Deep subsurface rock samples from Upper Ordovician strata in the Michigan Basin were analyzed for the presence of microbial communities. High concentrations of biogenic methane were observed in the Upper and Middle Ordovician formations. Total porosity values for the shale, shale hard bed and limestone samples were 7.4%, 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Hydrocarbon presence ranged from petroliferous shale, to bituminous layering in shale hard beds, to hydrocarbon odour in limestone. Organic carbon content ranged from 0.5 to 2.5%, highest amount being present in the shale. Environmental DNA was extracted from core samples and PCR amplified using 16S rDNA bacterial primers. PCR performed with archaeal 16S rDNA and methanogen-specific (mcrA) primers did not yield DNA amplification. Gene analysis indicated that bacterial sequences similar to Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were present. Most sequences were not related to known cultivated species. Proteobacteria was the most dominant phyla at all depths and included heterotrophic, lithotrophic, acidophilic, radiotolerant, and sulphate-reducing species of bacteria. This study concludes that the observed biogenic methane is a product of ancient methanogenesis.

Deep subsurface rock samples from Upper Ordovician strata in the Michigan Basin were analyzed for the presence of microbial communities. High concentrations of biogenic methane were observed in the Upper and Middle Ordovician formations. Total porosity values for the shale, shale hard bed and limestone samples were 7.4%, 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Hydrocarbon presence ranged from petroliferous shale, to bituminous layering in shale hard beds, to hydrocarbon odour in limestone. Organic carbon content ranged from 0.5 to 2.5%, highest amount being present in the shale. Environmental DNA was extracted from core samples and PCR amplified using 16S rDNA bacterial primers. PCR performed with archaeal 16S rDNA and methanogen-specific (mcrA) primers did not yield DNA amplification. Gene analysis indicated that bacterial sequences similar to Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were present. Most sequences were not related to known cultivated species. Proteobacteria was the most dominant phyla at all depths and included heterotrophic, lithotrophic, acidophilic, radiotolerant, and sulphate-reducing species of bacteria. This study concludes that the observed biogenic methane is a product of ancient methanogenesis.

Deep subsurface rock samples from Upper Ordovician strata in the Michigan Basin were analyzed for the presence of microbial communities. High concentrations of biogenic methane were observed in the Upper and Middle Ordovician formations. Total porosity values for the shale, shale hard bed and limestone samples were 7.4%, 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Hydrocarbon presence ranged from petroliferous shale, to bituminous layering in shale hard beds, to hydrocarbon odour in limestone. Organic carbon content ranged from 0.5 to 2.5%, highest amount being present in the shale. Environmental DNA was extracted from core samples and PCR amplified using 16S rDNA bacterial primers. PCR performed with archaeal 16S rDNA and methanogen-specific (mcrA) primers did not yield DNA amplification. Gene analysis indicated that bacterial sequences similar to Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were present. Most sequences were not related to known cultivated species. Proteobacteria was the most dominant phyla at all depths and included heterotrophic, lithotrophic, acidophilic, radiotolerant, and sulphate-reducing species of bacteria. This study concludes that the observed biogenic methane is a product of ancient methanogenesis.

Deep subsurface rock samples from Upper Ordovician strata in the Michigan Basin were analyzed for the presence of microbial communities. High concentrations of biogenic methane were observed in the Upper and Middle Ordovician formations. Total porosity values for the shale, shale hard bed and limestone samples were 7.4%, 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Hydrocarbon presence ranged from petroliferous shale, to bituminous layering in shale hard beds, to hydrocarbon odour in limestone. Organic carbon content ranged from 0.5 to 2.5%, highest amount being present in the shale. Environmental DNA was extracted from core samples and PCR amplified using 16S rDNA bacterial primers. PCR performed with archaeal 16S rDNA and methanogen-specific (mcrA) primers did not yield DNA amplification. Gene analysis indicated that bacterial sequences similar to Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were present. Most sequences were not related to known cultivated species. Proteobacteria was the most dominant phyla at all depths and included heterotrophic, lithotrophic, acidophilic, radiotolerant, and sulphate-reducing species of bacteria. This study concludes that the observed biogenic methane is a product of ancient methanogenesis.

Numera sker all industriell torkning av virke i sågverken i virkestorkar, som värms upp och därmed torkar virket till den optimala slutfuktkvot som tillönskas. Virkestorkar byggda i betong har länge varit ett stort problem för sågverksindustrin. Problematiken går tillbaka till 80-talet då man tvingades riva ett flertal torkar på grund av att betongtorkarna höll på att vittra sönder. Detta gällde för alla betongtorkar byggda fram till 70-talet. Det genomfördes i slutet på 90-talet en stor rapportundersökningen som behandlade de flesta typer av skador i betongtorkar. Fram tills idag har en närmare undersökning ej gjorts och det har fortfarande inte hittats standarder för reparation och underhåll som förlänger livslängden på betongtorkar. Sågverksindustrin förlorar varje år 10-tals miljoner kronor på reparationer och underhåll som i de flesta fall inte verkar fungera. Därför finns det en stor efterfrågan av tydliga instruktioner för val av material och hur dessa reparationer skall gå till. Rapporten behandlar den allmänna problematiken av skador som uppstår p.g.a. bland annat väldigt högt temperaturbelastade virkestorkar som är konstruerade i betong. Arbetet är uppdelat i två faser den ena fasen består av en teoridel som bland annat förklarar skadorna och dess uppkomst i betongtorkar. Den andra fasen behandlar en fältundersökning som genomfördes under rapportskrivningen samt de förslag till åtgärder som tagits fram. Denna rapport är en liten del av ett stort pågående projekt, där CBI Betonginstitutet och SP trä är projektutförare och samverkar med deltagande sågverk i Sverige och Norge samt leverantörer. Projektet ska mynna ut i en Guideline till sågverksindustrin, för att kunna utföra rätt reparationer med rätt materialval och därmed förlänga betongtorkarnas livslängd. Detta med utgångspunkt från fältundersökningens provtagningar. / Nowadays, all the process of industrial drying of lumber in sawmills are done in kilns, which the wood is heated and dried for the desired optimal moisture content. Timber drying kilns built in concrete has for a long time been a major issues for the sawmill industry. The problems goes as far back to the 80s when several wood kilns was forced to be demolished due to concrete kilns were about to crumble. This was mainly for all the concrete dries built up until the 70s. In the late 90's a report survey was carried out to investigate the damages that were inflicted in concrete dries. No other survey has been done since then and the report didn’t give tangible standards for repairs and maintenance that extends the service life in wood kilns. The sawmill industry loses each year tens of millions on repairs and maintenance that hasn’t shown any results of working. Therefore, there is a great demand of clear instructions for the selection of materials and how these repairs need to be done. The report deals with the general issues of very high temperature-loaded kilns constructed in concrete. The work is divided into two phases; one phase consists of a theoretical part including explaining of the damages and its emergence in the concrete kilns. The second phase deals with a field survey conducted during the report writing as well as the proposed measures have been developed. This report is one small part of a large ongoing project, where CBI and SP wood are the project implementers and interact with participating sawmills in Sweden and Norway and the suppliers. The project will culminate in a Guideline for the sawmill industry, to be able to perform the correct repair with proper materials and thereby extend the life of concrete kilns. This is based on field survey sampling. The project will culminate in a Guideline for the sawmill industry, to be able to perform the correct repair with proper materials and thereby extend the life of concrete drying. This is based on field survey sampling.

In the course of a little over a year, from January, 1950, to March, 1951, core samples of bottom sediments were collected at three different stations in the Dundas Marsh, Hamilton, Ontario. A number of the samples were analysed for total carbon content, bitumen, pectins, hemicelluloses, and cellulose and lignin content. This study is part of a larger investigated by the Department of Zoology to ascertain the relationships between the biological productivity in lakes and the rate of mineralization of the organic detritus in lake bottom sediments. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

This thesis has a theoretical and a practical part. The first part contains theoretical introduction to the phenomenon of increased stiffness at very small strains and possibilities of its practical applications. The available methods for evaluating initial shear modulus tests are described below. Increased attention is paid to the method of evaluation of test data in the frequency domain using the Fourier transform. The last chapter in this part describes an algorithm designed for automatic evaluation of measurements in the frequency domain. The practical part deals with measurement and evaluation of initial shear modulus for Brno clay as a function of vertical stress in oedometric test. Firstly, a device is presented that allows the extension of the oedometric test with sensors for measuring initial shear modulus of soil. This device was designed for the test in this thesis. Subsequently, the test plan is described including description of all soil samples. In this thesis, several types of soil samples from a single site were tested. Next, the results of the individual tests are evaluated by the selected methods. Examples are used for showing the differences in evaluation of the same data by other methods. At the end, the results of the individual tests for all sample types are compared with each other and with data from literature.

This diploma thesis targets on diagnostics and assessment of bridge structure Most Kaštanová přes Svitavu, reg. number 380-001. Concrete material characteristics have been assessed in laboratory, after visual inspection, diagnostical testing and sample core drilling were made. Findings from laboratory tests are summarized in the conclusion of the thesis. It focuses on an evaluation of current bridge condition and presents various options that will help polong lifetime of the bridge.