Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Ornelas Berriel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T19:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_IsadoraEckardtda_M.pdf: 2945446 bytes, checksum: 8b37a0fc3d23b46f35af76664012ca1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O objeto desta dissertação é o Diário de uma viagem ao Brasil, escrito pela britânica Maria Graham para contar sua estada no Brasil durante os anos de 1821, 1822 e 1823. O enfoque deste trabalho é no domínio britânico exercido sobre o Brasil no século XIX e em como Graham toma uma postura que defende os interesses britânicos; bem como no modo peculiar como ela narra estes fatos. Para o exame destas questões, foram realizadas as seguintes etapas: levantamento do material bibliográfico; estudo sobre a História do Brasil; análise dos referenciais teóricos; fichamento de leituras; análise sobre como os conteúdos dos livros deste corpus bibliográfico se cruzam. A relevância desta pesquisa reside no fato de que os estudos sobre Graham em geral tendem a versar sobre a riqueza subjetiva de sua narrativa, mas não analisam os aspectos políticos e históricos implicados na produção de seus textos. A autora escreveu em um momento de ebulição política em todo o mundo. A Europa estava se recuperando das guerras napoleônicas e se desvencilhando do antigo regime; as colônias da América do Sul clamavam por independência. Por fim, a Inglaterra, era a maior potência de então, e estava profundamente interessada no Brasil, a fim de ampliar suas relações comerciais. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é mostrar como este contexto aparece nos diários de viagem de Graham, com especial ênfase para o Diário de uma viagem ao Brasil, e também entender como estas circunstâncias influenciaram a produção destes textos. Concluiu-se que o olhar de Maria Graham, proveniente de uma Europa que se modernizava, lançado sobre o Brasil, enxerga um país de costumes bárbaros. Este olhar feminino traz ao leitor uma investigação sociológica rica em detalhes referentes a particularismos do cotidiano, bem como a assuntos de maior abrangência como questões de ordem política. Por fim, no que se refere a estas questões, concluiu-se que Graham não o admite abertamente, mas, defende os interesses da Inglaterra em seus escritos. Como este país estava interessado nas vantagens comerciais que o Brasil podia oferecer, seu maior interesse era conservar a unidade nacional brasileira, bem como consolidar sua independência de Portugal. / Abstract: The main object of this thesis is the Journal of a voyage to Brazil and residence there, during part of the years 1821, 1822, 1823, by the British writer Maria Graham. The focus of this thesis is on the great British influence over Brazil in the nineteenth century, on how Graham takes a position that supports British interests, as well as the manner she narrates all these facts. To analyze this, the following steps were taken: careful examination of the bibliographic material; studies about the History of Brazil; analysis of support and references regarding travel literature theory; organization of all these readings; analysis on how the contents of the books of this bibliographic corpus meet. The relevance of this research is that the studies about Graham generally tend to be about the subjective aspect of her narrative, but never about the political and historical factors implied in the production of her texts. This author wrote in a moment of political changes throughout the world. Europe was recovering from the Napoleonic wars and getting rid of the ancien régime; the colonies from South America were claiming for independence. Finally, England was the greatest power then, and was deeply interested in Brazil, to enlarge its commercial relationships. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to show how this context appears on Graham's travel books, especially on Journal of a voyage to Brazil, and also to understand how these circumstances influenced the production of her texts. We concluded that Graham's point of view, who came from a continent that was becoming more and more modern, in contact with Brazil, ends up seeing Brazil as a country with barbarian habits. This female point of view brings to the reader a detailed sociological investigation about issues related to everyday little things, as well as more important subjects such as political issues. Finally, regarding the political issues, we also concluded that although Graham does not admit it clearly, she supports the interests of Britain. Since this country was interested in the commercial advantages that Brazil could offer, its most important interest was that Brazil became an independent nation, as well as it kept its nacional unity. / Mestrado / Literatura Geral e Comparada / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

This thesis focuses on the problem of defining and designing public space in contemporary mass society. "Assembly" revaluates a cultural understanding of public space as the space of regulation, consumption and leisure, and works to find spaces of freedom, agency and action. Three iconic sites located in Toronto from three successive generations are examined: Nathan Phillips Square, the Eaton Centre and the new Dundas Square. These three sites form the primary division of the work and are respectively paired with extended critiques from three thinkers: Hannah Arendt, Jean Baudrillard, and Guy Debord. The pairings centre on Arendt's account of the "rise of the social", on Baudrillard's analysis of consumption and on Debord's dissection of the spectacle. The argument is presented in the form of an assemblage. Although the nature of this method invites each reader to construct their own meaning, this thesis grounds itself on a defined polemic. It considers public space to be marked by 1) the erosion of a clear distinction between our public and private realms, and their subsequent dissolution into the realm of the social, 2) the ideology of consumption overtaking the realm of the social, and 3) the world of the commodity replacing reality with the world of the spectacle. "Assembly" first consists of three main sections corresponding to the three sites. Each of these parts is assembled from three distinct strands: factual, theoretical and visual. The factual strand forms the main "field" of each section and is made up of selected quotations from mass media ? newspapers, public documents and websites. The theoretical strand, consisting of pointed quotations from the relevant social theorist, is threaded through the field of mass media. The visual strand comprises two elements: a postcard that marks the beginning of the section and a series of authored photographs that follows and complements the text-based assemblage. <br /><br /> Inevitably, the relationship between general social values and those of individuals is fraught. Consequently, and perhaps also inevitably, architectural design tends to reduce the manifoldness of the public realm into a homogenous and singular public space: the "whole". This thesis pursues the question of how to conciliate individual agency with collective public experience. The process and form of "Assembly" deliberately celebrates this uncertainty of design, and takes "heterogeneity" as a necessary condition of public space. That it cannot offer a comprehensive solution is, perhaps, inherent to the question.

This thesis focuses on the problem of defining and designing public space in contemporary mass society. "Assembly" revaluates a cultural understanding of public space as the space of regulation, consumption and leisure, and works to find spaces of freedom, agency and action. Three iconic sites located in Toronto from three successive generations are examined: Nathan Phillips Square, the Eaton Centre and the new Dundas Square. These three sites form the primary division of the work and are respectively paired with extended critiques from three thinkers: Hannah Arendt, Jean Baudrillard, and Guy Debord. The pairings centre on Arendt's account of the "rise of the social", on Baudrillard's analysis of consumption and on Debord's dissection of the spectacle. The argument is presented in the form of an assemblage. Although the nature of this method invites each reader to construct their own meaning, this thesis grounds itself on a defined polemic. It considers public space to be marked by 1) the erosion of a clear distinction between our public and private realms, and their subsequent dissolution into the realm of the social, 2) the ideology of consumption overtaking the realm of the social, and 3) the world of the commodity replacing reality with the world of the spectacle. "Assembly" first consists of three main sections corresponding to the three sites. Each of these parts is assembled from three distinct strands: factual, theoretical and visual. The factual strand forms the main "field" of each section and is made up of selected quotations from mass media ? newspapers, public documents and websites. The theoretical strand, consisting of pointed quotations from the relevant social theorist, is threaded through the field of mass media. The visual strand comprises two elements: a postcard that marks the beginning of the section and a series of authored photographs that follows and complements the text-based assemblage. <br /><br /> Inevitably, the relationship between general social values and those of individuals is fraught. Consequently, and perhaps also inevitably, architectural design tends to reduce the manifoldness of the public realm into a homogenous and singular public space: the "whole". This thesis pursues the question of how to conciliate individual agency with collective public experience. The process and form of "Assembly" deliberately celebrates this uncertainty of design, and takes "heterogeneity" as a necessary condition of public space. That it cannot offer a comprehensive solution is, perhaps, inherent to the question.

In the course of a little over a year, from January, 1950, to March, 1951, core samples of bottom sediments were collected at three different stations in the Dundas Marsh, Hamilton, Ontario. A number of the samples were analysed for total carbon content, bitumen, pectins, hemicelluloses, and cellulose and lignin content. This study is part of a larger investigated by the Department of Zoology to ascertain the relationships between the biological productivity in lakes and the rate of mineralization of the organic detritus in lake bottom sediments. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Coastal archaeological sites dating to the late Pleistocene and early Holocene are rare on the northwest coast of North America, as they are in many regions of the world, due to changing environmental factors, in particular glacial isostasy and eustasy, resulting in low visibility and survival of archaeological deposits. This dissertation outlines methods and results used to locate late Pleistocene and early Holocene archaeological sites on the Dundas Island Archipelago on the Northwest Coast culture area of British Columbia, Coast Tsimshian Territory, where archaeological sites older than 5,000 years BP are not known. Part of the reason for this is that masses of glacial ice accumulated on the Cordilleran Mountains of North America during the last glacial maximum, which depressed mainland coastal regions isostatically in relation to sea levels. As a result of lateral displacement of subcrustal material, areas to the west of the Cordillera bulged and landforms were raised relative to the sea. With deglaciation, the depressed crust began to rebound and the forebulge subsided resulting in rapidly dropping sea levels along the mainland to the east and rapidly rising sea levels along outer coastal islands to the west. These processes occurred in concert with sea levels that began rising eustatically following the last glacial maximum. Between the inner and outer coasts lies the Dundas Island Archipelago. This research project hypothesized that the study area was close to a sea level hinge lying between these two regions with very different sea level histories. With less significant shoreline movement, it was further anticipated that shoreline situated archaeological sites dating to the late Pleistocene and early Holocene might be found in close proximity, although slightly higher than the present day shoreline. This dissertation addresses the following question: Where are late Pleistocene and early Holocene archaeological sites situated on the Dundas Island Archipelago? To address this question, this dissertation details the methods and results used to determine a sea-level and vegetation history for the Dundas Island Archipelago and the archaeological prospection that was undertaken along relict shorelines. Pollen analysis of sediments from a lake core identified a sequence of six vegetation zones beginning before 12,385 BP. Based on diatom identification of cores from four lake basins, combined with supporting indicators, a sea level curve for the Dundas Islands was constructed showing a slow regression of shorelines from 13 m above the barnacle line to present day elevations over the last 12,000 years BP. Drawing upon these palaeo-environmental data, areas were selected for archaeological survey and prospection. Field testing of these selected areas resulted in the identification of five archaeological sites dating to the early Holocene. These are the first archaeological sites dating older than 5,000 years BP that have been found and dated in Coast Tsimshian Territory. The elevations and radiocarbon dates on all archaeological deposits are consistent with the sea level curve based on palaeo-environmental data points. Overall, this dissertation draws upon palaeo-environmental methods and results for the purpose of identifying and interpreting archaeological sites situated on raised marine landforms.

On 1 February 1793, the National Convention of Revolutionary France declared war on Great Britain and the Netherlands, expanding the list of France's enemies in the War of the First Coalition. Although British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger had predicted fifteen years of peace one year earlier, the French declaration of war initiated nearly a quarter century of war between Britain and France with only a brief respite during the Peace of Amiens. Britain entered the war amid both a nadir in British diplomacy and internal political divisions over the direction of British foreign policy. After becoming prime minister in 1783 in the aftermath of the War of American Independence, Pitt pursued financial and naval reform to recover British strength and cautious interventionism to end Britain's diplomatic isolation in Europe. He hoped to create a collective security system based on the principles of the territorial status quo, trade agreements, neutral rights, and resolution of diplomatic disputes through mediation - armed mediation if necessary. While his domestic measures largely met with success, Pitt's foreign policy suffered from a paucity of like-minded allies, contradictions between traditional hostility to France and emergent opposition to Russian expansion, Britain's limited ability to project power on the continent, and the even more limited will of Parliament to support such interventionism. Nevertheless, Pitt's collective security goal continued to shape British strategy in the War of the First Coalition, and the same challenges continued to plague the British war effort. This led to failure in the war and left the British fighting on alone after the Treaty of Campo Formio secured peace between France and its last continental foe, Austria, on 18 October 1797.