A context-aware computing system is one that can deduce the state of its surroundings using input from sensors and can change its behaviour accordingly. Context-aware devices might personalise themselves to their current user, alter their functionality based on where they were being used, or take advantage of nearby computing and communications resources. Location-aware systems, whose behaviour is determined by the positions of objects in the environment, represent a practical subset of the context-aware computing paradigm, and several systems of this nature have already been demonstrated. The location sensors used by those systems, however, report the positions of objects to only a room-scale granularity, limiting the extent to which devices and applications can adapt to their surroundings. Sensor technologies that can provide more detailed information about the locations of objects must therefore be investigated. This dissertation describes a new ultrasonic location sensor, which may be deployed in indoor environments such as offices and homes. The sensor can provide fine-grain , three-dimensional position and orientation information, and its characteristics are well suited to the demands of location-aware computing- the sensor is simple, low-powered and unobtrusive. Furthermore, the location system is scalable, in both the number of objects that it can track and the volume within which they may be monitored. A thorough assessment of the sensor's performance is presented in the dissertation, so that location-aware applications can be tailored to its properties. Subsequently, a software architecture that can efficiently distribute finegrain location information to applications is described. The software system provides support for the types of query that will be made frequently by location-aware applications, such as those concerning the spatial relationships between objects and their proximity to one another. The dissertation concludes by examining the use of the ultrasonic location sensor and software architecture to implement a set of novel location-aware applications.

In this thesis, we present an abstract meta-model for model driven development of web applications targeting multiple platforms. We review the existing technologies and the related work in order to obtain a list of requirements for such an abstract model. The abstract model is built by extending an existing UML-based model for web applications. We demonstrate that it is possible to map this abstract model to more than one specific development platform by providing transformations for these mappings. We also lay out the general outline of a model-driven process based on the proposed abstract model. The abstract model and the model-driven process are supported by a set of tools, case studies and a visual modeling notation. Model-driven techniques have been used in the area of web development to a great extent. Most of the existing approaches are tuned toward specific platforms or develop only certain parts of web applications. These approaches generally use meta-models adapted to their targeted platforms. In order to flexibly target multiple platforms, the level of abstraction of the meta-model must be raised. Such a meta-model must allow the description of relevant features of web applications independently from the specificities of specific platforms. Additionally, transformations mapping from abstract to specific web descriptions must be expressible in a flexible way. In this thesis, we propose such an abstract meta-model. Mappings that transform abstract models to specific platforms are also presented. Different benefits can be foreseen from this approach. By relieving developers from low-level platform-specific related design, the approach has the potential to shift the development task to issues related to business needs. Another benefit is shortened development time. This could help web developers to overcome the problem of schedule delays, which is recognized as one of the top five most-cited problems with large-scale web systems. The approach is specifically suitable for information-intensive web-based systems. These applications typically involve large data stores accessed through a web interface. A distinctive aspect of this approach is its use of a specification of the data mapping as part of its high-level input. More importantly, the common features required to process data and communicate data objects between different layers and components are targeted.

In this thesis the solutions of the two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) lid-driven cavity problem are obtained by solving the steady Navier-Stokes equations at high Reynolds numbers. In 2D, we use the streamfunction-vorticity formulation to solve the problem in a square domain. A numerical method is employed to discretize the problem in the x and y directions with a spectral collocation method. The problem is coded in the MATLAB programming environment. Solutions at high Reynolds numbers are obtained up to $Re=25000$ on a fine grid of 131 * 131. The same method is also used to obtain the numerical solutions for the steady separated corner flow at high Reynolds numbers are generated using a for various domain sizes, at various Reynolds number which are much higher than those obtained by other researchers.Finally, the numerical solutions for the three-dimensional lid-driven cavity problem are obtained by solving the velocity-vorticity formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations for various Reynolds numbers. A spectral collocation method is employed to discretize the y and z directions and finite difference method is used to discretize the x direction. Numerical solutions are obtained for Reynolds number up to 200.

The theme of this masters thesis are driven chaotic oscillators. The aim of this project is show the various types of driven chaotic oscillator and propose mathematical model solutions using numerical methods. In the first part of this thesis are shown theory of chaos, history of chaos theory, chaotic systems and chaos quantifiers. Next is numerical analysis of differential equations second order by Runge-Kutta fourth order method. Next part contains circuit blocks and synthesis of oscillators. In next part are defined all types of oscillators. Parameters of analysis, equations, circuits and simulations are defined for each type of driven chaotic oscillators. In each subchapter is design electrical circuit. This circuit is simulated and some of them realized.

Few studies have considered in detail the ethical issues surrounding research in which investigators ask community members to engage in research subject recruitment within their own communities. Peer-driven recruitment (PDR) and its variants are useful for accessing and including certain populations in research, but also have the potential to undermine the ethical and scientific integrity of community-based research. This paper examines the ethical implications of utilizing community members as recruiters of human subjects in the context of PDR, as well as the authors' experience with a variant of PDR in a research project in South Africa. The importance of situating PDR in a comprehensive community engagement process that is responsive to the constraints of science and local needs and interests is emphasized. The paper will have relevance to bioethicists, health researchers, and research regulators concerned about the appropriate use of peer-driven recruitment strategies in health research.

Submitted to the faculty of Indiana University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master in Bioinformatics In the School of Informatics, Indiana University, December 2004 / The aggregation rate of B-Lactoglobulin (BLG) was studied using turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering in the range 5.8<pH,3.5 at a fixed ionic strength of 4.5 mM, and in the range 4.5 - 500mM NACl at a fixed pH of 5.0. The initial slope of turbidity vs time curve was used to define an initial rate. The highest initial rates of aggregation were observed in the pH range 4.50 to 4.75 but the increase in aggregation rate when the pH was reduced from 5.0 to 4.69 was large compared to its decrease when the pH was reduced from pH 4.69 to 4.20; i.e. the dependence of initial rate on pH was highly asymmetric. The rate of aggregation at pH 5.0 strongly increased with decrease in ionic strength I from 100 to 4.5 mM and was found to be nearly linear with 1/ I. QELS measurements at pH 5.22 and 5.40 at I = 4.5mM revealed that particle size increased with time. Eventual appearances of bimodal distributions showed fast and slow modes corresponding to the BLG dimer and to hydrodynamic diameter 100-800 nm. Measurements at 4.0 and 4.2 indicated the consumption of dimers in the first few minutes to form higher order aggregates. Electrostatic modeling via Delphi was used to visualize the electrostatic poetnetial around the BLG dimer in order to elucidate the pH and ionic strength dependence of BLG aggregation rates. The aggregation process appears to comprise firstly an initial fast consumption of dimer, whose dependence on pH and I arises from the interaction of the positive and negative domains of interacting dimers; and secondly, the slow formation of much larger aggregates with relatively little sensitivity to pH and I. The open-ended nature of BLG aggregation is thought to arise from the asymmetry of the dimer charge distribution in the range 4.2<pH<5.2. Polyanions appear to inhibit aggregation. However, the role of polyanions in minimizing BLG aggregation was observed immediately after the addition of polyanioin to the protein. / Bioinformatics

Varje år produceras mer än 10 miljoner ton kaffe i världen (www.ico.org) och Sverige är världens näst störst kaffedrickande nation med ca 80 ton kaffe på år, vilket motsvarar i snitt 3,5 koppar kaffe per person dagligen (www.kaffeinformation.se). Med en stor produktion tillkommer också en stor mängd avfall. När kaffebönor rostas får man ett restmaterial av kaffebönans skall, så kallad kaffechaff. I denna studie undersöks om detta spillmaterial vid kafferosterier kan få ett mervärde genom material driven design. Syftet är att minska avfall och skapa ett nytt material. Arbetet rör sig i områdena materialitet och hållbar utveckling och metod används Material Driven Design method (Karana et al., 2015) samt Material Driven Design for Sustainability (Bak-Andersen, 2018). Resultatet blev tre olika biologiskt nedbrytbara material, bland annat ett som kan användas som till engångsartiklar eller förpackningsmaterial. Studien visar på möjligheter att ge mervärde på restprodukter inom kafferosteri och skulle kunna användas som möjligt underlag till att se om spill från andra industrier skulle kunna få ett mervärde. / Every year, more than 10 million tonnes of coffee are produced in the world (www.ico.org) and Sweden is the world’s second largest coffee drinking nation with about 80 tonnes of coffee a year, which corresponds to an average of 3.5 cups of coffee per person daily (www.kaffeinformation.se). With a large production there is also a large amount of waste. When coffee beans are roasted, you get a residual material from the coffee bean shell, so-called coffee chaff. In this study, this waste material are investigate whether it can get added value through material driven design. The purpose is to reduce waste and create new material. The work moves in the areas of materiality and sustainable development, and the method is the Material Driven Design method (Karana et al., 2015) and Material Driven Design for Sustainability (Bak-Andersen, 2018). The result was three biodegradable materials, including one that can be used as a disposable or packaging material. The study shows opportunities to add value to residual products within coffee roasters and could be used as a possible basis to see if waste from other industries could gain added value.

To make computational thinking appealing to young learners, initial programming instruction looks very different now than a decade ago, with the increasing use of graphics and robots both real and virtual. After the first steps, children want to create interactive programs, and they need a model for this. State diagrams provide such a model, as observed previously by other researchers. This thesis documents the design and implementation of a Model-Driven Engineering tool, SD~Draw, that allows even primary-aged children to draw and understand state diagrams, and create modifiable app templates. We have tested this with grade 4 and 5 students. In our initial test, we discovered that children very quickly understand the motivation and use of state diagrams using this tool, and will independently discover abstract states even if they are only taught to model using concrete states. To determine whether this approach is appropriate for children of this age we asked three questions: do children understand state diagrams, do they understand the role of reachability, and are they engaged by them. We found that they are able to translate between different representations of the state diagrams, strongly indicating that they do understand them. We found with confidence p=0.001 that they do understand reachability by refuting the null hypothesis that they are creating diagrams randomly. And we found that they were engaged by the concept, with many students continuing to develop their diagrams on their own time after school and on the weekend. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

No description available.

Proton sources driven by high-power lasers are a promising addition to the portfolio of conventional proton accelerators. Regarding particle cancer therapy, where tumours are irradiated with protons or ions, the novel accelerator technology can be particularly beneficial for translational research - the research branch in which results of basic research are transferred to new approaches for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The overarching aim in the thesis at hand was a translational pilot study to irradiate tumours on mice’s ears with laser-accelerated protons while achieving the quality level of conventional proton accelerators. This is the only way to compare the radiobiological data of the novel accelerator technology with those of the established ones. To enable such experiments a predetermined dose distribution according to the radiobiological model’s requirements must be delivered to a sample volume. Ergo, the laser-driven protons have to be transported and shaped after their initial acceleration. Intense laser-driven proton pulses, inherently broadband and highly divergent, pose a challenge to established beamline concepts on the path to application-adapted irradiation field formation, particularly for 3D. This work demonstrates the successful implementation of a highly efficient and tuneable pulsed dual solenoid setup to generate a homogeneous (laterally and in depth) volumetric dose distribution using only a single dose pulse from the broad laser-driven proton spectrum. The experiments using the ALBUS-2S beamline were conducted at the titanium:sapphire high-power laser Draco PW at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf. The beamline and its model were characterised and verified via independent methods, leading to first experimental studies providing volumetrically homogeneous dose distributions to detector targets as well as tumour and normal tissue in proof-of-concept studies. To perform the mouse pilot study, a new solenoid with cooling capacities was designed, characterised and implemented in the course of this thesis. The combination of the new solenoid and an overall performance improvement of the laser-proton accelerator, enabled the successful conduction of the mouse model study. The results show that laser-accelerated protons induce a comparable tumour growth delay as protons from conventional accelerators. This outcome and the demonstration of the flawless interaction between laser-proton accelerator, beam transport, dosimetry and biology qualify the laser-based accelerator technology for complex studies in translational cancer research. Looking into the future, their unique extremely high intensity renders them of particular interest for the investigation into the ultra-high dose rate regime. There, the so-called FLASH effect shows fewer side effects in normal tissue while maintaining the same effect in the tumour when the target dose is administered in milliseconds rather than minutes, as currently common. The ALBUS-2S setup at Draco PW already provides all necessary conditions to realise irradiation times of around ten nanoseconds in preclinical studies. This significantly expands the parameter space for investigating the FLASH effect and is presented as a proof-of-concept in this thesis.