It has been broadly recognised that today’s manufacturing organisations face increasing pressures from continuous and unexpected changes in the business environment such as changes in product types, changes in demand pattern, changes in manufacturing technologies etc. To enable manufacturing organisations to rapidly and timely deal with these changes, operational decisions (e.g., process planning and production scheduling) have to be integrated with dynamic system restructure or reconfiguration so that manufacturing organisations do not only use the flexible resource utilisations to deal with these changes, but also can dynamically reconfigure their existing system structures in response these changes. A manufacturing system concept and implementation methodology is proposed by the Exeter Manufacturing Enterprise Centre (XMEC), which is called the Dynamically Integrated Manufacturing System (DIMS). The overall aim of DIMS is to provide a systematic modelling and control framework in which operational decisions can be integrated with the dynamic system restructuring decisions so as to help manufacturing systems to dynamically deal with changes in the business environment. This PhD research is a part of DIMS research, which focuses on the investigation on operational control in DIMS. Based on the established agent-based modelling architecture in DIMS, this research develops two agent bidding mechanisms for the hierarchical control of production planning and scheduling. These two mechanisms work together to assist manufacturing systems in making optimal and flexible operational decisions in response to changes in the business environment. The first mechanism is the iterative agent bidding mechanism based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) which facilitates the determination of the optimal or near optimal allocation of a production job containing a set of sub-jobs to a pool of heterarchical resources. The second mechanism is the hierarchical agent bidding mechanism which enables product orders to be cost-efficiently and flexibly planned and scheduled to meet the orders’ due dates. The novelty of this mechanism is that it enables orders to be fulfilled within structural constraints of manufacturing systems as far as possible and however enables resources to be regrouped flexibly across system boundaries when orders cannot be fulfilled within structural constraints of manufacturing systems.

Integrated robust planning systems that cover all levels of SC hierarchy have become increasingly important. Strategic, tactical, and operational SC plans should not be generated in isolation to avoid infeasible and conflicting decisions. On the other hand, enterprise planning systems contain over millions of records that are processed in each planning iteration. In such enterprises, the ability to generate robust plans is vital to their success because such plans can save the enterprise resources that may otherwise have to be reserved for likely SC plan changes. A robust SC plan is valid in all circumstances and does not need many corrections in the case of interruption, error, or disturbance. Such a reliable plan is proactive as well as reactive. Proactivity can be achieved by forecasting the future events and taking them into account in planning. Reactivity is a matter of agility, the capability of keeping track of system behaviour and capturing alarming signals from its environment, and the ability to respond quickly to the occurrence of an unforeseen event. Modeling such a system behaviour and providing solutions after such an event is extremely important for a SC. This study focuses on integrated supply chain planning with stochastic dynamic considerations. An integrated tactical-operational model is developed and then segregated into two sub-models which are solved iteratively. A SC is a stochastic dynamic system whose state changes over time often in an unpredictable manner. As a result, the customer demand is treated as an uncertain parameter and is handled by exploiting scenario-based stochastic programming. The increase in the number of scenarios makes it difficult to obtain quick and good solutions. As such, a Branch and Fix algorithm is developed to segregate the stochastic model into isolated islands so as to make the computationally intractable problem solvable. However not all the practitioners, planners, and managers are risk neutral. Some of them may be concerned about the risky extreme scenarios. In view of this, the robust optimization approach is also adopted in this thesis. Both the solution robustness and model robustness are taken into account in the tactical model. Futhermore, the dynamic behaviour of a SC system is handled with the concept of Model Predictive Control (MPC).

Integrated robust planning systems that cover all levels of SC hierarchy have become increasingly important. Strategic, tactical, and operational SC plans should not be generated in isolation to avoid infeasible and conflicting decisions. On the other hand, enterprise planning systems contain over millions of records that are processed in each planning iteration. In such enterprises, the ability to generate robust plans is vital to their success because such plans can save the enterprise resources that may otherwise have to be reserved for likely SC plan changes. A robust SC plan is valid in all circumstances and does not need many corrections in the case of interruption, error, or disturbance. Such a reliable plan is proactive as well as reactive. Proactivity can be achieved by forecasting the future events and taking them into account in planning. Reactivity is a matter of agility, the capability of keeping track of system behaviour and capturing alarming signals from its environment, and the ability to respond quickly to the occurrence of an unforeseen event. Modeling such a system behaviour and providing solutions after such an event is extremely important for a SC. This study focuses on integrated supply chain planning with stochastic dynamic considerations. An integrated tactical-operational model is developed and then segregated into two sub-models which are solved iteratively. A SC is a stochastic dynamic system whose state changes over time often in an unpredictable manner. As a result, the customer demand is treated as an uncertain parameter and is handled by exploiting scenario-based stochastic programming. The increase in the number of scenarios makes it difficult to obtain quick and good solutions. As such, a Branch and Fix algorithm is developed to segregate the stochastic model into isolated islands so as to make the computationally intractable problem solvable. However not all the practitioners, planners, and managers are risk neutral. Some of them may be concerned about the risky extreme scenarios. In view of this, the robust optimization approach is also adopted in this thesis. Both the solution robustness and model robustness are taken into account in the tactical model. Futhermore, the dynamic behaviour of a SC system is handled with the concept of Model Predictive Control (MPC).

Integrated robust planning systems that cover all levels of SC hierarchy have become increasingly important. Strategic, tactical, and operational SC plans should not be generated in isolation to avoid infeasible and conflicting decisions. On the other hand, enterprise planning systems contain over millions of records that are processed in each planning iteration. In such enterprises, the ability to generate robust plans is vital to their success because such plans can save the enterprise resources that may otherwise have to be reserved for likely SC plan changes. A robust SC plan is valid in all circumstances and does not need many corrections in the case of interruption, error, or disturbance. Such a reliable plan is proactive as well as reactive. Proactivity can be achieved by forecasting the future events and taking them into account in planning. Reactivity is a matter of agility, the capability of keeping track of system behaviour and capturing alarming signals from its environment, and the ability to respond quickly to the occurrence of an unforeseen event. Modeling such a system behaviour and providing solutions after such an event is extremely important for a SC. This study focuses on integrated supply chain planning with stochastic dynamic considerations. An integrated tactical-operational model is developed and then segregated into two sub-models which are solved iteratively. A SC is a stochastic dynamic system whose state changes over time often in an unpredictable manner. As a result, the customer demand is treated as an uncertain parameter and is handled by exploiting scenario-based stochastic programming. The increase in the number of scenarios makes it difficult to obtain quick and good solutions. As such, a Branch and Fix algorithm is developed to segregate the stochastic model into isolated islands so as to make the computationally intractable problem solvable. However not all the practitioners, planners, and managers are risk neutral. Some of them may be concerned about the risky extreme scenarios. In view of this, the robust optimization approach is also adopted in this thesis. Both the solution robustness and model robustness are taken into account in the tactical model. Futhermore, the dynamic behaviour of a SC system is handled with the concept of Model Predictive Control (MPC).

Integrated robust planning systems that cover all levels of SC hierarchy have become increasingly important. Strategic, tactical, and operational SC plans should not be generated in isolation to avoid infeasible and conflicting decisions. On the other hand, enterprise planning systems contain over millions of records that are processed in each planning iteration. In such enterprises, the ability to generate robust plans is vital to their success because such plans can save the enterprise resources that may otherwise have to be reserved for likely SC plan changes. A robust SC plan is valid in all circumstances and does not need many corrections in the case of interruption, error, or disturbance. Such a reliable plan is proactive as well as reactive. Proactivity can be achieved by forecasting the future events and taking them into account in planning. Reactivity is a matter of agility, the capability of keeping track of system behaviour and capturing alarming signals from its environment, and the ability to respond quickly to the occurrence of an unforeseen event. Modeling such a system behaviour and providing solutions after such an event is extremely important for a SC. This study focuses on integrated supply chain planning with stochastic dynamic considerations. An integrated tactical-operational model is developed and then segregated into two sub-models which are solved iteratively. A SC is a stochastic dynamic system whose state changes over time often in an unpredictable manner. As a result, the customer demand is treated as an uncertain parameter and is handled by exploiting scenario-based stochastic programming. The increase in the number of scenarios makes it difficult to obtain quick and good solutions. As such, a Branch and Fix algorithm is developed to segregate the stochastic model into isolated islands so as to make the computationally intractable problem solvable. However not all the practitioners, planners, and managers are risk neutral. Some of them may be concerned about the risky extreme scenarios. In view of this, the robust optimization approach is also adopted in this thesis. Both the solution robustness and model robustness are taken into account in the tactical model. Futhermore, the dynamic behaviour of a SC system is handled with the concept of Model Predictive Control (MPC).

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-12-19T12:53:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 raphaelpaulobragapoubel.pdf: 1692665 bytes, checksum: e8fb69a9681a9af78d618fd006ce0ebd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-19T13:07:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 raphaelpaulobragapoubel.pdf: 1692665 bytes, checksum: e8fb69a9681a9af78d618fd006ce0ebd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T13:07:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 raphaelpaulobragapoubel.pdf: 1692665 bytes, checksum: e8fb69a9681a9af78d618fd006ce0ebd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho apresenta um modelo baseado em métodos heurísticos construtivos para solução do planejamento dinâmico de linhas de transmissão. O acoplamento temporal entre as decisões é representado através de uma modificação nas equações do modelo de fluxo de carga CC onde as perdas nas linhas são incluídas. O problema resultante desta formulação é um problema de otimização inteira com variáveis acopladas no período de planejamento representadas por um parâmetro de expansão. O algoritmo proposto resolve o problema de forma contínua e acoplada para decidir sobre o planejamento de cada ano de forma a evitar a explosão combinatória da programação inteira. Para tanto são utilizadas, para as decisões de expansão, as informações dos coeficientes de Lagrange e do parâmetro de expansão. Testes com o sistema da região Sul e Sudeste do Brasil apontam para uma metodologia eficaz e promissora. / This work presents a model to solve the dynamic planning of transmission lines based on heuristics technique. The temporal coupling among decisions is represented by a modification on the equations of the DC load flow model, in which losses in transmission lines are included. This formulation generates an integer optimization problem with coupled variables in the planning period, represented by an expansion parameter. The proposed algorithm solves the problem in a continuous and coupled way, in order to decide the planning of each year, as well as to avoid combinatorial explosion of the integer technique. Information obtained from the Lagrange multiplier and the expansion parameter are used to take decisions. Tests with Brazilian southern and southeastern systems indicate an effective and promising methodology.

No description available.

Den här studien undersöker vilken roll temporära aktiviteter ges i Malmö stads stadsplaneringsprocess.Temporära aktiviteter är en term som omfattar en mängd olika aktiviteter i det offentliga rummen,men vår studie utgår från temporära aktiviteter som fysiskt förändrar och omgestaltar stadsrummet.Temporära aktiviteter och temporär användning har i takt med globaliseringen fått ett allt större utrymme ivästerländska städer, det kan därför ses som en motreaktion på en osäker framtid som präglas av växandeekonomiska, sociala och teknologiska förändringar. Tillämpningen av temporära aktiviteter är ett exempelpå att skapa mer flexibla och dynamiska platser för att ge städer mer livfulla stadsrum, det bidrar till ettdiversifierat och mer heterogent stadslandskap samt med ett förhöjt demokrativärde. Vår forskning baseras på en flerfallstudie av tre olika exempel på temporära aktiviteter som skiljer sig åtutifrån initiativtagarens intention och syfte med användningen. De tre exempel som presenteras i studien ärSteppe Side, Pig Barrier och Naturmolnet. Vi har i fallstudien genomfört två kvalitativa intervjuer gällandedessa exempel, samt genomfört en dokumentanalys för att tolka Malmö stads syn på temporära aktiviteter.Utifrån det empiriska materialet analyseras och diskuteras detta i förhållande till den teoretiska ingången. Studien visar att Malmö stad tillämpar en övergripande instrumentell syn på temporära aktiviteter, vilketinnebär att den ges en underordnad roll och endast fyller ett tomrum i väntan på att en mer gynnsamexploatering tar vid. Med en instrumentell syn på det temporära används det i marknadsföringssyfte och föratt bibehålla skenet av en urban tillväxt. Vad som går förlorat är de mervärden en temporär aktivitet medfördå syftet inte längre är för användarna, utan istället används som ett verktyg som riskerar att bidra till enökad gentrifiering. Vad vi också uppmärksammar i studien är att vi ser försök från Malmö stad till att gå moten mer flexibel och dynamisk planeringsprocess, men att de ännu inte är i det stadiet där det temporära kansamexistera med den långvariga planeringen. Avslutningsvis lyfter studien exempel på åtgärder som vi anserkan bidra till att nå till det stadie där det temporära lever i symbios med det permanenta. / This study examines the role of temporary activities in the City of Malmö’s urban planning process.Temporary activities are a term that encompasses a variety of activities in public spaces, but our study isbased on temporary activities that physically change and transform the urban space. Temporary activitiesand temporary use have, in step with globalization, gained increasing space in Western cities, whichcan therefore be seen as a counter-reaction to an uncertain future characterized by growing economic,social and technological changes. The application of temporary activities is an example of creating moreflexible and dynamic places to give cities more lively urban spaces, it contributes to a diversified and moreheterogeneous urban landscape with an increased democratic value. Our research is based on a multiple-case study of three different examples of temporary activities that differbased on the initiator’s intention and purpose of use. The three examples presented in the study are SteppeSide, Pig Barrier and Naturmolnet. In the case study, we conducted two qualitative interviews regardingthese examples, and conducted a document analysis to interpret the City of Malmö’s view of temporaryactivities. Based on the empirical material, this is analyzed and discussed in relation to the theoreticalframework. The study shows that the City of Malmö applies an overall instrumental view of temporary activities,which means that it is given a subordinate role and only fills a void while waiting for a more favorabledevelopment to take over. With an instrumental view of the temporary, it is used for marketing purposesand to maintain the appearance of urban growth. What is lost is the added value a temporary activity entailsas the purpose is no longer for the users, but instead is used as a tool that risks contributing to increasedgentrification. The study also draws attention to the attempts from the City of Malmö to move towards amore flexible and dynamic planning process, but that they are not yet at the stage where the temporary cancoexist with the long-term planning. Finally, the study highlights examples of measures that we believe cancontribute to reaching the stage where the temporary lives in symbiosis with the permanent.

Dynamic and unforeseeable characteristic of the current market and production environment is not feasible to be met through pre-set parameters being dependent on the predictions. Handling this matter requires to keep focus on production system adaptability. Evolvable Production System has achieved fully system reconfigurability through process oriented modularity and multi agent based distributed control system architecture. One of the essential enhancements provided by EPS on the shop floor is achieving minimized/eliminated system setup time in response to changing product requirements. Manufacturing planning and control system, on the other hand, follows hierarchical principles which are quite much reliant on the predicted information so to structure production and planning environment on it. Production system limitations, such as lack of adaptability in response to changing conditions, are in fact influencing the planning system to be structured on the predictions. The enhancements which are ensured by the architecture of EPS enable to relax the constraints on planning system which are imposed by the limitations of production system. These enhancements have an effect at different levels in the planning hierarchy. On the light of these improvements, the planning framework as it is used so far in the industry becomes invalid and this arise a requirement for planning system structure to be designed according to a fully reconfigurable system to be able to benefit such a production system by all means. This thesis targets to enlighten the relation between the production system characteristics and planning system structure by emphasizing the planning problems and proposing a planning reference architecture solution to be able achieve a responsive planning framework. / <p>QC 20140916</p>

L’aéronautique civile commerciale poursuit l’objectif du déplacement de biens ou de personnes, par les airs, en maintenant un niveau optimal de sécurité. Depuis plus de trente ans, en dépit de cadres normatifs de plus en plus stricts et d’automatismes de plus en plus performants, le rapport entre performance visée et risque encouru ne progresse plus.Le facteur humain constitue un levier d’action majeur pour franchir ce plancher de verre. Dans le cadre contraint de l’aéronautique, la conception d’outils visant à assister la cognition des pilotes est ainsi une direction d’avenir. L’anticipation a été identifiée comme un processus central dans la gestion des ressources cognitives. Dans une démarche de cognitique, nous avons ainsi entrepris la conception d’un outil d’aide à l’anticipation en impliquant des pilotes à chaque étape des développements.D’une analyse de l’activité sur la base d’enregistrements en cockpit et d’entretiens, nous avons construit un modèle de l’activité réelle des pilotes lors de la descente et l’approche sur l’aéroport de Rio de Janeiro. L’étude bibliographique mit en lumière des points critiques relevant de l’anticipation et nécessitant une expérimentation préliminaire. Les résultats expérimentaux conciliés à nos hypothèses de compréhension de l’anticipation achevèrent le cahier des charges du cœur fonctionnel de notre outil d’aide à l’anticipation. Un algorithme de planification dynamique exploitant notre modèle de l’activité fut conçu et implémenté au sein d’ASAP (Anticipation Support for Aeronautical Planning) le démonstrateur de concept industriel de Thales Avionics. 36 pilotes civils commerciaux participèrent enfin à son évaluation en simulateur. / Civil aviation pursues the objective of moving people or goods through the air with an optimal level of safety. For more than thirty years, despite a stricter and stricter regulatory framework and highly reliable automation, the ratio between performance and acceptable risk is not improving anymore.Human factors are a major action lever to break this glass floor. In the constrained context of aviation, designing tools aiming at assisting pilots’ cognition is thus a promising direction. Anticipation has been identified central in the process of cognitive resources management. In a human factors engineering approach, we undertook the design of an anticipation support tool involving pilots at each step of the development.From an activity analysis performed on the basis of in-cockpit recordings and interviews we constructed a model of the actual pilots’ activity during the descent and approach phases on Rio de Janeiro airport. The state of the art highlighted the key elements related to anticipation which could take benefit of a preliminary experiment. Experimental results brought together with our hypotheses about how anticipation works completed the requirements of the functional core of our anticipation support tool. A dynamic planning algorithm was then designed and implemented within ASAP (Anticipation Support for Aeronautical Planning), Thales Avionics’ proof of concept. 36 commercial pilots took part to its evaluation in a simulated environment.