Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Silvia Barauna.pdf: 1936936 bytes, checksum: 64d1e15c0cec27a5759dc588b94af98a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis sought to observe the social experiences of immigrants and foreign nationals in the city of Manaus from the period 1920 to 1945, and meets the concerns that, among other things, consider the little historiographical concerning the conditions of life and work immigrants in Manaus in the period. To this end, we observe the situation of the space that accommodated the immigrants, or as it stood Manaus in their appearance, social, political and economic policies demanded mainly analyzed by the public in relation to immigrants. In addition, we analyzed relevant dimensions involving relationships and practices of their everyday lives in urban areas, almost imperceptible in local memory, especially when it comes to periods after the expansion of the latex. / Esta dissertação procurou observar as experiências sociais de imigrantes nacionais e estrangeiros na cidade de Manaus entre o período de 1920 a 1945, e vai de encontro a inquietações que, entre outras coisas, levam em consideração a pouca produção historiográfica referente às condições de vida e trabalho de imigrantes em Manaus no período mencionado. Para tanto, observamos a situação do espaço que acomodou os imigrantes, ou seja, como se apresentava Manaus em seu aspecto, social, político e econômico, analisado principalmente as políticas demandadas pelo poder público em relação aos imigrantes. Além disso, procuramos analisar dimensões relevantes envolvendo relações e práticas de seus cotidianos na área urbana, quase imperceptíveis na memória local, principalmente quando se trata de períodos posteriores a expansão do látex.

This dissertation investigates the representation of labor in postcolonial immigration in French and Francophone Literature and Films. I analyze construction of identity among male immigrants through labor in the two novels Le Docker Noir (1956) by Ousmane Sembène and Mirages de Paris (1937) by Ousmane Diop. Immigrant women's labor situations are explored in the domestic sphere in Une esclave moderne by Akofa or the movie La noire de by Ousmane Sembène. I argue that these women laborers are "doubly colonized" through both gender and class. Finally I contend that neither La Sape nor sport and sexual labor help the integration of immigrant workers in France. Rather, disillusion and exploitation put an end once again to the adventure of young African candidates to immigration.

During the middle of the nineteenth century, vast numbers of Chinese immigrants arrived on the west coast of the United States. Here, they sought a better life for themselves and their families back home. The new arrivals often became targets of violence and discrimination as anti-Chinese sentiment grew in the country. Chinese immigrants protected and provided for themselves by creating a variety of organizations in their communities. One such organization became known as the tong. Many groups organized themselves around family names, regional background, or employment, but tongs accepted anyone who wanted to join. The promise of physical protection, economic gain, and acceptance in a community incentivized many Chinese men to join tongs. Tongs provided a space in which Chinese men could reclaim masculinity and practice traditional gender roles. Faced with discrimination, physical abuse, marginalization, and governmental neglect, tongs filled the power vacuum in Chinese communities. Tongs became powerful leaders within Chinatowns across the West. Beginning in the 1880s, tongs clashed with one another in events known as tong wars. By 1930, the era of tong wars came to an end. Once the powerhouse of the Chinese community, tong influence declined as Chinese residents successfully gained recognition, and fought back against racism and legislative discrimination. During the twentieth century, tongs transitioned from groups focused on economic gain (often through vice) and physical protection of its members to a fraternal order within Chinatown. Examination of tongs, tong wars, and the reasons for their decline creates greater understanding of Chinese communities and a broader understanding of how immigrant communities respond to discrimination within communities, and denied governmental protection and assistance.

A New World, At Last is set on a distant colony world, many thousands of years into the future. The path there has not been direct or bloodless. The humans who colonized this New World are the descendants of an Earth that has suffered cataclysmic climate change, collapse, and a subsequent millennia-long reconstruction. They stand on the shoulders of giants, uncovering and exploiting the technology of the Old Earth in order to ensure that such a collapse, once discovered, can never happen again. These new people, Colonials, set about making the New World in the image of their own. A scant hundred years after they settle the world, the Ecumene arrive. The Ecumene are humans as well, our own descendants, refugees who packed onto massive, life-sustaining generation ships that left Old Earth, burning a slow and steady path towards distant, potentially habitable worlds. The journey for the Ecumene took nearly a thousand years; in this time, a cult of destiny and destination fomented aboard a ship they began to see as their ark. They follow The Path, the way to the promised land of the New World, known to their distant ancestors as their ultimate destination. Due to the realities of space travel, time passed differently for the Ecumene than it did for the Colonials. What was a thousand year journey on the ship translates to a more than six thousand year period of time back on Earth. The massive gulf in time and experience makes for a difficult reunion between these two disparate relatives. Tensions arise as the Colonial Administration attempts to process these sudden arrivals and to integrate them into their system to prevent a complete collapse of their nascent biome. They hold the revelatory memory of a world subjected to poor stewardship and shy away from continuing down that path again. They see themselves as outnumbered and unfairly burdened, the sudden caretakers of a vast population of the children of the humans who sent the Old Earth into a long, terrible dark age. The bulk of A New World, At Last takes place thirty years after the arrival of the Ecumene ark, the Armstrong. A New World, At Last follows Edison Moss, the young son of a Colonial farmer ("agrineer"). Ed has recently discovered that he was adopted illegally; he is undocumented, from an unwanted class. In an act of rebellion, he leaves home on a quest of discovery, only to find that the answers he gets are not necessarily the answers to the questions he wanted to ask. His decade-long journey takes him from the heart of the colony to the frontier; along the way he befriends an agent of the Ecumene's more violent resistant group and becomes a participant in the movement. A New World, At Last also follows the story of an artist contemporary with Ed's time. Victor James Custodio, famous sculptor and crafter of prosthetic bodies for the rulers of Earth, flees to the New World in a quest to outrun a fate that has been chasing him through all of his lives. Victor's story parallels Ed's in a sense as both are, ultimately, pilgrimages; attempts to ask and have answered that ultimate question: who am I, where do I belong, and what do I do about it?

Orientador: José Carlos Barreiro / Banca: Carlos Alberto Sampaio Barbosa / Banca: Ricardo Alexandre Ferreira / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a questão da imigração chinesa para o Brasil no século XIX, situado no período de 1878-1879, quando ocorreu o Congresso Agrícola e um subsequente e intenso movimento de debates em torno do problema. A mão de obra chinesa foi tratada como uma possível alternativa para a escassez de mão de obra escrava, e uma substituta temporária para a vinda de imigrantes europeus. Todavia, o receio quanto ao imigrante chinês, em função dos preconceitos e das teorias raciais da época, aumentaram o debate a níveis sem precedentes. A imigração chinesa foi discutida por grandes intelectuais da época, como Joaquim Nabuco, e ocupou um espaço substancial na mídia. Um dos principais jornais desse período, a Gazeta de Notícias, cobriu grande parte dessa discussão, tornando-se responsável por mobilizar a opinião pública em relação ao mesmo. Em nosso trabalho, portanto, buscaremos discutir a questão da imigração chinesa por meio de uma análise dos discursos construídos a época, dando ênfase ao papel do periódico Gazeta de Notícias como um dos principais articuladores das opiniões sobre esse problema. / Abstract: The objective of this work is to analyze the issue of Chinese immigration to Brazil in the nineteenth century, situated in the period of 1878-1879, when the Agricultural Congress occurred and a subsequent and intense movement of debates around the problem. Chinese labor was treated as a possible alternative to the shortage of slave labor, and a temporary substitute for the arrival of European immigrants. However, fears about the Chinese immigrant, due to the prejudices and racial theories of the time, increased by great intellectuals of the time, like Joaquim Nabuco, and occupied a substantial space in the media. One of the main newspapers of the period, Gazeta de Notícias, covered much of this discussion, becoming responsible for mobilizing public opinion in relation to it. In our work, therefore, we will try to discuss the issue of Chinese immigration by means of an analysis of the discourses constructed at the time, emphasizing the function of the periodic Gazeta de Notícias as one of the main articulators of the opinions on this problem / Mestre

The focus of this project is to consider U.S. immigration policy as a critical domain in the political management of populations in advanced liberal states. Rather than seeking to understand how discourses over U.S. immigration policy function to construct identity (national, ethnic, and/or immigrant), this project seeks to understand how debates over U.S. immigration policy function to shape, manage, and direct the conduct of migrants, immigrants, and citizens. The project avoids the emphasis in much of the extant scholarship on U.S. immigration policy on the question of identity in favor of an ethos of investigation indebted to Foucault's concept of governmentality. Studies of governmentality eschew grand theories or unitary conceptions of the state in favor of empirical studies of techniques, programs, strategies and technologies that seek to guide, shape, and direct the conduct of others. While much of the interest of governmentality studies centers on mundane mechanisms that shape conduct, I argue that debates over immigration policy function as critical sites where the state is articulated into activities of government. The state, therefore, is not conceptualized as a source of power to be smashed. As such, policy debates are not mere deliberations by politicians and experts about the merits of particular courses of action; they are sites at which populations are made visible and particular mechanisms for shaping conduct are elevated. As such, the project attends to policy discussions featured as part of an overall strategic shift in U.S. immigration policy from apprehension to deterrence which began in the early 1990s. The new strategy sought to prevent migrants from entering the U.S. rather than apprehending them once they were here. Analyzing congressional hearings and floor debates, this project argues that discussions of immigration control policies (ranging from the enhanced border policing initiatives, to measures aimed at eliminating the employment and social services magnets, to official English legislation), function as part of a complex of programs, techniques, procedures through which authorities embody and give effect to particular ways of governing that seek to manage the conduct of populations both within and outside of the United States.

This dissertation seeks to further understand the relationship between nativism, the opinion that the American way of life needs to be protected against foreign influence, and the immigration policy preferences of the American public. It is argued that nativism is theoretically distinct from immigration policy preferences and should be operationalized and modeled accordingly. Disentangling nativism from its related policy preferences is essential for better understanding the role of nativism in driving immigration policy attitudes in comparison to other important factors such as economic threat, racism, and ideological conservatism. A variety of methods are employed in this analysis, including cross-sectional survey data analyses, an implicit association test, and a nation-wide survey list experiment. Using these methods, this project examines the determinants of nativism (including psychological factors), the nature of the relationship between nativism and immigration policy preferences, and how nativism might distinctly affect immigration policy preferences among Latinos and African-Americans. The conclusion discusses the implication of these results for the current public debate regarding the degree and effect of foreign influence on American society.

No description available.

Doctor of Philosophy / This thesis has tried to construct a comprehensive analysis of a clearly defined community of Egyptian Jews in Australia and France, based on the oral history of Egyptian born migrants. Built around the conceptual framework of forced emigration, integration and acculturation, it looks at the successful experience of this particular migrant group within both Australian and French societies. Like the other Jewish communities of Arab lands, the Egyptian Jewish community no longer exists, as it was either expelled or forced into exile in the aftermath of the three Arab-Israeli wars (1948, 1956, 1967). This thesis argues that the rise of an exclusively Arab-Islamic type of nationalism, the growth of Islamic fundamentalism and the escalating Arab-Israeli conflict constituted the fundamental causes for the demise of Egyptian Jewry. As a consequence, almost half of the Jewish population of Egypt went to Israel. The rest dispersed throughout the Western world, mainly in France, North and South America. In Australia, a small group of around 2,000 found a new home. Apart from those who migrated to Israel, the majority of Egyptian Jews experienced a waiting period in Europe before they were accepted by any of the countries of immigration, a period facilitated by international and local Jewish welfare agencies. My interviewees chose Australia mostly to be reunited with family members. They first had to overcome the racial discrimination of the ‘White Australia’ Immigration policy towards Jews of Middle Eastern origin, a hurdle surmounted thanks to the tireless efforts of some leaders of the Australian Jewish community. With their multiple language skills, multi-layered identity and innate ability to interact with a variety of ethnic groups, they succeeded in establishing themselves in an unfamiliar country that initially welcomed them reluctantly. As such, they can be said to have successfully acculturated and integrated into Australian society, whilst retaining their own cultural diversity. The more numerous Egyptian Jews living in France also successfully acculturated. As a larger group, they were better equipped to assert themselves within the older Jewish/French community and retain their distinctive Sephardi culture. Studies such as the present one provide insight into the process of integration and identity reconstruction, as well as the diverse strategies used to ensure a successful acculturation, and the value of a multi-layered identity.

This thesis compares population policy and demographic outcomes in France and Australia from 1945 taking into consideration projections to 2050. These features are analysed using a theoretical approach derived from James Q. Wilson and Gary Freeman, flagging focused benefits/costs and diffuse benefits/costs of population growth, including growth fueled by immigration. This analysis is framed by the New Ecological Paradigm developed by Dunlap and Catton. The oil shock of 1973 is identified as a major turning point where French and Australian policy directions and demographic trends diverge, notably on immigration. It is established that in both countries there was a will for population stabilisation and energy conservation, which succeeded in France. In Australia, however, a strong, organised growth lobby over-rode this Malthusian tendency. A major force for growth lay in the speculative property development and housing industries. The specific qualities of the Australian land development planning and housing system facilitated land speculation. Speculative opportunity and profits were increased by population growth and, with decreasing fertility rates, the industries concerned relied increasingly on high immigration rates. In France, to the contrary, the land development planning and housing industries had no similar dependency on immigration and, since the oil shock, have adapted to a declining population growth rate. The author concludes that France has a relatively Malthusian economy and that Australia has a relatively Cornucopian one. These observations may be extrapolated respectively to non-English speaking Western European States and to English Speaking Settler States. Speculative benefits from population growth/immigration are illustrated by demonstrating a relationship between ratcheting property price inflation in high overseas immigration cities in Australia and the near absence of this inflation in low growth areas. In contrast this ratcheting effect is absent in France and French cities where population growth and immigration have little influence on the property market. The research suggests that speculative benefits of high population growth have been magnified by globalisation of the property market and that these rising stakes are likely to increase the difficulty of population stabilisation and energy conservation under the Australian land development and planning system. The thesis contains a substantial appendix analysing and comparing French and Australian demographic and energy use statistics.