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Planaria (class Turbellaria) are the highest life forms which exhibit fission (Hyman, 1951). The laboratory planarian, Dugesia, lives in lakes, ponds, streams and springs, where it occupies bottom habitats. Fissioning is an asexual mode of reproduction. The fission plane is usually transverse, forming behind the pharynx, and separation appears to be dependent upon locomotion (Curtis, 1902). The posterior half of the worm adheres to the substratum while the anterior half continues to move forward until the worm snaps in two. Each half then regenerates the missing parts, forming two new smaller worms.

Genetic control of decapitation-induced fission in planaria is mediated by stimulator and inhibitor molecules. Resolution of the two factors was accomplished by filtration chromatography of whole planaria extract. The stimulator (M.W. 2500 to 3500) was purified with ion exchange chromatography and increases the multiple fission rate. The inhibitor (M.W. 20,000 to 50,000) is non-dialyzable, heat labile and is inactivated unless kept frozen. Storage at 4°C results in a loss of inhibitory capacity with a concomitant stimulator increase, suggesting a protein-stimulator complex as the inhibitor. In light of a demonstrated animal intercommunication system, the inhibitor-stimulator complex is hypothesized as part of a natural population control mechanism. The stimulator (long-acting) is released into the culture medium and induces an all or none response among other members of the population which are physiologically receptive. Fission inhibition (short-lived) is elicited only upon intimate animal contact and is possibly in the animal slime.

Key words: (Dugesia tigrina), ecology, bioindication, predation, Vltava, Prague The main goal of my thesis was the research of occurrence and ecology of planarians of the group Ttricladida in the Vltava River and some brooks flowing through the territory of Prague. The emphasis was given on the non-native North American species - Dugesia tigrina. The research can be divided into field surveys of population size and ecological requirements of planarians and a laboratory experiment, in which I have investigated the predation behavior of planarians. During my fieldwork, which took place from August 22th to November 11th 2009, I have found out that the Dugesia tigrina occurs only in the Vltava river, in six of the nine studied localities. During the research it was not found in the studied brooks. It chooses localities with a natural shoreline, deeper ground, rapid water and it lives in company of mainly Dugesia polychroa. It appeared at moderately polluted places. During the predation experiment, which ran from December 17th 2009 to October 20th 2010 at a temperature of 14 řC and triple repetitions in all mutual combinations of five planarian species, intraspecific cannibalism and frequent asexual reproduction of Dugesia tigrina was comfirmed. The experiment showed mainly preying of indigenous...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-11-19. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:46:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000831297.pdf: 830613 bytes, checksum: fa1703f2831e3d6345b6288ab0e519ff (MD5) / Na literatura é discutido o uso de planárias como bioindicadores de qualidade das águas, pois diferentes dos ensaios de toxicologia clássica, os animais conseguem captar efeitos de exposição a longo prazo. Atualmente, uma das técnicas de se verificar a qualidade das águas com o uso de planárias é realizando o teste cometa. Propomos uma forma alternativa para verificar a qualidade das águas utilizando planárias, a qual consiste em acompanhar o tempo de vida das mesmas inseridas em diferentes ambientes aquáticos. No estudo presente foram utilizados os dados obtidos por uma empresa que atua no ramo petroquímico e que utiliza as águas do rio Jaguari em seu processo de produção, nos quais foram aplicadas as técnicas estatísticas de análise de sobrevivência para comparar os níveis de poluentes tóxicos nos diferentes ambientes aquáticos. Também propomos um modelo de regressão para realizar inferências nos tempos de vida das planárias para os diferentes locais dos quais foram coletadas as amostras de água. O novo método proposto apresentou uma forma eficiente e de baixo custo no uso das planárias da espécie Dugesia Tigrina como bioindicadores de qualidade de águas. / In literature the use of planarians as bioindicators of water quality is discussed, because differently from classic toxicology tests, the animals are able to capture long term exposition effects. Currently, one of techniques to verify the water quality with the use of planarians is performing the comet assay. We propose a new alternative to verify the water quality by accompany lifetime planarians on different aquatic environments. In the present study we used data obtained from a petrochemical company that uses Jaguari river on its production process. Survival Analysis was used to compare the levels of toxic pollutants on different aquatic environments. We also propose a regression model to make inference in the lifetimes of planarians for the different locations from which water samples were collected. The new proposed method presented an efficient and low cost way to use planarians of Dugesia Tigrina specie as water quality bioindicators

Orientador: Miriam harumi Tsunemi / Banca: Luciana Vaz de Arruda Silveira / Banca: Diogo Francisco Rossoni / Resumo: Na literatura é discutido o uso de planárias como bioindicadores de qualidade das águas, pois diferentes dos ensaios de toxicologia clássica, os animais conseguem captar efeitos de exposição a longo prazo. Atualmente, uma das técnicas de se verificar a qualidade das águas com o uso de planárias é realizando o teste cometa. Propomos uma forma alternativa para verificar a qualidade das águas utilizando planárias, a qual consiste em acompanhar o tempo de vida das mesmas inseridas em diferentes ambientes aquáticos. No estudo presente foram utilizados os dados obtidos por uma empresa que atua no ramo petroquímico e que utiliza as águas do rio Jaguari em seu processo de produção, nos quais foram aplicadas as técnicas estatísticas de análise de sobrevivência para comparar os níveis de poluentes tóxicos nos diferentes ambientes aquáticos. Também propomos um modelo de regressão para realizar inferências nos tempos de vida das planárias para os diferentes locais dos quais foram coletadas as amostras de água. O novo método proposto apresentou uma forma eficiente e de baixo custo no uso das planárias da espécie Dugesia Tigrina como bioindicadores de qualidade de águas. / Abstract: In literature the use of planarians as bioindicators of water quality is discussed, because differently from classic toxicology tests, the animals are able to capture long term exposition effects. Currently, one of techniques to verify the water quality with the use of planarians is performing the comet assay. We propose a new alternative to verify the water quality by accompany lifetime planarians on different aquatic environments. In the present study we used data obtained from a petrochemical company that uses Jaguari river on its production process. Survival Analysis was used to compare the levels of toxic pollutants on different aquatic environments. We also propose a regression model to make inference in the lifetimes of planarians for the different locations from which water samples were collected. The new proposed method presented an efficient and low cost way to use planarians of Dugesia Tigrina specie as water quality bioindicators / Mestre

Flatworms, or planarian, have a high potential for regeneration and have been used as a model to investigate regeneration and stem cell biology for over a century. Chemicals, temperature, and seasonal factors can influence planarian regeneration. Caffeine and ethanol are two widely used drugs and their effect on flatworm regeneration was evaluated in this experiment. Non-toxic levels of caffeine, a stimulant, and ethanol, a depressant, were determined. The tails of the flatworms were removed and the regeneration stage was analyzed every 3 days for 15 days to see the effect of these drugs alone and in combination on regeneration. For day 3 and day 6, there was a significant difference between the ethanol treatment and the other treatments (positive control, caffeine treatment, and combined treatment). The ethanol treatment showed a delay in the initiation of regeneration but caught up to the other treatments by day 15.

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(理学) / 乙第12998号 / 論理博第1554号 / 新制||理||1604(附属図書館) / 32926 / (主査)教授 阿形 清和, 教授 七田 芳則, 教授 杤尾 豪人 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM