During administer mobil source examine and control plan , we must estimate emission amount , curtail amount and curtail rate , to estimate the improve effection . But there has very few data of this aspect , especially real road driving pattern to calcul ate emission factory and amount . So it¡¦s necessary to proceed this aspect investigate. The investigate have two parts include driving pattern and emission factor . Determine item is CO , THC and NOx .The result of driving Ping-tung area have faster speed,longer navigate time and larger acceleration and deceleration . The result of emission factor¡GCO is 6.79 (¡Ó3.39) g/km , THC is 1.63 (¡Ó1.27) g/km and NOx is 0.13(¡Ó0.14) g/km . Idle emission CO is 1.03%(¡Ó1.19%)¡ATHC is 1400(¡Ó2138) ppm

Because of the economic development of Taiwan, population gathering and the habit of people using transports, these considerations have made vehicle grow up fast. Vehicles emitted a large amount of pollutant that has caused many air pollution occasions. The motive of this study is to understand the motorcycle driving cycle, amount of pollutant and emission factor in four areas ¡VTaipei, Taichung, Kaoshiung and Pingtung. But it is very poor on concerning study in Taiwan. It is necessary to go on the concerning investigation and to establish the driving cycle and the actual emission factor of mobile source of Taiwan. The experiment includes two parts: one is regional driving pattern that is selected by factor analysis from samples; the other is to get the concentration of the pollutant and to calculate emission factors of the one by using Dynamometer. The pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbon (THC) and nitrogen oxides (NOX). In this study, the emission factors of motorcycles of the four areas are ¡§Taipei: CO 8.24 g/km, THC 2.53 g/km, NOX 0.12 g/km, CO2 55.98 g/km, Taichung: CO 7.81 g/km, THC 2.28 g/km, NOX 0.12 g/km, CO2 54.31 g/km, Kaoshiung: CO 6.53 g/km, THC 1.62 g/km, NOX 0.13 g/km, CO2 54.03 g/km, and Pingtung: CO 6.79 g/km, THC 1.63 g/km, NOX 0.13 g/km, CO2 41.42 g/km.

Le moteur de traction ferroviaire est destiné à fonctionner dans de larges gammes de couple/vitesse. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de développer des méthodes de conception par optimisation de machines électriques pour la traction ferroviaire avec la prise en compte des cycles (missions). Puis, d'incorporer ces méthodes dans un outil informatique. Après une prise en main des modèles électromagnétiques existants et leur transfert dans le langage Matlab, des modèles thermiques transitoires ont été établis et validés par rapport aux mesures expérimentales. À partir de là, la problématique des temps de simulations prohibitifs sur cycles a été mise en évidence et des solutions de réduction de cycles ont été proposées et validées sur les différents types de cycle. Enfin, une approche de conception par optimisation en deux niveaux a été développée. Le premier niveau concerne les variables continues et le second gère les variables discrètes. / The rail traction motor is designed to operate in wide range of torque/speed performance. The main aims of this thesis is to develop methods of designing by optimization electric machines over railway driving cycle. Then, to implement these methods in a usable software. Firstly, existing electromagnetic models were transferred to Matlab and two thermal models were developed and validated by experimental measurements. The use of accurate models for the optimization over à driving cycle is highly time consuming so, after identification of this constraint, some solutions to reduce this time without losing the accuracy were proposed and validated. Finally, multi-level optimization approach has been developed for electric machine design to solve mixed integer problem. This approach takes into account the driving cycle by using the methods of cycle reduction developed during this thesis.

The automobile industry is moving fast towards Electric Vehicles (EV); however this paradigm shift is currently making its smooth transition through the phase of Hybrid Electric Vehicles. There is an ever-growing need for integration of hybrid energy sources especially for vehicular applications. Different energy sources such as batteries, ultra-capacitors, fuel cells etc. are available. Usage of these varied energy sources alone or together in different combinations in automobiles requires advanced power electronic circuits and control methodologies. An exhaustive literature survey has been carried out to study the power electronic converter, switching modulation strategy to be employed and the particular machine to be used in an EV. Adequate amount of effort has been put into designing the vehicle specifications. Owing to stronger demand for higher performance and torque response in an EV, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine has been favored over the traditional Induction Machine. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the use of a multi level inverter fed Brush Less Direct Current (BLDC) motor in a field oriented control fashion in an EV and make it follow a given drive cycle. The switching operation and control of a multi level inverter for specific power level and desired performance characteristics is investigated. The EV has been designed from scratch taking into consideration the various factors such as mass, coefficients of aerodynamic drag and air friction, tire radius etc. The design parameters are meant to meet the requirements of a commercial car. The various advantages of a multi level inverter fed PMSM have been demonstrated and an exhaustive performance evaluation has been done. The investigation is done by testing the designed system on a standard drive cycle, New York urban driving cycle. This highly transient driving cycle is particularly used because it provides rapidly changing acceleration and deceleration curves. Furthermore, the evaluation of the system under fault conditions is also done. It is demonstrated that the system is stable and has a ride-through capability under different fault conditions. The simulations have been carried out in MATLAB and Simulink, while some preliminary studies involving switching losses of the converter were done in PSIM.

This dissertation proposes an Intelligent Energy Management Agent (IEMA) for parallel hybrid vehicles. A key concept adopted in the development of an IEMA is based on the premise that driving environment would affect fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, as well as the operating modes of the vehicle and the driver behavior do. IEMA incorporates a driving situation identification component whose role is to assess the driving environment, the driving style of the driver, and the operating mode (and trend) of the vehicle using long and short term statistical features of the drive cycle. This information is subsequently used by the torque distribution and charge sustenance components of IEMA to determine the power split strategy, which is shown to lead to improved fuel economy and reduced emissions.

The content of this thesis is analysis of energy flows of the propulsion system in plug-in hybrid utility vehicle. Theoretical part of the thesis deals with electrically assisted turbochargers, which can positively influence engine characteristics. The following part analyses given diesel engine and utility vehicle in simulations in GT-Suite software, with simulations being performed on WLTC driving cycle. The results of the simulations demonstrate the relation between the usage of electrical and fuel energies and the driving cycle and show the engine operation points. By using optimal battery capacity, it is possible to save according to driving cycle more than 50 % energy consumed by the engine, directly influencing the fuel consumption. The results are possible to use as a guidance for moving the engine operation points and for sizing of the battery pack of hybrid utility vehicle according to real life application.

This diploma thesis deals with concept design of electric car with electric in-wheel motors. The designing work starts with modeling of dynamic through acceleration and range of electric car. This was necessary to choose important components. These components were placed based on given criteria. The full model of electric car was designed in program Creo Parametric. In the final chapter stress analysis via program Ansys is presented.

When further demands are placed on emissions and performance of cars, trucks and busses, the vehicle manufacturers are looking to have cheap ways to evaluate their products for specific customers' needs. Using simulation tools to quickly compare use cases instead of manually recording data is a possible way forward. However, existing traffic simulation tools do not provide enough detail in each vehicle for the driving to represent real life driving patterns with regards to road features. For the purpose of this thesis data has been recorded by having different people drive a specific route featuring highway driving, traffic lights and many curves. Using this data, models have then been estimated that describe how human drivers adjust their speed through curves, how long braking distances typically are with respect to the driving speed, and the varying deceleration during braking sequences. An additional model has also been created that produces a speed variation when driving on highways. In the end all models are implemented in Matlab using a traffic control interface to interact with the traffic simulation tool SUMO. The results of this work are promising with the improved simulation being able to replicate the most significant characteristics seen from human drivers when approaching curves, traffic lights and intersections.

La quasi-totalité des études de machines synchrones à aimants permanents (MSAP) pour les applications aux véhicules hybrides concernent les performances uniquement sur quelques points particuliers d’un cycle de fonctionnement du véhicule (le point de base, le point à grande vitesse ou le point le plus sollicité). Cependant, ces machines électriques fonctionnent souvent à différents couples et à différentes vitesses. Cette thèse s’intéresse donc à l’étude des performances de MSAP sur l’ensemble d’un cycle de fonctionnement en vue de les optimiser sur cycle. Durant cette thèse, l’auteur a contribué à développer les modèles de couple, de défluxage, de pertes cuivre et de pertes magnétiques et les méthodes de calcul de ces pertes à vide et en charge pour les quatre MSAP dont trois machines à concentration de flux et une machine à aimants en surface du rotor et pour trois cycles de fonctionnement : NEDC, Artemis-Urbain et Artemis-Routier. Une validation expérimentale de ces modèles a été effectuée sur un banc d’essai moteur avec deux prototypes de MSAP. Ensuite, les MSAP ont été dimensionnées en vue d’une minimisation des pertes sur cycle et du courant efficace du point de base. Cette combinaison a pour but d’augmenter le rendement de la machine électrique et de minimiser la dimension de l’onduleur de tension associée. Ce problème d’optimisation multi-objectif a été réalisé en utilisant l'algorithme génétique, Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). Ainsi, un Front de Pareto des solutions optimales peut être déduit. Les impacts des modèles de pertes (à vide et en charge) sur l’optimisation sur cycle des machines sont étudiés et l’intérêt de chaque modèle est présenté. Les modèles et méthodes de calcul proposés peuvent être appliqués à tous les cycles de fonctionnement, à différentes MSAP et à différentes applications. / Almost all studies of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) for for hybrid vehicle applications relate to their performances on a specific point of a driving cycle of the vehicle (the base point, the point at high speed or the most used point). However, these machines often operate at different torques and at different speeds. This thesis studies therefore PMSM performances in order to optimize during an entire driving cycle. In this thesis, the author contributed to develop models of torque, field weakening, copper losses and iron losses and methods of calculating these losses at no-load and at load for four MSAP (three concentrated flux machine and a surface mounted PMSM) and for three driving cycles (New Eurepean Driving Cycle, Artemis-Urban and Artemis-Road). An experimental validation of these models was realized on a test bench with two prototypes of MSAP. Then, the MSAP were sized for a minimization of average power losses during the cycle and of the RMS current at the base point. This combination is designed to increase the efficiency of the electrical machine and minimize the size of the associated voltage inverter. This problem of multi-objective optimization was performed using the genetic algorithm, Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). Thus, a Pareto front of optimal solutions can be derived. The impacts of loss models (at no-load and at load) on the PMSM optimization during the cycle are studied and the interest of each model is presented. Models and calculation methods proposed in this thesis can be applied to all cycles, at different MSAP and for other applications.

Master’s thesis deals with issues of controlling the amount of fuel injected by the control unit. Model of four-cylinder engine and computational model of control unit were constructed in the simulation software Lotus Engine Simulation. Then was made model checking of the control unit by simulation two transients (acceleration and shifting). In conclusion was made application a created model on the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and appropriately evaluated and processed the results of this simulation.