the relationship applications collaborate to the objectification of the consumers in order to understand how the value can be co-created among the actors involved in this service. The netnographic research was developed in Tinder which is currently one of the most popular relationship applications in Brazil and worldwide. The data were collected through 19 interviews with Tinder consumers, carried out from May 2015 to November 2016, as well as the diary record with the main experiences that I lived in the application from October 2014 to December 2016. The Research results show that value co-creation has greater participation of users than the institution and the value of the application is attributed phenomenologically by the experiences in the exchanges. Relationship applications, in general, allow relationships between users analogous to consumer relationships and in Tinder, there is a sense that the next option may be more interesting favoring the accumulation of matches and the discarding of those that do not meet expectations, such as product that is returned by default. Research responds to social perspectives, specifically on the dynamics of relationships through connections; and managerial skills as you discuss possibilities for improvement in the application. It is concluded that in order to guarantee the value creation in the light of the Service- Dominant Logic, institutional control over the exchanges is necessary to avoid deviations in the use of Tinder. On the other hand, it must be considered that the dynamics that favor objectification is that which maintains the popularity of the application and any limitation of use, could cause Tinder to lose strategic benefits. In this case, it must be considered that the autonomy of cyberspace, in itself, requires institutional flexibility in regulations or even absence of them. So while some users have a negative perception of Tinder, others see opportunities to escape from the social routine with a lot of switching possibilities, and it is these uncontrolled exchanges that keep users active in the application and ensure their survival. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar como as trocas nos aplicativos de relacionamento colaboram à objetificação dos consumidores de forma a entender como o valor pode ser cocriado entre os atores envolvidos neste serviço. A investigação netnográfica, foi desenvolvida no Tinder que atualmente é um dos aplicativos de relacionamento mais populares no Brasil e no mundo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de 19 entrevistas com consumidores do Tinder, realizadas de maio de 2015 a novembro de 2016 além do registro em forma de diário com as principais experiências que vivi no aplicativo no período de outubro de 2014 a dezembro de 2016. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que a cocriação de valor tem maior participação dos usuários que da instituição e o valor do aplicativo é atribuído fenomenologicamente pelas experiências nas trocas. Os aplicativos de relacionamento, de modo geral, permitem relações entre usuários análogas a relações de consumo e no Tinder, há a sensação de que a próxima opção pode ser mais interessante favorecendo o acúmulo de matches e o descarte daqueles que não atenderem às expectativas, como produto que se devolve por defeito. A pesquisa atende às perspectivas sociais, especificamente sobre a dinâmica dos relacionamentos por conexões; e gerenciais à medida que discute possibilidades de melhoria no aplicativo. Conclui-se que para garantir a cocriação de valor à luz da Lógica Dominante do Serviço, é necessário o controle institucional sobre as trocas que evitem desvios na utilização do Tinder. Por outro lado há que se considerar que a dinâmica que favorece a objetificação é a que mantém a popularidade do aplicativo e qualquer limitação de uso ao usuário, poderia fazer com que o Tinder perdesse benefícios estratégicos. Nesse caso, deve-se considerar que a autonomia do ciberespaço, em si, requer flexibilidade institucional em regulações ou mesmo ausência destas. Assim, enquanto alguns usuários têm uma percepção negativa do Tinder, outros veem oportunidades de fuga da rotina social com diversas possibilidades de troca, e são essas trocas, não controladas, que mantém os usuários ativos no aplicativo e garantem a sobrevivência dele.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:42:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 338043 bytes, checksum: a834b14ee2a313c551703de0f053cc4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In the study of genetic linkage between two marker loci or between markers and a QTL it is usually necessary to have appropriate designed populations (experimental populations). However, for some species such designed populations could be hard to obtain. In this scenario, the linkage disequilibrium (LD) has been used to build genetic map and to identify QTL. In this work, we used simulation to evaluate the efficiency of LD to construct genetic maps (LD-genetic map) of molecular markers as well as to map QTL (LD-QTL mapping) in non- structured families of outbreed populations. As for the LD- genetic map study, we designed genomes with high saturation level (markers apart from each other less than 5 cM), and random saturation level (markers apart from each other ranging from 0 to 20 cM), five linkage groups and 20 markers per linkage group. We simulated compounds of second generation with 200 and 1000 individuals, derived from the mating of two parental populations of size 200, under four levels (1.0, 0.9, 0.8 and 0.7) of difference in the frequency of each marker (marker-frequency difference) between parental populations. These compounds were used to obtain the sampled genomes, which were compared with the designed genomes to measure the efficiency of LD to construct genetic map. In the LD-QTL mapping study, we adopted, with slightly modifications, the steps to obtain the designed genome and the compounds as described above. We designed genomes with ten linkage groups, each with 20 markers, but for linkage group 1 which had just five markers. We distributed 200 genes controlling quantitative traits along the ten linkage groups. However, only the linkage group 1 had a major QTL along with 19 minor genes. All other linkage groups had 20 minor genes each. In the LD-QTL mapping study, for the detection, estimation of substitution effects and of dominance, we idealized three quantitative traits, each being affected by a major QTL. The trait yield (g/ear) had a QTL with positive dominance; the trait expansion capacity (mL/g) had a QTL with bidirectional dominance; and the trait relative liquid growth (%) had a QTL with negative dominance. We used the method of single marker analysis base on regression to model the QTL effects. The analyses of power for QTL identification and substitution effect estimation were done by linear regression. On the other hand, the analysis of dominance effect was done by polynomial regression with the quadratic term included in the model. In the LD-genetic map study the linkage groups were satisfactory recovered, with only few exceptions. The bias in recovering the designed genome increased with the decreasing of the marker- frequency difference between parental populations from 1.0 to 0.7. Based on the percentage of correct ordered markers in the genome, we found that the LD-genetic map was efficient, with correct ordering of markers superior to 86%. Our results support that the most efficient population for LD-genetic map was the one equivalent to an F2 intercross population. With respect to the QTL detection, in general, the power of detection was satisfactory, independent of the quantitative trait simulated. The results of effect substitution of marker revealed that markers closer to the QTL had bigger effects. The detections of dominance effects were efficient only on the compounds from the mating of parental populations with marker-frequency difference superior than 0.9 and sample size of 1.000. The results of dominance direction analyses on the markers for the trait yield were efficient in determining the direction of dominance of QTL, with few exceptions where complete dominance was present. For the trait expansion capacity, the specification of which markers had positive or negative effect was not possible because of the bidirectional nature of the simulated dominance effects. For the trait liquid growth the estimated effects of dominance at markers often revealed the correct dominance effects direction of the QTL. It is important to point out that the results of our LD-QTL mapping study were based on traits in which the phenotypic variance explained by the QTL is between 10 and 30% of the total phenotypic variance. / No estudo de ligação entre dois locos marcadores e análise de QTL é preciso realizar cruzamentos apropriados para o mapeamento das populações. No entanto, a realização de cruzamentos pode ser difícil em algumas espécies. Nestes casos, tem-se utilizado desequilíbrio de ligação (LD) ou de fase gamética. Este trabalho, realizado por meio de simulação de dados, teve como objetivos avaliar a eficiência do mapeamento de marcas moleculares e identificar o QTL em populações não-endogâmicas e não-estruturadas em famílias, com base em desequilíbrio de fase gamética. Para o mapeamento de marcas moleculares foram simulados genomas com nível de saturação alto (distância menor que 5 cM) e aleatório (distância entre 0 e 20 cM), cinco grupos de ligação e 20 marcas por grupo. Para obtenção dos genomas amostrais foram simulados compostos de segunda geração, com 1.000 e 200 indivíduos, derivados do cruzamento entre duas populações parentais, com tamanho 200, sob quatro níveis (1,0, 0,9, 0,8 e 0,7) de diferença mínima de freqüência de mesma marca entre os genitores. A partir dos genomas amostrais foi avaliada a eficiência de recuperação dos genomas paramétricos. Na detecção de QTL, seguiu-se o mesmo processo para simulação dos genomas e dos compostos, porém com algumas particularidades. Foram simulados genomas com dez grupos de ligação, devendo ser ressaltado que em cada genoma somente o grupo de ligação 1 foi simulado com cinco locos marcadores. Nestes grupos também foram distribuídos 200 genes controladores de características quantitativas. Porém, somente no grupo de ligação 1 foram alocados QTL e 19 genes de efeito menor. Em cada um dos demais grupos de ligação foram alocados mais 20 genes de efeito menor. Na análise de QTL, incluindo detecção e estimação dos efeitos de substituição e desvios de dominância, foram idealizadas três características quantitativas, com um QTL controlando cada característica. As características foram: produção (g/espiga), com direção de dominância positiva; capacidade de expansão (ml/g), com direção de dominância bidirecional; e crescimento líquido relativo (%), com direção de dominância negativa. Neste trabalho, foi empregado o método das marcas simples com base em análise de regressão. A avaliação do poder de detecção de QTL e os efeitos de substituição foram obtidos por regressão linear, enquanto os efeitos de dominância foram obtidos por regressão polinomial, incluindo o termo quadrático. No mapeamento de marcas moleculares, verificou-se que os grupos de ligação foram recuperados de forma satisfatória, com algumas exceções. Maior viés na recuperação dos genomas paramétricos foi verificado à medida que se diminuiu a diferença de freqüência de mesma marca entre os genitores de 1,0 para 0,7. Com base no porcentual de marcas ordenadas corretamente o mapeamento foi eficiente, apresentando valores superiores a 86%. Diante dos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que a população mais eficiente para o mapeamento é a equivalente a uma F2. Quanto à detecção de QTL, de modo geral, o poder de detecção foi satisfatório, independentemente do caráter idealizado. A análise do efeito de substituição de marca revelou maior magnitude de efeito para as marcas mais próximas ao QTL. Em relação ao teste de dominância nos locos marcadores, foi verificada eficiência na detecção de dominância apenas nos compostos obtidos do cruzamento entre genitores com diferença de freqüência de mesma marca maior ou igual a 0,9 e com tamanho de amostra igual 1.000. Avaliando o sinal do efeito de dominância, para a característica produção, verificou-se que os efeitos estimados nos locos marcadores foram consistentes em revelar a direção de dominância no loco do QTL, com algumas exceções quando dominância completa. Para característica capacidade de expansão, em virtude de ter sido considerada sob direção de dominância bidirecional, não foi possível a determinação de quais marcas têm efeito positivo ou negativo. Para a característica crescimento líquido relativo, as estimativas dos efeitos de dominância nos marcadores revelaram, quase sem exceção, a direção de dominância no loco do QTL. É importante ressaltar que os resultados obtidos neste trabalho, para o mapeamento de QTL, são válidos para QTLs que expliquem entre 10 e 30% a variação fenotípica do caráter.