Os romances Maps, Gifts e Secrets, pertencentes à trilogia Blood in the sun do escritor somali Nuruddin Farah, apresentam duas camadas narrativas em suas composições: uma dada pelos eventos ficcionais que ocorrem quando os personagens estão despertos e a outra pelos inúmeros sonhos inseridos neles. No espaço da vida de vigília, os protagonistas dessas obras experimentam uma grande imobilidade, estando impossibilitados de alterar a realidade política de seu país, a Somália, e de efetivamente transformar suas próprias vidas. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar que a experiência onírica proporciona, então, uma compensação para a inatividade a que estão condenados. Os sonhos são considerados como lugares especiais de experiência, como cronotopos diferenciados que contestam e invertem o que os personagens vivenciam no mundo dito real. As narrativas oníricas presentes nesses romances operam em dissonância em relação ao restante do que é narrado, oferecendo soluções ficcionais que ainda não parecem possíveis nas outras partes da narração. Dessa forma, o foco da análise se volta para o estudo da estrutura dessas narrativas oníricas, concomitantemente com o procedimento de conferir aos seus signos significados que condigam com o contexto cultural, social e político em que vivem os seus personagens. / The novels Maps, Gifts and Secrets, which belong to the trilogy Blood in the sun by Somali writer Nuruddin Farah, present two narrative levels: one given by the fictional events that take place when the characters are fully awake and the other by the numerous dreams inserted in them. In the space of vigil, the protagonists in these works experience great immobility, being unable to change the political reality of their country, Somalia, and effectively transform their own lives. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the dream experience provides, then, a form of compensation for the inactivity to which they are doomed. Dreams are considered special places of experience, as different chronotopoi that contest and invert what the characters undergo in the so called real world. The dream narratives that are present in these novels operate in dissonance with the rest of what is being narrated, offering fictional solutions that still do not seem to be possible in other parts of the narrative. Thus, the focus of the analysis turns to the study of the structure of these dream narratives, together with the procedure of giving meanings to their signs that match with the cultural, social and political context in which their characters live.

Os romances Maps, Gifts e Secrets, pertencentes à trilogia Blood in the sun do escritor somali Nuruddin Farah, apresentam duas camadas narrativas em suas composições: uma dada pelos eventos ficcionais que ocorrem quando os personagens estão despertos e a outra pelos inúmeros sonhos inseridos neles. No espaço da vida de vigília, os protagonistas dessas obras experimentam uma grande imobilidade, estando impossibilitados de alterar a realidade política de seu país, a Somália, e de efetivamente transformar suas próprias vidas. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar que a experiência onírica proporciona, então, uma compensação para a inatividade a que estão condenados. Os sonhos são considerados como lugares especiais de experiência, como cronotopos diferenciados que contestam e invertem o que os personagens vivenciam no mundo dito real. As narrativas oníricas presentes nesses romances operam em dissonância em relação ao restante do que é narrado, oferecendo soluções ficcionais que ainda não parecem possíveis nas outras partes da narração. Dessa forma, o foco da análise se volta para o estudo da estrutura dessas narrativas oníricas, concomitantemente com o procedimento de conferir aos seus signos significados que condigam com o contexto cultural, social e político em que vivem os seus personagens. / The novels Maps, Gifts and Secrets, which belong to the trilogy Blood in the sun by Somali writer Nuruddin Farah, present two narrative levels: one given by the fictional events that take place when the characters are fully awake and the other by the numerous dreams inserted in them. In the space of vigil, the protagonists in these works experience great immobility, being unable to change the political reality of their country, Somalia, and effectively transform their own lives. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the dream experience provides, then, a form of compensation for the inactivity to which they are doomed. Dreams are considered special places of experience, as different chronotopoi that contest and invert what the characters undergo in the so called real world. The dream narratives that are present in these novels operate in dissonance with the rest of what is being narrated, offering fictional solutions that still do not seem to be possible in other parts of the narrative. Thus, the focus of the analysis turns to the study of the structure of these dream narratives, together with the procedure of giving meanings to their signs that match with the cultural, social and political context in which their characters live.

Résumé: Ce mémoire consiste en une étude du récit de rêve chez deux auteurs qui ont fait partie du mouvement surréaliste dans leur jeunesse littéraire : Michel Leiris et Raymond Queneau. Dans ce travail, on tente d’une part de décrire la poétique du rêve chez Leiris et Queneau, par diverses analyses qui empruntent surtout à la narratologie et à la linguistique textuelle. D’autre part, nous mesurons la part d’influence du surréalisme dans la conception du rêve de chacun des deux auteurs. Le premier chapitre présente la conception surréaliste du rêve, plus particulièrement celle d’André Breton, telle qu’elle est exposée dans le premier Manifeste du surréalisme et dans les Vases communicants. Cette synthèse est suivie de l’analyse de quelques récits de rêve de Breton issus du recueil Clair de terre, et du périodique la Révolution surréaliste. Les deuxième et troisième chapitres abordent l’écriture du rêve chez Leiris et Queneau. On étudie d’abord les récits de rêve écrits alors que ces auteurs appartenaient au mouvement surréaliste (1924-1929). Ces textes se trouvent dans leurs journaux intimes et dans la revue la Révolution surréaliste. Sont ensuite étudiées certaines œuvres écrites après la période surréaliste qui contiennent des récits de rêve ou qui exploitent le rêve comme structure narrative. Par ces analyses, ce mémoire tente de montrer la contribution du travail sur le rêve à l’élaboration de la poétique personnelle des auteurs Leiris et Queneau. Mots clefs : récit de rêve, Michel Leiris, Raymond Queneau, surréalisme, littérature française. / Abstract: This memoir consists in a study of dream narratives made by two authors who belonged to the surrealist movement in their youth : Michel Leiris and Raymond Queneau. For one, we will describe the dream poetics by Leiris and Queneau, with different analyses on narrative styles and textual linguistics. Secondly, we will determine how much the surrealism influenced each author in his conception of the dream. The first chapter presents the surrealist conception of the dream, particularly with André Breton, as detailed in the first Manifeste du Surréalisme and in Les Vases Communicants. This synthesis is followed by the analysis of some dream narratives by Breton from Clair de Terre and from La Révolution Surréaliste. The second and third chapters are devoted to Leiris and Queneau’s writing of dreams. We will first study their dream narratives as they were part of the surrealist movement (1924-1929). These texts are found in their personal journals and in the publication La Révolution Surréaliste. After, we go through and compare some texts written after the surrealist period that contain dream narratives or use the dream as a narrative structure. With these analyses, this memoir tries to demonstrate the contribution of the dreams and the elaboration of the poetics styles of Leiris and Queneau. Key words : dream narrative, Michel Leiris, Raymond Queneau, surrealism, french litterature.

Résumé: Ce mémoire consiste en une étude du récit de rêve chez deux auteurs qui ont fait partie du mouvement surréaliste dans leur jeunesse littéraire : Michel Leiris et Raymond Queneau. Dans ce travail, on tente d’une part de décrire la poétique du rêve chez Leiris et Queneau, par diverses analyses qui empruntent surtout à la narratologie et à la linguistique textuelle. D’autre part, nous mesurons la part d’influence du surréalisme dans la conception du rêve de chacun des deux auteurs. Le premier chapitre présente la conception surréaliste du rêve, plus particulièrement celle d’André Breton, telle qu’elle est exposée dans le premier Manifeste du surréalisme et dans les Vases communicants. Cette synthèse est suivie de l’analyse de quelques récits de rêve de Breton issus du recueil Clair de terre, et du périodique la Révolution surréaliste. Les deuxième et troisième chapitres abordent l’écriture du rêve chez Leiris et Queneau. On étudie d’abord les récits de rêve écrits alors que ces auteurs appartenaient au mouvement surréaliste (1924-1929). Ces textes se trouvent dans leurs journaux intimes et dans la revue la Révolution surréaliste. Sont ensuite étudiées certaines œuvres écrites après la période surréaliste qui contiennent des récits de rêve ou qui exploitent le rêve comme structure narrative. Par ces analyses, ce mémoire tente de montrer la contribution du travail sur le rêve à l’élaboration de la poétique personnelle des auteurs Leiris et Queneau. Mots clefs : récit de rêve, Michel Leiris, Raymond Queneau, surréalisme, littérature française. / Abstract: This memoir consists in a study of dream narratives made by two authors who belonged to the surrealist movement in their youth : Michel Leiris and Raymond Queneau. For one, we will describe the dream poetics by Leiris and Queneau, with different analyses on narrative styles and textual linguistics. Secondly, we will determine how much the surrealism influenced each author in his conception of the dream. The first chapter presents the surrealist conception of the dream, particularly with André Breton, as detailed in the first Manifeste du Surréalisme and in Les Vases Communicants. This synthesis is followed by the analysis of some dream narratives by Breton from Clair de Terre and from La Révolution Surréaliste. The second and third chapters are devoted to Leiris and Queneau’s writing of dreams. We will first study their dream narratives as they were part of the surrealist movement (1924-1929). These texts are found in their personal journals and in the publication La Révolution Surréaliste. After, we go through and compare some texts written after the surrealist period that contain dream narratives or use the dream as a narrative structure. With these analyses, this memoir tries to demonstrate the contribution of the dreams and the elaboration of the poetics styles of Leiris and Queneau. Key words : dream narrative, Michel Leiris, Raymond Queneau, surrealism, french litterature.

Cette thèse propose une approche globale des Déserts de l’Amour de Rimbaud. Étant donné les nombreuses incertitudes véhiculées par l’œuvre, une étude de son manuscrit autographe s’impose tout d’abord, étude visant à établir l’ordre des feuillets, l’établissement du texte, la date de transcription par une expertise en écritures, mais encore à évaluer son degré d’achèvement, l’éventualité de détenir en l’état un manuscrit complet et déterminer enfin l’auteur de la numérotation atypique des feuillets. L’approche générique, après être revenue sur la notion même de genre et ses implications, s’appliquera à définir le caractère générique du récit de rêve puis problématisera le genre formel des Déserts de l’Amour à partir d’une réflexion sur le poème en prose. Dans le souci d’une approche générique contextuelle seront abordés plusieurs auteurs représentatifs de nos deux genres (Nodier, Bertrand, Nerval) et plus particulièrement le Baudelaire des Petits Poëmes en prose. Nous proposerons enfin une lecture, un commentaire littéraire détaillé des Déserts de l’Amour. / This thesis proposes a global approach to The Deserts of Love. Given the many uncertainties surrounding this text, the prerequisite for its analysis is the exploration of Rimbaud’s manuscript, to prove the order of the folios, to provide an accurate text, to establish its date of transcription by a diachronic study of the poet’s handwriting ; the ambition is also to judge the extent to which this is a finished work, whether the known text is complete and, lastly, to determine the source of the untypical numbering of the folios. After examining the concept of genre and its implications, the generic approach will seek to define the generic status of the dream narrative and then problematise the formal genre of The Deserts of Love on the basis of a reflexion on the subject of the prose poem. The need to contextualise this generic approach requires the analysis of several representative authors in the two generic fields involved (Nodier, Bertrand, Nerval) and in particular of the Baudelaire of the Petits Poëmes en prose. The thesis concludes with a detailed literary commentary of The Deserts of Love.