Grassroots urban agriculture projects are highly interactive spaces, allowing people from different socio-cultural and economic backgrounds to learn, play and work together. They offer unconventional urban greenspace and recreational opportunities and contribute to urbanites’ understanding of how food is grown. Landscape architects can contribute numerous professional strengths to the design of these food-oriented landscapes. Case study research at Hackney City Farm, UK, and Prinzessinnengarten, Germany, illustrates that grassroots projects could benefit from a strong spatial design and increased layering of on-site uses in order to serve a greater cross-section of the community than at present. This research culminates in the design of a multifunctional food-oriented landscape at Brant Avenue Public School, Guelph, and is shaped by the case study findings and literature on participatory design and facilitation. The research demonstrates how landscape architects can work with community groups to provide a high diversity of on-site uses and user experience.

This paper puts forward a new approach to the revitalization of vacant and neglected buildings and spaces by introducing the use of temporary pop-up environments. The initial research establishes groundwork for pop-up environments and temporary use, while pointing to their potential. Records from specialists, Florian Haydn, Robert Temel, and Philipp Oswalt, exhibit various types of temporary uses and interim strategies. Strategies are displayed in their selection of sites and operation. These strategic approaches will support transitioning space and present interim projects, which have the prospect of utilizing space as a secondary means, while a more primary use of space is in development. The case studies will demonstrate the temporary use strategies and social factors, which may establish new meaning to facilitate change. By presenting possibilities of repurposing through temporary and interim uses, there is the opportunity for renewal and averting the dependence on massive (re)development, sustaining a city’s heritage.

No description available.

This thesis discusses the role and function of the temporary use of urban space within the context of the development process and urban regeneration across the core cities of England. The research utilises the concept of gaps in the cycle of utilisation in land and property to develop a single structured analytical framework to assess the relationship between disuse, interim development as a means to alleviate vacancy and the property development industry. In doing so it attempts to extend existing efforts to interpret temporary urban development by exploring what the thesis comes to define as 'extraordinary' and 'ordinary' forms of short-term reuse. An exploratory, mixed method and multi-scalar approach is used to discuss this dichotomy. Research findings, through a national landscape of the phenomenon of temporary development in the core cities, highlight the characteristics of high profile compared to everyday temporary solutions. In doing so, it exposes the limited frequency of landmark interim solutions in comparison to their more mundane counterparts over a fifteen year period (2000-15). Set against this contextual and temporal backdrop, extraordinary temporary uses are demonstrated to be a marginal but emerging practice of land and property re-use, associated in particular with the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007-08. Subsequent testing of the spatial distribution and patterning of temporary uses in two selected cities - Bristol and Liverpool - revealed that landmark interim solutions were more commonly centralised in cities than everyday versions, with disproportionately large shares in principal regeneration areas. Through a programme of interviews with key regeneration and development actors, connectivity to urban renewal was shown to be dependent on how the shape and form of local development processes evolve and how regeneration actors' outlooks on temporary use vary over time, as institutional agendas shift and urban economic circumstances change. The thesis explores this shift in the function and emphasis of temporary development in England's second tier cities, from ordinary, everyday forms toward cultural-creative, extraordinary solutions, to discuss the implications of employing high profile short-term uses as mechanisms to incentivise regeneration. Here, the use gap framework developed in this research is shown to be a useful method for conceptualising the rationale behind the variation in stakeholder perspective on temporary development. The model highlights how fluctuating externalities and the interrelating variables of risk, value and time can affect responses taken toward temporary development by the development industry, elucidating a more complete understanding of the role and function of temporary urbanism amongst the wider (re)development process. Ultimately, this thesis argues that while the consensus on temporary use is that it is an effective tactic to assist in the continuation of regeneration, it can also leave some temporary users exposed to the vicissitudes of the market. Extraordinary users bear a disproportionate share of the potential risks associated with development, often without commensurate reward. This illustrates how temporary use can engender opportunity for creativity and innovation as part of the regeneration process, but also, demonstrates how risk-shifting rationalities in the development industry can mean that economic, social and political costs accrue inordinately for temporary users. The research specifies that recognition of the locally specific and multi-dimensional nature of the development process and appreciation of the complexity of the interrelationships between the actors involved are of critical importance in any attempt to understand the role and function of temporary use. It concludes that by understanding the evolution of local structures and actions, over time and across space, the nature and form of temporary development can be better appreciated and strategies to successfully manage it developed.

This paper uses an exploratory multiple case study research approach to investigate three bottom-up temporary use projects in Malmö. The aim is to provide an understanding of starting processes of temporary use through a project lens with a focus on phases and activities; key stakeholders and motivations; and project key enablers. Regarding temporary use project phases and activities, this study found that there are five steps/phases among the three cases: (1) inspiration; (2) ideation and feasibility; (3) preparation; (4) implementation; and (5) on-going operation. Furthermore, the common key stakeholders found in the projects are founders; landowner; intermediary; authority; temporary user (participant, volunteer, or tenant); researcher; local community; and funding body. Although the stakeholder groups were pretty similar, they engaged in different intensities in different projects. Their different motivations can be grouped in three different groups: personal interest; assigned task; or monetary incentive. Some stakeholders had mixed motivation. Moreover, this paper discovers 14 key project enablers: (1) municipality support; (2) landowner support; (3) intermediary support; (4) financial support; (5) communication & expectation management; (6) network; (7) good planning; (8) community support; (9) openness and engagement; (10) partnership; (11) space and location advantage; (12) project team and entrepreneurial mindset; (13) luck; and (14) influence from the neighbor city. The study recommends creating a municipal temporary use activating unit in order to grow this type of bottom-up movement in the city. This recommendation is in line with the discourse of the researchers in integrating bottom-up temporary use into the strategy and planning level of top-down activities. This research might allow future project leaders to get reference points and guidance for their own bottom-up temporary use projects, as well as provides understanding to researchers who are interested in temporary use and other bottom-up urban development fields.

Det finns ett behov och ett ökat intresse att tillåta civilsamhället vara delaktiga i byggprocessen. Medborgardeltagande och medborgardialog är metoder som används för att visa på att invånare är med och bestämmer om sin närmiljö. I teorin framställs det som att metoder likt dessa hjälper till i skapandet av ett demokratiskt samhälle. I praktiken ställer sig invånarna fortfarande frågande till vilken stadsutveckling som sker i deras närmiljö. I den här uppsatsen har vi undersökt alternativa metoder för medborgardeltagande. Vi har utgått från litteratur som tar upp olika metoder för deltagande, så som temporär användning och transformativt deltagande. Syftet för oss har varit att se till hur konstprojekt kan användas som en alternativ metod för deltagande och dialog. För att göra det har vi gjort en fallstudie över konst- projektet Mitt framför näsan i Jordbro kultur- och föreningshus, vilket var del av Statens konstråds satsning Konst händer. Genom att undersöka Mitt framför näsan ville vi se om projektet även har påverkat planeringsprocessen för det nya kulturhuset som ska byggas i Jordbro och vad de involverade aktörernas avsikt var. Utifrån vår kartläggning av Jordbro kultur- och föreningshus samt Mitt framför näsan undersöker vi om konstprojekt kan användas för att skapa delaktighet i stadsutveckling. Resultatet av vårt undersökande visar en större svårighet att engagera medborgare än vad vi först trodde. Där byråkratiska frågor och bristande kommunikation försvårar arbetet. Och även om vi inte fått konkreta svar på våra frågor så ställer vi oss positiva till konstprojekt som metod för delaktighet. / There is a need and interest to let the citizens be part of city planning. Civic participation and civil dialogue are methods which are used to show that citizens can participate in the decision making of their neighbourhood. In theory these methods seem to help the making of a democratic society. In practice people ask themselves what kind of urban renewal happens in their neighbourhood.In this thesis, we have examined alternative methods for civic participation. We have looked at literature concerning different methods of participation, such as temporary use and transformative participation. The purpose, for us, has been to look into how art projects can be used as a way of creating participation and dialogue. To do this, we have done a case study of the art project Mitt framför näsan in Jordbro cultural and social housing, which was part of the project Konst händer, produced by Statens konstråd. By looking into Mitt framför näsan, we wanted to discover if the project have affected the urban planning concerning the new cultural and social housing, and what the purpose was, for the actors involved in the project. By mapping Jordbro cultural and social housing, we examine if art projects can be used as a way to create participation in urban planning. The result shows that it is more difficult to involve citizens in civic participation, than what we first thought. Where bureaucratic questions and the lack of communication makes it complicated. Even if we do not have a concrete answer to our questions, we are positive about using art project as a method for civic participation.

In 2008, Malmö stad, together with Svenska kyrkan,announced an invited competition for designing S:tJohannesplan and Konsthallstorget in Malmö (Malmö Stad 2008). With its central location in the city andvarious options for activities, the area has become a major attraction point. White Architects proposal “Open stage” was announced as winner for its flexible function and close connection to historically aesthetic elements (Malmö Stad 2008). By 2014, the area had gotten a severe facelift. With the citytunnel, bus stops and cycle paths S:t Johannesplanand Konsthallstorget is today easily accessible. My thesis aims to shed light on how the task, described in the competition program, was fulfilled. A case study of S:t Johannesplan and Konsthallstorget has been conducted to explore how the emotional connection between the users and the square evokes social activity. The communication between user, square and built environment has been studied using observations, mapping, interviews and readings. Parallels are drawn to phenomenology as a part of exploring the mental tasks of the built environment. Squares as a historical phenomenon have briefly been studied to discover similarities and differences with the contemporary square. The thesis was founded in experienced based research, with my own experiences and emotional connection to square environments located in the central part of Malmö as a canvas. A toolkit consisting of mapping methods has been used for physically mapping participatory observationsin a scientific stance. In cooperation with literary research, interviews and mapping the regular user`s experience, an understanding picture of how the square is generally experienced is brought forward. The outcome from the gathered data is a design proposal for developments at the site which would benefit social activity and elevated sensual presence according to described existing needs. The question of meeting criteria is discussed whereas certain circumstances historically have governed this. The proposal is supported by existing theoretical idealsand strategies for urban planning and design. / 2008 utlyste Malmö stad tillsammans med Svenska kyrkan en inbjuden tävling för utformning av S:t Johannesplan och Konsthallstorget i Malmö (Malmö Stad 2008). Med sitt centrala läge i staden och olika möjligheter till aktiviteter har området blivit en stor attraktionsplats. White Arkitekters förslag ”Öppen scen”, utsågs till vinnare för sin flexibla funktion och nära koppling till historiskt estetiska element (Malmö Stad 2008). År 2014 hade området fått ett marginellt ansiktslyft. Med citytunneln, busshållplatser och cykelvägar är S:t Johannesplan och Konsthallstorget idag lättillgängliga. Mitt examensarbete syftar till att belysa hur uppgiften, beskriven i tävlingsprogrammet, genomfördes. En fallstudie av S:t Johannesplan och Konsthallstorget har genomförts för att utforska hur den känslomässiga kopplingen mellan brukare och torget framkallar social aktivitet. Kommunikationen mellan brukare, torg och bebyggd miljö har studerats med hjälp av observationer, kartläggning, intervjuer och läsningar. Paralleller dras till fenomenologi som en del av att utforska den byggda miljöns mentala uppgifter. Torg som historiskt fenomen har kort studerats för att belysa likheter och skillnader med det samtida torget. Uppsatsen grundades i erfarenhetsbaserad forskning, med mina egna erfarenheter och känslomässig koppling till torgmiljöer belägna i centrala Malmö som en canvas. En verktygslåda bestående av kartläggningsmetoder har använts för att fysiskt kartlägga deltagande observationer i ett vetenskapligt ställningstagande. I samverkan med litteraturforskning, intervjuer och kartläggning av den regelbundna användarens upplevelse lyfts en förståelse för hur torget generellt upplevs. Resultatet från den insamlade datan är ett designförslag för utveckling på platsen som skulle gynna social aktivitet och förhöjd sensuell närvaro enligt beskrivna befintliga behov. Frågan om att uppfylla kriterier diskuteras medan vissa omständigheter historiskt har styrt detta. Förslaget stöds av befintliga teoretiska ideal

This thesis project is dealing with the phenomenon of brownfields, which nowadays are a part of every city. For the site at Brno - Ponava the proposal suggests TEMPORARY USE as one of the possible strategic approaches for handling this issue and introduces a process-oriented urban development strategy. The main theme of the design is called ZERO URBANISM. The goal is that with a minimal investment, short construction time and fulfillment of overall principals of sustainability, it is possible to change the former football stadium into a platform for social life. With cooperation from the public and the city this can become a place with various activities and have the potential for economic growth. The expected effect is that the site becomes a CATALYST and INCUBATOR for future development of the undervalued neighborhood, having a cultural and economic impact on the site as well as within the surrounding city context.

The diploma thesis deals with the renewal of the Renewal of the Mill Grounds In Tasovice. The scenario of renewal includes four basic stages of recovery of the complex. In the first phase, grounds are cleaned and structures conserved together with defining exterior areas of the site that will be used for the second phase of temporary use in the form of cultural events of the village. In the third phase the approach is to restore individual objects and find appropriate functional content of each. The final stage is the functional filling of the entire complex and unification.

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht Zwischennutzungen in Berlin aus Akteurssicht. Zwischennutzungen sind von Beginn an und von allen Beteiligten als temporär gedacht. Sie finden in bzw. auf leerstehenden Immobilien statt und sind mit einer Nutzungsänderung verbunden, d.h. eine Zwischennutzung unterscheidet sich sowohl von der vorigen Nutzung der Immobilie als auch von der geplanten neuen Nutzung. Ausgehend von dieser erarbeiteten Definition wird das Phänomen empirisch am Beispiel Berlins untersucht. Die mehr als 100 recherchierten Berliner Zwischennutzungsprojekte konzentrieren sich räumlich auf attraktive innerstädtische Lagen. Zwischennutzungsverträge erlauben finanzschwachen Akteuren, Grundstücke günstig zu mieten. Sie akzeptieren dafür Einschränkungen wie die begrenzte Nutzungsdauer und kurze Kündigungsfristen. Es konnten fünf Motivationstypen von Zwischennutzern erarbeitet werden: Für „Pioniere“ und „Profi-Zwischennutzer“ steht der ökonomische Aspekt bei der Zwischennutzung im Vordergrund. Das Hauptmotiv von „ehrenamtlichen, subkulturellen und künstlerischen Zwischennutzern“ ist dagegen die eigene Selbstverwirklichung. Die meisten Nutzer streben die langfristige Sicherung ihres Projektes an. Die Grundstückseigentümer handeln überwiegend ökonomisch-rational. Zwischennutzungen sind aus ihrer Sicht eine sinnvolle Lösung, wenn das Nutzungskonzept passend ist und die Mieteinnahmen den Aufwand und das Risiko einer kurzfristigen Vermietung übersteigen. Gute persönliche Beziehungen werden sowohl von Nutzer- als auch von Eigentümerseite als wichtige Komponenten für den Abschluss eines Zwischennutzungsvertrags gesehen. In vielen Fällen finden Zwischennutzungsprojekte in Berlin auf Grundstücken statt, auf denen aus stadtplanerischer Sicht kein Handlungsbedarf besteht. Die Planungsämter arbeiten überwiegend mit Duldungen und Befreiungen. Das Baurecht auf Zeit wird nicht angewendet, informelle Instrumente kommen nur vereinzelt zur Anwendung. / This work examines temporary uses in Berlin and the involved participants. Temporary (or interim) uses are seen as temporary from the beginning and by all involved stakeholders. They take place on brownfield sites or in abandoned buildings, and are always associated with a change in use. A temporary use differs both from the previous use of the land as well as the proposed new use. Based on this definition, the phenomenon is investigated empirically in Berlin. Most temporary uses arise in or near the urban centre. About half of the temporarily used property is located in the three inner-city districts of Mitte, Prenzlauer Berg and Friedrichshain. Financially weak actors have to pay lower rents for these properties because of temporary use contracts. In return they have to accept short periods of notice and other limitations. Based upon their motivation, five types of temporary users have been identified: For “pioneers” and “professional temporary users”, the economic aspect is most important. The main motive of “voluntary, subcultural and artistic temporary users”, however, is self-fulfilment. Although the users make short-term leases, most of them are aiming for long-term security for their projects. The landlords act predominantly economically and rationally. In their opinion temporary uses are good solutions if the concept fits and the rental income exceeds the cost and the risk of short-term rent. Both temporary users and landlords see good personal relationships as an important component for the signing of a temporary use contract. In many cases temporary uses in Berlin are located on properties where no action for urban planning is required. The planning authorities mainly deal with them by way of toleration and immunities. The “Baurecht auf Zeit” (temporary building law) is not applied and informal instruments are only sporadically applied.