This research examines the current recognition and implementation of children’s socio-economic rights in Ethiopian law. Ethiopia has ratified international instruments of children’s rights, to wit, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the International Convention on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights as well as regional instruments such as the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child and these instruments are made to be part of the Ethiopian law. However, there is neither a translation nor publication of these instruments and these facts obstruct their implementation, as the working language of domestic courts is different from the language of the instruments. Ethiopia also does not incorporate children’s socio-economic rights in its Constitution. Neither does it have separate legislation on children’s rights. Despite the commitment shown by its ratification of international children’s rights instruments, Ethiopia has not yet done anything meaningful towards the realisation of children’s socio-economic rights. Mere ratification of international instruments cannot rectify the lifelong hardship of Ethiopian children without actual implementation. Hence, this dissertation discusses the incorporation of children’s socio-economic rights in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia’s Constitution, domestication of international children’s rights instruments and the lack of a separate act outlining children’s rights in the Ethiopian legal system in order to establish why current child law in Ethiopia does not solve the suffering of Ethiopian children. The current reality with regard to children’s socio-economic rights in Ethiopia is not an insurmountable hurdle. This dissertation recommends translation into the domestic working language of Ethiopian courts and publication of international children’s rights instruments in order to ease the problem regarding awareness of the laws, as well as their status and validity. Ethiopia could enact a separate act for children’s rights, as well as enshrine the socio-economic entitlements of children in its Constitution. The South African experience is also worthy of consideration. Ethiopian courts should interpret domesticated international instruments by relying on the FDRE Constitution as a legal ground. / LLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This research examines the current recognition and implementation of children’s socio-economic rights in Ethiopian law. Ethiopia has ratified international instruments of children’s rights, to wit, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the International Convention on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights as well as regional instruments such as the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child and these instruments are made to be part of the Ethiopian law. However, there is neither a translation nor publication of these instruments and these facts obstruct their implementation, as the working language of domestic courts is different from the language of the instruments. Ethiopia also does not incorporate children’s socio-economic rights in its Constitution. Neither does it have separate legislation on children’s rights. Despite the commitment shown by its ratification of international children’s rights instruments, Ethiopia has not yet done anything meaningful towards the realisation of children’s socio-economic rights. Mere ratification of international instruments cannot rectify the lifelong hardship of Ethiopian children without actual implementation. Hence, this dissertation discusses the incorporation of children’s socio-economic rights in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia’s Constitution, domestication of international children’s rights instruments and the lack of a separate act outlining children’s rights in the Ethiopian legal system in order to establish why current child law in Ethiopia does not solve the suffering of Ethiopian children. The current reality with regard to children’s socio-economic rights in Ethiopia is not an insurmountable hurdle. This dissertation recommends translation into the domestic working language of Ethiopian courts and publication of international children’s rights instruments in order to ease the problem regarding awareness of the laws, as well as their status and validity. Ethiopia could enact a separate act for children’s rights, as well as enshrine the socio-economic entitlements of children in its Constitution. The South African experience is also worthy of consideration. Ethiopian courts should interpret domesticated international instruments by relying on the FDRE Constitution as a legal ground. / LLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Au lendemain du Compromis de 1867, l’administration ministérielle de Budapest répond à un double héritage. Elle hérite d’un côté de l’« administration noble » des comitats (nobile officium de l’auto-administration des nobles dans la fonction publique élective), tandis que de l’autre, l’empreinte du néo-absolutisme rappelle la tradition de professionnalisation de l’administration centrale de l’Autriche, qui comme la Prusse organise un « fonctionnariat » dès le milieu du XVIIIe siècle. Aussi, ce double héritage structure les deux « niveaux » de l’administration : alors que l’administration régionale reste aux mains des notables locaux, une bureaucratie d’État émerge dans les institutions centrales, dont par ailleurs le personnel s’embourgeoise.Cette thèse propose une approche empirique des enjeux que recouvre le développement de l’administration centrale de l’ « ère bourgeoise » en Hongrie. Pour cela, le personnel des ministères est abordé à travers deux axes principaux : la professionnalisation de l’administration, et l’embourgeoisement de l’élite ministérielle. Une étude détaillée du recrutement social, de la formation académique et enfin des carrières des hauts fonctionnaires de l’administration ministérielle apporte un nouvel éclairage à ces questions. Par-delà le lustre des bals de cours, des cérémonies officielles et des casinos de la capitale, c’est bien ces aspects que s’efforce de mettre à jour le présent travail, dans une démarche quantitative appuyée par des statistique descriptives. / Following the Compromise of 1867, the ministerial administration in Budapest relates to a double inheritance. On the one side, there is the « administration of the nobles » of the counties, nobile officium of the elective public service of the noble class. On the other hand, neo-absolutism manifests itself in the tradition of the professionalization of Austria’s central administration, following the steps of Prussia’s civil service model since the mid-18th century. This way the double inheritance structures the two levels of the hungarian administration: with the regional management remaining in the hands of the local nobility, and a state bureaucracy gradually becoming « gentrified », and emerging in the central institutions.The present thesis proposes an empirical approach to the major issues of the central administration’s development in Hungary of the « bourgeois era ». The study of the ministerial personnel will proceed along two main axes: the administration’s professionalization and the bourgeoisification of the ministerial elite.Descriptive statistics provided by this quantitative study shall shed new lights on the recruitment mechanisms in relation to social status, academic formation and career of the ministerial high-ranking civil servants - sterner aspects of their lives beyond the usual scintillating court balls and grand official ceremonies.

This dissertation argues that there is a set of assumptions--or a picture, in Wittgenstein's language--that influences our thinking about who we are as human beings and our relationships to the rest of the world. These assumptions have their origins in Cartesianism and function as unrecognized, unacknowledged foundations on which all of the rest of our thinking and acting takes place. My argument is that these assumptions are deeply problematic and that we need to both examine the impact of those assumptions and beginning building alternative perspectives. I draw primarily from scholars who build upon a Wittgensteinian perspective that draws upon the Philosophical investigations, On certainty, and other volumes of Wittgenstein's work that have been published since the Philosophical Investigations. These scholars include Taylor (2007), Williams (2002), Mulhall (2007), Canfield (2004, 2007), Moyal-Sharrock (2004), Travis (2006, 2007), Schatzki (1996, 2001), and Stroll (2002, 2004). Of particular interest to me is the inner-outer distinction--or in Taylor's terms, dualist sorting--of Cartesian dualism, whereby all mental processes are contained within individual human minds that are separate and distinct from the rest of the reality. Taylor, Williams, Schatzki, and other Wittgensteinian scholars argue that this assumption continues to be relatively unacknowledged and unchallenged despite a long history of philosophical challenges to the Cartesian perspective. These scholars argue that the inner-outer distinction is deeply mistaken and yet continues to have an impact on contemporary life that is both pervasive and negative. A key part of my approach builds on Taylor's (2007) argument about the connection between ontology and epistemology within the Cartesian picture. Taylor argues that we get to a new picture only by carefully investigating the influences of the Cartesian picture and then building a new perspective out of alternatives to each piece of the Cartesian picture. Canfield (2004) argues similarly, referring to this as a bottom-up approach. In this work, I look at both theoretical and applied issues within the social sciences. I investigate how a few concrete practices play out within specific contexts when considered from an alternative perspective that takes unmediated knowledge and embodied practices (Taylor, 2007), a social conception of mind (Williams, 2002), and a relational ontology (Slife, 2004) as foundational. And finally, I present specific examples drawn from the applied practices of the social sciences with a focus on the delivery of psychological services (including psychology, psychotherapy, and counseling) and the teaching of communication (including writing, speaking, and interpersonal communication). The purpose of these examples is to bring out some of the contradictions and problems that occur because of the unacknowledged assumptions of the Cartesian picture and to show the kinds of solutions that an alternative perspective can provide. My goal is to provide concrete suggestions for thinking and acting within the context of particular practices using psychotherapy and teaching as the primary sources for examples. / text