No description available.

The main aim of the thesis is to compare two web development technologies. For this purpose, a real estate application is developed using Active Server Pages (ASP.NET) with C-Sharp (C#) and Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) as languages. The platforms used are Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 for ASP.NET and Eclipse Helios 2010 for PHP developers.  Two different servers implemented in these platforms comprising the Sql server 2008 for ASP.NET and MySQL for PHP. A real estate web application is developed with three main panels which are the user panel, advertiser panel and admin panel. The same functional requirements are used in two web technologies. When comparing two technologies, ASP. NET is found to be more efficient and reliable than PHP. During the development process it was found that, PHP is a simple scripting language in comparison to the .NET language C#. However, ASP.NET provides built in tools, function and controls which helps in faster development of code as compared to PHP.

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is intended for the integration of heterogeneous applications. Complex business processes are composed by a group of specific Web services using WS-BPEL (Business Process Execution Language), and these Web services may be designed by the enterprise itself or third-party services providers. Today there are many WS-BPEL engines that support the deployment and execution of WS-BPEL files. However, the WS-BPEL activities have to be pre-defined, and if at runtime a Web service call fails, the entire business process is pronounced to be failed, thereby jeopardizing the reliability of SOA. Although the WS- BPEL supports compensation mechanism, it is complex and not flexible. In this work, we propose a process design model to support dynamic Web services selection that eases the designer¡¦s job. This model has been implemented, and the prototype is evaluated to demonstrate that it indeed improves the overall business process reliability.

Traditionally, knowledge management tool design has fit into the repository paradigm: a database of stored information that can be queried by an individual seeking information. These tools often rely on two distinct user groups: those who produce the knowledge and those who seek it. The disparity between these two groups - one group benefiting from the other group's work - is a leading cause of a knowledge management tool's failure. Additionally, knowledge management tools fail because the work processes of target users are not fully understood and therefore not addressed in the tool design. Developing knowledge management tools for educators presents additional obstacles in this already hazardous environment. The traditional impediments found in the development of knowledge management systems, such as trust and incentive concerns, are present along with additional concerns faced by educators such as strict time and resource constraints. And like teaching, educators have different impressions of how knowledge management practices should be done. Therefore, any knowledge management tool for educators must address these obstacles in order to be effective. This research describes the development of an activity-centric knowledge management tool. Activity-centric knowledge management tools avoid the repository paradigm by focusing on the processes in which work is done rather than the storing of information that results from such work. This approach to knowledge management in an educational environment allows teachers to focus on the work involved in teaching rather than knowledge management itself which typically involves added tasks such as entering information into a database. First, I describe current knowledge management practices of teachers by reviewing literature from education and knowledge management as well as interviews and surveys of teachers regarding how they incorporate knowledge management into their teaching practices. Next, I examine the development of the Survey Data Visualization Tool, an activity-based knowledge management tool. Finally, I analyze the use of the Survey Data Visualization Tool by a group of teachers. / Master of Science

Websites are shifting from static model to dynamic model, in order to deliver their users with dynamic, interactive, and personalized experiences. However, dynamic content generation comes at a cost – each request requires computation as well as communication across multiple components within the website and across the Internet. In fact, dynamic pages are constructed on the fly, on demand. Due to their construction overheads and non-cacheability, dynamic pages result in substantially increased user response times, server load and increased bandwidth consumption, as compared to static pages. With the exponential growth of Internet traffic and with websites becoming increasingly complex, performance and scalability have become major bottlenecks for dynamic websites. A variety of strategies have been proposed to address these issues. Many of these solutions perform well in their individual contexts, but have not been analyzed in an integrated fashion. In our work, we have carried out a study of combining a carefully chosen set of these approaches and analyzed their behavior. Specifically, we consider solutions based on the recently-proposed fragment caching technique, since it ensures both correctness and freshness of page contents. We have developed mechanisms for reducing bandwidth consumption and dynamic page construction overheads by integrating fragment caching with various techniques such as proxy-based caching of dynamic contents, pre-generating pages, and caching program code. We start with presenting a dynamic proxy caching technique that combines the benefits of both proxy-based and server-side caching approaches, without suffering from their individual limitations. This technique concentrates on reducing the bandwidth consumption due to dynamic web pages. Then, we move on to presenting mechanisms for reducing dynamic page construction times -- during normal loading, this is done through a hybrid technique of fragment caching and page pre-generation, utilizing the excess capacity with which web servers are typically provisioned to handle peak loads. During peak loading, this is achieved by integrating fragment-caching and code-caching, optionally augmented with page pre-generation. In summary, we present a variety of methods for integrating existing solutions for serving dynamic web pages with the goal of achieving reduced bandwidth consumption from the web infrastructure perspective, and reduced page construction times from user perspective.

As dynamic web applications are becoming widespread nearly in every area, ASP.NET is one of the popular development languages in this domain. The errors in these web applications can reduce the credibility of the site and cause possible loss of a number of clients. Therefore, testing these applications becomes significant. We present an automated tool to test ASP.NET web applications against execution errors and HTML errors that cause displaying inaccurate and incomplete information. Our tool, called Mamoste, adapts concolic testing technique which interleaves concrete and symbolic executions to generate test inputs dynamically. Mamoste also considers page events as inputs which cannot be handled with concolic testing. We have performed experiments on a subset of an heavily used ASP.NET application of a government office. We have found 366 HTML errors and a faulty component which is used almost every ASP.NET page in this application. In addition, Mamoste discovered that a common user control is misused in several generated pages.

Digitization is a fundamental importance for society and something that is constantly sought. Several organizations have not yet digitized various document-based processes, which makes the development difficult since statistical analyzes are time-consuming and costly. CSN is one of the many companies that has still not been able to digitalize their paper forms and has the ambition to replace them all in the least expensive way and as fast as possible. Today, the company stands between buying a service that has applied digitalized solution or implementing its own. This study will explore how a dynamic web form can be implemented to meet the company's ambitions, which will be called “Smarta Blanketter” and stands for Smart forms in English. The possibilities and requirements that can be featured in a digitized solution will be investigated to simplify the customer process and make the underlying process at companies more flexible. Because of the project’s short timeframes, the usability and the dynamic functionality of “Smarta Blanketter” have been prioritized, some visual tool that simplifies the creation of new web forms has not yet been implemented. E-ID signatures, filling of PDF files, and navigation based on previous answer options are just some of the dynamic features applied in “ Smarta Blanketter ” . In order to evaluate whether the dynamic solution improves the customer process, a usability test has been carried out in which the testers fill in an earlier paper application versus the same application inserted in “ Smarta Blanketter ” . The result indicates that the web form optimizes the customer process as customers respond faster and only to necessary questions. Additions of incomplete applications have previously been an issue with the paper forms, which could be completely excluded when filling-in support and validation checks were applied. Replacing CSN's paper applications, could reduce or potentially completely exclude their current budget of ten million Swedish crowns used for sending out their paper forms. The solution that has been designed is not only adapted for the company in this project but can be used for other organizations that have similar paper applications. / Digitalisering är en fundamental betydelse för samhället och något som hela tiden eftersträvas. Flera organisationer har idag ännu inte digitaliserat olika dokumentbaserade processer vilket gör utvecklingen svår då statistiska analyser är tidskrävande och kostsamma. CSN är ett av det företagen som fortfarande inte hunnit digitalisera sig inom området och har i ambition att ersätta samtliga pappersansökningar på minst kostsamma sätt och på så kort tid som möjligt. Idag står företaget mellan att köpa en tjänst som tillämpat detta eller implementera en egen lösning. Den här studien kom-mer utforska hur ett dynamiskt webbformulär kan implementeras för att möta företagets ambitioner, som kommer att kallas Smarta Blanketter. Möjligheterna och krav som kan ställas på en digitaliserad lösning kommer att utforskas för att förenkla kundprocessen och göra den bakomliggande pro-cessen hos företag smidigare. I mån av tid har användbarheten och den dynamiska funktionaliteten av Smarta Blanketter prioriterats, något visuellt verktyg som förenklar skapandet av nya webbformulär har ännu inte konstruerats. E-legitimationssignering, ifyllningsbara PDF-filer och navigering baserat på tidigare svarsalternativ är bara några av de dynamiska egenskaper som tillämpats i Smarta Blanketter. För att utvärdera om den dynamiska lösningen förbättrar kundprocessen har ett användbarhetstest genomförts där testarna fyller i en tidigare pappersansökan kontra samma ansökan fast i Smarta Blanketter. Resultatet tyder på att webbformuläret optimerar kundprocessen då kunder svarar snabbare och endast på nödvändiga frågor. Kompletteringar av ofullständiga ansökningar har tidigare varit ett problem hos företaget vilket helt kunde exkluderas då ifyllnadstöd och valideringskontroller tillämpats. En ersättning av CSN:s pappersansökningar skulle reducera eller potentiellt exkludera deras nuvarande budget på 10 mkr för utskick av sina blanketter. Lösningen som konstruerats är inte enbart anpassad för företaget utan kan tänkas användas för andra organisationer som har liknande pappersansökningar.

Web service composition is an inevitable aspect of web services technology, which solves complex problems by combining available basic services and ordering them to best suit the problem requirements. Automatic composition gives us flexibility of selecting best candidate services at composition time, this would require the user to define the resource allocation constraints for selecting and composing candidate web services. Resource allocation constraints define restrictions on how to allocate resources, and scheduling under resource allocation constraints to provide proper resource allocation to tasks. In this work, web service composition system named as CWSF (Composite Web Service Framework) constructed for users to define a workflow system in which a rich set of constraints can be defined on web services. On the contrary many technologies and studies, CWSF provides a user-friendly environment for modeling web service composition system. The output of the framework is the scheduling of web service composition in which how and when web services are executed are defined. With this work, a language, CWSL is defined to describe workflow, resource allocation constraints, selection and discovery rules of web services and associated semantic information. An important property of CWSF system is converting web service composition problem into a constraint satisfaction problem to find the best solution that meet the all criteria defined by user. Furthermore, CWSF has ability to display other possible solutions to provides users flexibility. This study also includes semantic matching and mapping facilities for service discovery.

Providing service via theWeb differs from other service provision environments in that it is possible for the unexpected arrival of a massive number of service requests in a small time-frame, a situation commonly referred to as a flash crowd. Events of this nature are beyond the control of the service provider, and have the potential to severely degrade service quality and, in the worst case, to deny service to all clients completely. The occurrence, severity and sought Web content of a flash crowd is beyond the control of service provision software. How this software reacts to such a flash crowd, however, is not. Given the short-lived nature of flash crowds, it is unreasonable to expect such systems to increase the system resources they can apply to a particular flash crowd event. It is also difficult to predict the particular nature of any flash crowd, and subsequently which system resources will bottleneck. The driving hypothesis of this research is that, if we are to reasonably expect to have software react effectively to flash crowd events, we need to alter that software at runtime to remove system bottlenecks, whilst a flash crowd event is in progress. This is a special case of what is usually known as "unanticipated software evolution". This thesis reports on an investigation into how unanticipated software evolution can be applied to running Web service provision software to remove system bottlenecks. It does so by introducing automated dynamic Web content degradation to running software currently subject to simulated flash crowd events. The thesis describes and validates appropriate runtime extensions to allow generative object communication architectures (a promising class of architecture for unanticipated software evolution) to be converted initially into a Web application server, and then later accept further runtime behaviour changes. Such changes could alter system bottlenecks by replacing the key programming logic causing system bottlenecks at runtime.

Advantages of cache cooperation on edge cache networks serving dynamic web content were studied. Design of cooperative edge cache grid a large-scale cooperative edge cache network for delivering highly dynamic web content with varying server update frequencies was presented. A cache clouds-based architecture was proposed to promote low-cost cache cooperation in cooperative edge cache grid. An Internet landmarks-based scheme, called selective landmarks-based server-distance sensitive clustering scheme, for grouping edge caches into cooperative clouds was presented. Dynamic hashing technique for efficient, load-balanced, and reliable documents lookups and updates was presented. Utility-based scheme for cooperative document placement in cache clouds was proposed. The proposed architecture and techniques were evaluated through trace-based simulations using both real-world and synthetic traces. Results showed that the proposed techniques provide significant performance benefits. A framework for automatically detecting cache-effective fragments in dynamic web pages was presented. Two types of fragments in web pages, namely, shared fragments and lifetime-personalization fragments were identified and formally defined. A hierarchical fragment-aware web page model called the augmented-fragment tree model was proposed. An efficient algorithm to detect maximal fragments that are shared among multiple documents was proposed. A practical algorithm for detecting fragments based on their lifetime and personalization characteristics was designed. The proposed framework and algorithms were evaluated through experiments on real web sites. The effect of adopting the detected fragments on web-caches and origin-servers is experimentally studied.