Le libéralisme en Arabie saoudite constitue un courant de pensée moderniste qui initie et anime le débat public du royaume. Les expressions libérales entraînent de multiples conflits idéologiques et intellectuels avec les milieux salafistes-wahhabites. Ces derniers considèrent que le discours des libéraux saoudiens va à l’encontre de l’islam. Il vise, selon eux, à saper les fondements conservateurs de la société saoudienne. La singularité de ce phénomène culturel émane des particularités propres au royaume. Le courant libéral est porteur d’un projet de société non fondé sur la religion, mais plutôt sur des principes universels qui sont toutefois harmonieux, selon lui, avec un islam modéré. Cette conception moderniste de l'islam tranche d’ailleurs avec le Wahhabisme, la doctrine intégriste u royaume. Les libéraux remettent en cause ses manifestations fondamentalistes dans la société. C’est surtout dans le système médiatique des élites dirigeantes que s’affirment les orientations contestataires et revendicatives qu'ils incarnent. Les dynamiques de cette doctrine dans les médias du prince permettent de mettre en lumière la problématique de son usage par le régime, sous l’impulsion des nombreuses crises majeures qu’il affronte depuis les années 1990. Ce contexte historique instable conduit la monarchie conservatrice à faire des choix pragmatiques qui lui permettent de préserver ses intérêts. L’instrumentalisation du discours libéral favorise son agenda et son alliance avec l’Occident, tout en maintenant des rapports historiques avec l’establishment wahhabite. Dans sa gestion des affaires de l'Etat, le système politique saoudien s'avère bien loin de l'image d'un régime rigide et monolithique. L'Arabie saoudite apparaît aujourd'hui plus que jamais tiraillée entre deux visions antagonistes de son avenir : l'une est animée par des revendications modernistes croissantes et l'autre par des orientations traditionnelles hégémoniques. / Liberalism in Saudi Arabia is a modernist thought trend that creates and animates public debate in the kingdom. Liberal expressions lead to many conflicts with Salafi-Wahhabi movements. Clerical groups believe that liberal discourse is against Islam and aims to undermine the traditional foundations of Saudi society. However, the particularities of these liberal cultural and social phenomena emanate directly from the ruling kingdom itself. The liberal trend is to promote societal change which is not based on religion, but on universal principals viewed as more compatible with moderate Islam. This modern vision of religion contrasts sharply with the Al-Saud kingdom's Wahhabism, the state's doctrine. Liberals are contesting the Wahhabi fundamentalism demonstrated throughout society, and their perspectives are reflected and potentially manifested through the royalty's elite media system. Moreover, analyzing the dynamics of this thought in « prince media » brings to light the problematic of its use by an authoritarian regime facing several State crises since the 1990s. These contexts that are leading the power elite to be more realistic and pragmatic in politics, in order to preserve its strategic interests. Using the liberal discourse dictated by the ruling elites furthers their agenda and also their alliance with Western states, in parallel with maintaining their traditional relations with the Wahhabi establishment. Today, the Al-Saud monarchy appears to be increasingly torn between two opposing visions regarding its future. On the one hand it has to deal with growing modernist demands, and on the other hand it must take into account the hegemonic conservative tendencies inherent to its society.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-02T20:06:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ MARCIANO MONTEIRO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2009..pdf: 25360236 bytes, checksum: 4c6b3e5f7855e597f161ebfedad4e947 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T20:06:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ MARCIANO MONTEIRO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2009..pdf: 25360236 bytes, checksum: 4c6b3e5f7855e597f161ebfedad4e947 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03 / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar os discursos e as práticas que permitiram a perpetuação do poder local da família Ernesto-Rêgo no município de Queimadas – PB. Analisa o exercício do domínio político por mais de quatro gerações no município e as razões pelas quais a política queimadense, desde o seu processo de emancipação, tem apresentado em suas disputas eleitorais ao cargo executivo, uma forte presença e definindo, a seu favor, a continuidade do poder no interior do grupo familiar ou de seus prepostos. Objetiva-se responder às seguintes questões: Através de que práticas se instituíram tal dominação? Qual a origem genealógica dessa família e seus ramos parentais? Quais as formas ou maneiras dessas famílias realizarem as ações políticas locais? Para responder a estas questões, em termos metodológicos, fez-se uso do trabalho de campo e da história oral, recorrendo principalmente, à memória, através de entrevistas abertas; outra fonte de pesquisa foram os jornais, vídeos e pesquisa bibliográfica. E como fio teórico condutor da análise, a abordagem de Pierre Bourdieu, a partir de sua proposta de Sociologia da Prática, pautada na noção de campo, habitus e capitais, atravessa todo o texto analítico. O texto assim, discorre sobre a genealogia desta família, tentando compreender os capitais que, historicamente, foram sendo construídos. E associado a isto, a dominação política que esta família foi exercendo através dos capitais construídos historicamente e das práticas e ações desenvolvidas localmente. Capitais estes que estão relacionados ao “nome da família”, a posse de terras, as práticas e ações que dizem respeito às relações de compadrio e as trocas de favores na sociedade queimadense. Desta feita, constatou-se que a dominação política local se estabelece a partir das ações de dependência construídas por aqueles que são detentores de um maior quantum de capital possível em relação àqueles que são desprovidos de capital. Fato que permite concluir que a dominação política exercida por esta família a partir das relações de compadrio e das relações de favores, é quem constroem os laços sentimentais e pragmáticos que ligam as pessoas à liderança, e a dependência política se traduz na triste frase “eu devo favor”, o que significa uma forma de gratidão, uma dívida cujo preço é a fidelidade sem limites, que pode resultar na possibilidade constante de subordinação pessoal e familiar, ou seja, na mais profunda violência simbólica. / The present dissertation objectives to analyze the discourses and the practices that allowed the perpetuation of local power of the family Ernesto-Rêgo in the city of Queimadas - PB. Analyzes the exercise of politic domain extended for more than four generations in the city and the reasons why politic of Queimadas, since its process of emancipation, has presented on its electoral disputes for executive loads, an strong presence and defined on its favor, the continuity of power in the interior of familiar groups or its functionaries. We objective to answer the following questions: Which practices instituted this domination? What are the genealogic origin of this family and its parental branches? How does this family realizes local politic actions? To answer these questions, in methodological terms, we did a camp work and oral history, appealing mainly to memory, through open interviews; another font of researches were the newspapers, videos and bibliographic research. And conducing this analyze, the boarding of Pierre Bourdieu, from his propose of Sociology of Practice, following the notions of campo, habitus e capitais, pass through the analytic text. The text discuss about the genealogy of this family, trying to understand the capitais that historically, were being build. And, associated to this, the politic domination that this family was doing through capitals historically constructed and the practices and actions developed locally. These capitals are related to “family name”, land ownership, the practices and actions that are related to proximal relationships and exchanged favors on the society. We contacted that local politic domination is established from actions of dependency built for those who detain the biggest quantity of possible capital in relation to that who are disproved of that. Fact that allows to conclude that politic domination exerted for this family of proximal relationships and favors relationships, build sentimental bows and pragmatics that link people to leadership, and political dependency is traduced in the sad statement: “I must reattribute a favor”, what means a way of gratitude, one bill that price is the fidelity without limits, that can result on the possibility of personal subordination and familiar, that is, the deepest symbolic violence.