Th. univ.--Lettres--Paris 1, 1992.

Thesis--Göttingen. / Cover title. Vita. Bibliography: p. 118-119.

This thesis focuses on the communities of medieval Beguines who lived in the cities of the French Flanders region. In the context of the individual cities and communities of Beguines, the thesis deals with selected written and material sources, whose language of testimony and symbolism is subjected to critical reading and analysis from the point of view of the semiology of medieval culture, gender relations and social ties. The result is the synthesis of these contextual, methodological, and narrative perspectives into a comprehensive idea of Beguines of the French Flanders.

Disease is not a unique or singular phenomenon. The medical literature contains multiple reports discussing disease interactions and co-occurrence which remains an important issue. Despite this, there has been no systematic investigation of disease co-occurrence in paleopathology. This thesis will begin to fill the gap by producing a detailed analysis of the pathological indicators for scurvy, rickets, and their co-occurrence, focussing on features of co-occurrence and their identification. The Collégiale Saint-Amé collection from 16th to 18th century Douai, France includes 48 individuals ranging from fetal to five years of age. Previous research indicated a large number of potential cases of scurvy and rickets in the juveniles (Devriendt et al. 2010). The current study identified 12 cases of possible co-occurrence based on macroscopic, radiographic, and microscopic techniques; biocultural and historical data supported disease presence. Macroscopic results indicate that lesions associated with scurvy are identifiable and the vascular system is not known to be directly affected by rickets. Rickets features are present but changes are subtle and reduced in prevalence. Radiographs demonstrate features of both diseases but the presence or absence of the line of Fraenkel, a scurvy feature, was useful in identifying the likely dominant disease process. Diagenetic change significantly impacted microscopic investigations but the technique provided some supporting evidence for the presence of rickets. The results clearly demonstrate that cases of co-occurrence of scurvy and rickets are present and identifiable in the archaeological record. Important factors for recognition include the sequence in which conditions develop and duration of illness. Presently only cases with moderately or better developed features of both scurvy and rickets can be identified. Use of multiple techniques was critical to observe subtle changes and build a case for disease presence. Further research on co-occurrence of any diseases is encouraged to create a fuller understanding of past disease. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Ce travail a pour objectif de faire le point sur les connaissances concernant Robert de Sorbon. Le cursus scolaire du personnage peut admettre de nouvelles filières par le constat d'une fréquente présence de l'ordre de Prémontré autour du village de Sorbon. La seule date qui soit vraiment assurée est l'année de sa mort en 1274, la tradition de fixer sa naissance en 1201 remontant au XVIIe siècle. La plus grande partie de sa vie reste dans l'ombre jusqu'en 1249. Robert de Sorbon n'est pas d'origine paysanne malgré la remarque de Joinville. L'étude des actes du cartulaire permet de comprendre les méthodes et les personnes soutenant la fondation de la Sorbonne. Celle-ci n'est pas, dans les premiers documents (actes et statuts), décrite comme une institution charitable, mais comme une maison de formation pour Séculiers, répondant aux attentes des chanoines des chapitres du nord du royaume, concurrencés alors par les succès des ordres mendiants au sortir de la polémique universitaire. Les écrits pénitentiels de Robert sont connus depuis plusieurs siècles et un regain d'intérêt récent a multiplié les éditions et surtout des sermons : un premier inventaire de ses écrits était donc nécessaire. On étudie ensuite quelques textes des manuscrits de la collection de l'auteur et une version inédite de son traité le plus connu, le De Conscientia pour repérer les techniques utilisées par Robert de Sorbon, sa langue, ses idées, les exempla utilisés et les liens entre les différentes œuvres. Ainsi, sont mises en évidence les différentes facettes d'une même personnalité qui accompagne la croissance de l'Université parisienne. / This work aims to gather knowledge concerning Robert de Sorbon. Thus the curriculum of character can admit new ways by finding frequent presence on the order of Premontre around the village of Sorbon. The only guaranteed date is the year of his death in 1274, while the habit of fixing his birth in 1201 did not appear until the seventeenth century. Much of his life is rather obscure until 1249. Robert de Sorbon is defenitly not of peasant origin whatever said Joinville. Studying acts of the cartulary helps to understand the methods used and also to know the people supporting the foundation of the Sorbonne. At the beginning, the domus is not described as a charitable institution but as a formation House for Secular and it links up the expectations of the canons of chapters from the northern kingdom of France, then competed for the success of the mendicant orders after the university polemic. The pentiential writings of Robert are knomn for centuries but a recent surge of interest has multiplied editions of texts and especially sermons : an initial inventory of his works was necessary. We study thereafter some texts of the personal collection of sermons and a manuscript known to contain a new version of its best-known treaty, De Conscientia to understand the techniques used by Robert de Sorbon, language, ideas, exempla used and the links between different works. So, are highlighted the different facets of the same personality during the growth of the parisian University.