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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Hur man kan återvinna befintliga plåtfasader till nya fasader ur ett Cradle to Cradle perspektiv : Från slätplåt till perforerad plåt / How to recycle existing sheet metal facades to new facades from a Cradle to Cradle perspective : From plain sheet to perforated sheet

Seradji, Shabnam, Ayata, Kübra January 2013 (has links)
Idag, nästan 40 år efter att Miljonprogrammet stod klart, är renovering och ombyggnation av fastigheterna högaktuellt. White Arkitekter har som ett led i detta tilldelats ett renoverings- och ombyggnadsprojekt i Norra Stockholm som innefattar två fastigheter uppförda under Miljonprogrammet. Detta examensarbete behandlar återvinning av de befintliga plåtfasaderna på ovannämnda fastigheter. White Arkitekter vill undersöka möjligheterna att genom återvinning använda ursprungsmassan för tillverkning av nya fasader i perforerad plåt till samma fastigheter. Syftet är att redovisa materialets livscykel med hänsyn till miljön samtidigt som anknytningen till Miljonprogrammet bevaras. För att besvara frågeställning har en bit av fasadplåten undersökts i syfte att identifiera plåtmaterialet. Genom att ta reda på plåtens densitet har aluminium fastställts som material. Kontakt har tagits med flertalet företag som är involverade i återvinningsprocessen – från slätplåt till perforerad plåt. I rapporten redovisas alla aktörer och steg i processen. Idén grundas på Cradle to Cradle som är en teori utvecklad av den tyske kemisten Michael Braungart och den amerikanske arkitekten William McDonough. Teorins grundtanke baseras på att eliminera avfall som koncept och istället se det som näring till antingen teknologiska- eller biologiska processer. Aluminium och andra metaller är exempel på material i den teknologiska cykeln. Med dagens återvinningsprocesser förlorar de dock sitt värde och kan inte användas till samma syfte. Återvinning av aluminium besparar dessutom hela 95 % av den energi som åtgår vid tillverkning av primäraluminium. Då Cradle to Cradle ännu inte fått någon större genomslagskraft i Sverige har flera hinder stötts på. I rapporten framgår att det inte finns något smältverk i Sverige som separerar olika aluminiumlegeringar från varandra. Allt aluminium som återvinns i Sverige blir i slutändan till gjutgods. För att nå önskade resultat och påvisa den faktiska möjligheten med projektet kontaktades ett skrotbaserat smält- och valsverk i Norge. Sammanfattningsvis är projektet fullt genomförbart både i teorin och i praktiken, det gäller bara att hitta rätt samarbetspartners. / Approximately 40 years since the completion of the Swedish Million Programme, renovation and rebuilding of the real estates are highly prioritized. White Architects has been assigned a renovation and rebuilding project in Northern Stockholm which encompasses two real estates completed during the Million Programme. This thesis examines the recycling of existing sheet metal facades on the mentioned properties. White Architects want to explore the possibilities of using the original material to produce new facades through recycling. The aim is to present the material’s lifecycle, while considering environmental conditions, in connection to the Million Programme. To answer the question at hand, a sample of the sheeting has been investigated in order to identify the material. The material has been determined as aluminum through the identification of the plate’s density. A number of companies, which have been involved in the recycling process of going from plain sheet to perforated sheet, have been contacted. This thesis presents the different stakeholders and stages in the recycling process. The idea is based on Cradle to Cradle which is a theory developed by the German chemist Michael Braungart and American architect William McDonough. The theory's basic concept is based on eliminating waste by seeing waste as fuel for technological or biological processes. Aluminium and other metals are examples of materials that can be used in the technological cycle. With today's recycling processes they lose their value and cannot be reused for the same purposes. Recycling aluminum saves up to as much as 95% of the energy which is consumed in the primary production. When the Cradle to Cradle theory had yet to have any significant impact in Sweden, several obstacles were encountered. This report shows that there is no smelter in Sweden which separates the different aluminum alloys. All aluminum recycled in Sweden will end up as castings. To achieve the desired results and demonstrate the real possibility of the project, a scrap based smelting and rolling mill in Norway was contacted. To summarize, the project is entirely feasible both in theory and in practice, as long as the right collaboration partners are involved.
2

Avaliação ambiental dos resíduos sólidos oriundos da produção de couros no Rio Grande do Sul

Metz, Lisiane Emilia Grams 26 September 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-02-08T12:23:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lisiane Emilia Grams Metz_.pdf: 3506520 bytes, checksum: 266b7740d5048d4c8dd4468eeaa7853a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-08T12:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lisiane Emilia Grams Metz_.pdf: 3506520 bytes, checksum: 266b7740d5048d4c8dd4468eeaa7853a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-26 / Tecnosinos / SENAI / O Rio Grande do Sul concentra cerca de um terço das unidades produtivas de couro do Brasil, e portanto exerce uma papel importantíssimo neste setor. A produção de couro acabado ocorre a partir das peles obtidas nos frigoríficos e se dá pelo uso de grande volume de água e de uma ampla gama de produtos químicos associados a diversas operações mecânicas e gera, além do produto desejado, diversos tipos de resíduos, causando impactos ambientais significativos. Os resíduos sólidos gerados destacam-se pelo volume e potencial poluidor. Os empreendimentos gaúchos são obrigados a emitir e submeter regularmente, ao órgão ambiental licenciador, relatórios dos resíduos sólidos gerados e destinados, no entanto, não há a disponibilidade da informação das tipologias e da quantidade de resíduos sólidos gerados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sendo que o último inventário publicado data de 2002. O conhecimento a cerca da geração e destinação dos resíduos é de suma importância para subsidiar a tomada de decisões sobre o assunto, seja com relação à formação de políticas públicas, seja para a priorização de investimentos ou para definição de áreas para empreender esforços técnicos e científicos. A avaliação ambiental do gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos oriundos da produção de couros no Rio Grande do Sul consiste de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, formando um estudo de caso do gerenciamento de resíduos do setor coureiro do estado. Este trabalho inclui uma breve apresentação do processo de produção de couros, os aspectos e impactos ambientais oriundos deste, os resíduos sólidos gerados e as tecnologias de tratamento e destinação final dos mesmos, com ênfase nas formas de valorização mediante a reutilização e processos de reciclagem, upcycling e downcycling, com a geração de possíveis subprodutos e coprodutos. Aborda ainda, as premissas do gerenciamento de resíduos, os requisitos legais e as oportunidades de Produção Mais Limpa aplicáveis ao gerenciamento de resídos sólidos. A partir do Sistema de Gerenciamento e Controle de Resíduos Sólidos Industriais – SIGECORS de 2013 e 2014 (FEPAM, 2016A) foi verfificado a geração anual de 112.642,5 toleladas de resíduos, mais 129.107,3 metros cúbicos de resíduos e mais 88.877 unidades (embalagens e lâmpadas), sendo que a geração de resíduos perigosos foi ligeiramente inferior a de não perigosos. Os principais resíduos sólidos gerados, em termos quantitativos, são os oriundos dos sistemas de controle de poluição (principalmente lodos de estações de tratamento de efluentes), seguidos dos resíduos de couro (basicamente curtidos ao cromo) e dos resíduos oriundos das peles (de processos antes do curtimento). No que se refere a resíduos não perigosos – Classe II, foi verificado que a prática dos processos de reciclagem, upcycling e downcycling, resultando em coprodutos e subprodutos, atingiu um desempenho superior a 95%. Quanto aos resíduos perigosos - Classe I, o nível de aproveitamento foi menor (no entanto bem superior ao padrão registrado em 2002) sendo que o lodo gerado nas estações de tratamento de efluentes é o resíduo mais problemático do setor, não havendo ainda uma alternativa de aproveitamento disponível. Por meio da avaliação ambiental realizada conclui-se que o diferencial ambiental do setor no RS está na aplicação sistêmica de processos de valorização de resíduos, incluindo a reutilização de resíduos, a prática de upcycling, transformando resíduos em coprodutos, a reciclagem, e a prática de downcyclig, transformando resíduos em subprodutos. / Rio Grande do Sul state concentrates around one third of productive leather units in Brasil, which has a significant role in this sector. Finished leather production starts with the skins obtained from slaughterhouse and consumes a large amount of water and a great number of chemical products, combined with different mechanical operations. It results not just in the desired product, but also in different kinds of waste, causing significant environmental impacts. Among the produced wastes, solid ones stand out, mainly due to its large amount and their pollutant potential. Even though enterprises from Rio Grande do Sul are forced to regularly issue and submit a report on produced and allocated solid waste to the environmental commission agency, there is not available information about typologies and solid waste produced in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and the last inventory dated 2002. Knowledge about waste production and its disposal is very importance in order to support decision making on the present subject, either to create public policy and decide where to invest, or to define in which areas technical and scientific efforts must be performed. Management environmental evaluation of solid waste from leather production in Rio Grande do Sul consists in a qualitative and quantitative exploratory research, creating a case study about the leather sector management in the state. This dissertation includes a brief presentation on leather production process, its aspects and environmental impacts, the solid waste generated, treatment technologies and its final disposal, with emphasis on forms of recovery through recycling processes, upcycling and down cycling, considering the generation of possible byproducts and coproducts for the leather industry. It also addresses waste management assumptions, legal requirements and applicable opportunities from Cleaner Production to solid waste management. From “Sistema de Gerenciamento e Controle de Resíduos Sólidos Industriais” – SIGECORS of 2013 and 2014 (FEPAM, 2016A) it was observed an annual generation of 112,642.5 tons plus 129,107.3 cubic meters of waste. In addition, it was found a generation of 88,877 units (packaging and light bulbs), and the dangerous waste production was slightly lower than the non dangerous ones. The main solid wastes generated, in quantitative terms, come from pollution control systems (especially sludge from effluent treatment stations), followed by leather wastes (basically tanned via chromium) and by wastes from skins (in processes performed before tanning). About non dangerous wastes – Class II, it was found that recycling practices, upcycling and down cycling, which results in coproducts and byproduct, achieved a performance higher than 95%. About the dangerous wastes – Class I, the reclamation was lower (however much higher than the registered standard in 2002) and the produced sludge from effluent treatment stations is the most problematic waste in the sector. There is not yet an available alternative to recycling. By the environmental evaluation performed, it is concluded that environmental differential in this sector in Rio Grande do Sul is in the systemic application of waste appreciation processes, which includes reuse of waste, upcycling execution, transforming waste in coproducts, recycling, and down cycling execution, transforming waste in byproducts.

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